腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水临床观察

目的探讨腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水的疗效及其临床分析。方法2010年03月至2012年03月期间,我院诊治的60例恶性腹水患者,随即将其分为对照组(单纯采用腹腔热灌注化疗)和观察组(对照组基础上,联用免疫治疗机治疗),每组各30例,对其临床疗效和不良反应,进行观察和比较。结果 30例对照组患者中,13例完全缓解,8例部分缓解,5例病情稳定,4例病情进展;30例观察组患者中,15例完全缓解,10例部分缓解,4例病情稳定,1例病情进展。与对照组相比(70.0%),观察组的总有效率明显升高(83.3%),P<0.05。30例对照组患者中,有10例出现恶心呕吐,8例腹胀、腹痛,8例骨髓抑制;30例观察组患者中,有7例出现恶心呕吐,6例腹胀、腹痛,4例骨髓抑制。与对照组相比,观察组的总不良反应比率明显降低,P<0.05。结论对于恶性腹水的治疗,腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗的疗效显著,并且不良反应少,值得临床推广。

腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水的临床观察

目的探讨腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水的疗效及临床分析。方法 2010年7月至2012年7月期间,我院诊治的90例恶性腹水患者,随机将其分为对照组(腹腔热灌注化疗)和观察组(加用免疫治疗机治疗),每组各45例,对两组临床疗效,以及毒副作用,进行观察和比较。结果与对照组相比,观察组治疗的总有效率明显升高,治疗期间的毒副作用发生率明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水疗效显著,明显改善患者预后质量,并且治疗期间毒副作用相对较少,患者可以较好耐受,值得临床推广。

腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水的临床观察

目的对恶性腹水治疗中腹腔热灌注化疗联合免疫治疗机治疗的临床效果进行观察。方法选取我院于2011年5月至2013年5月收治恶性腹水患者82例,将其随机分为两组,其中对照组40例接受腹腔热灌注化疗治疗,观察组42例接受腹腔热灌注化疗联合免疫治疗机治疗,对比两组患者临床治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组的治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在对恶性腹水进行治疗时,腹腔热灌注化疗联合免疫治疗机具有确切临床疗效,可对患者预后质量显著改善,在治疗过程中不会产生过多不良反应,患者接受性好,值得在临床中推广。

风湿病激光免疫治疗机的整机设计

激光免疫疗法是目前治疗风湿病新兴的医疗技术。根据治疗机理和临床需要 ,采用微机分别控制CO2 激光器和开关电源使激光输出功率、照射时间连续可调 ,整个治疗过程一次完成。精心设计的光学系统减少了激光聚焦斑点 。

腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水临床分析

目的：分析腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水的临床效果。方法：选取我院于2010年12月～2012年12月收治的100例恶性腹水患者作为观察对象，随机将其分为对照组和观察组2组，对照组患者进行腹腔热灌注化疗，观察组患者在此基础上进行免疫治疗机治疗，观察并比较2组患者的治疗效果。结果：观察组患者的有效率为90％，对照组患者的有效率为70％，2组患者有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗过程中观察组患者有9例患者发生恶心呕吐，7例发生腹痛腹胀，2例患者发生骨髓抑制，对照组有15例患者发生恶心呕吐，10例患者发生腹痛腹胀，6例患者发生骨髓抑制，2组患者不良反应发生情况比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水有着良好的临床效果。且不良反应少，可以在临床上广泛推广。

腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水临床观察

目的观察腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水的临床治疗效果。方法安钢职工总医院自2010年11月至2012年4月共收治100例恶性腹水患者,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组50例患者给予腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗,对照组50例患者仅给予热灌注化疗治疗。观察并比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果观察总有效率为74%,对照组为46%,观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔热灌注化疗结合免疫治疗机治疗恶性腹水的效果明显,可以作为临床首选治疗方法。

免疫治疗机对恶性肿瘤化疗不良反应的影响分析

探讨和分析免疫治疗机对恶性肿瘤化疗不良反应的影响。方法:选取我院2019年1月至2020年12月期间,在我院接受治疗的60例恶性肿瘤患者为对象展开此次临床研究,将患者以随机分组的方式分成各30例的参考组和研究区,前者采用单纯化疗实施治疗;后者在化疗基础上增加免疫治疗机实施治疗;对比两组患者治疗中的不良反应状况,以及患者治疗后的KPS评分。结果:研究组患者的不良反应发生率46.7%显著低于参考组的80.0%(P<0.05),疲劳率53.3%显著低于参考组患者的80.0%(P<0.05)。结论:在对恶性肿瘤患者实施化疗的过程中,增加免疫治疗机辅助能够有效降低患者治疗中的不良反应,改善患者的身体状况,从而更好的保证临床疗效。免疫治疗机具有较高的临床应用价值,可广泛推广应用。

腹腔热灌注化疗联合穴位照射治疗恶性腹水临床观察

目的探讨腹腔热灌注化疗结合穴位照射治疗恶性腹水临床治疗效果。方法安阳钢铁公司职工总医院从2010年11月～2012年4月共收治的100例恶性腹水患者,将其随机平均分为观察组和对照组,观察组的50例患者给予腹腔热灌注化疗联合穴位照射,对照组的50例患者仅给予热灌注化疗。观察并比较2组患者的治疗效果。结果观察患者的总有效率是74%,对照组的总有效率是46%,观察组的总有效率要明显高于对照组,其差异具统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔热灌注化疗联合穴位照射治疗恶性腹水的效果明显,可以作为临床首选治疗方法。

Control of gallbladder contractions by cholecystokinin through cholecystokinin-A receptors on gallbladder interstitial cells of cajal

AIM: To identify the cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptors (CCK-AR) on the guniea pig gallbladder interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) and to study CCK-8 induced gallbladder muscle strip contractions through the CCK-AR. METHODS: The existence of CCK-AR was examined by immunohistofluorescence on sectioned tissue and cultured cells. In vitro contractile response of guinea pig gallbladder muscle strips and the strips with ICC removed were also studied with CCK-8 receptors added. RESULTS: In tissue sections, intensely CCKAR- immunoreactive interstitial cells were found mainly in the muscular layers. In cultured cell sections, distinctive double staining of C-kit and CCK-AR ICCs were found. When we removed the ICC of the gallbladder, CCK-8 induced muscle strip contraction dose response curve significantly shifted to the right. CONCLUSION: We proved that both the existence of CCK-AR on the guinea pig gallbladder ICC and CCK evoked contraction are mediated through direct action on CCK-AR on the gallbladder ICC.

Crohn’s disease:Innate immunodeficiency?

In the past, Crohn’s disease (CD) has been understood primarily as an immunologic disorder characterized by an abnormal T-cell response. Recent in vitro and in vivo data suggests that CD may instead be precipitated by innate immune dysfunction resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some reports have demonstrated a defective immune response in a variety of other cellular components, including neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells. Recent studies of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM- CSF) in CD, aiming to stimulate the innate immune system with the conception that an innate immune defect underlies the development of the disease, have been demonstrated a clinical benefit and reinforce this evolving understanding of the disease.

Budesonide induces complete remission in autoimmune hepatitis

AIM： Prednisone and azathioprine represent the standard treatment for autoimmune hepatitis （AIH）. However, only 65% of the patients enter complete histological remission. Recently, budesonide （BUD） was reported to be a promising alternative. In this study we assessed the efficacy and safety of BUD in AIH. METHODS： Eighteen patients （12 women, 6 men; mean age 45.4±21 years） with AIH were treated with BUD （Budenofalk） 3 mg thrice daily and followed up for at least 24 wk. Seven patients also had features of primary biliary cirrhosis （n = 5） or primary sclerosing cholangitis （n = 2）. Advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis was present in RESULTS： Fifteen （83%） patients had a complete clinical and biochemical remission. Ten patients, including five with acute hepatitis, were given BUD as first-line therapy, of which seven enter remission. Three patients, two with liver cirrhosis, did not improve. All patients with second-line therapy experienced long-term remission. A histological remission was also seen in three patients. Clinically relevant BUD-induced side effects were recorded only in patients with liver cirrhosis （n = 4）. CONCLUSION： BUD is effective in remission induction in the majority of our patients with AIH. Side effects and treatment failure was mainly observed in patients with liver cirrhosis.

STAT3 in immune responses and inflammatory bowel diseases

STAT3 has been known as a mediator for gene expression induced by many important cytokines. Recent studies have suggested that STAT3 has important functions in regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Loss of STAT3 in immune cells caused severe inflammation in response to pathogens. This review discusses the recent progress and suggests directions for the future research on this interesting molecule.

Immunological treatment of liver tumors

Although multiple options for the treatment of liver tumors have often been described in the past, including liver resection, radiofrequency ablation with or without hepatic pump insertion, laparoscopic liver resection and the use of chemotherapy, the potential of immunotherapy and gene manipulation is still largely unexplored.Immunological therapy by gene manipulation is based on the interaction between virus-based gene delivery systems and dendritic cells. Using viruses as vectors, it is possible to transduce dendritic cells with genes encoding tumor-associated antigens, thus inducing strong humoral and cellular immunity against the antigens themselves.Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy have the disadvantage of destroying healthy cells, thus causing severe side-effects. We need more precisely targeted therapies capable of killing cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. Our goal is to establish a new treatment for solid liver tumors based on the concept of cytoreduction,and propose an innovative algorithm.

Diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis by high resolution magnification endoscopy

Endoscopic visualisation of gastric atrophy is usually not feasible with conven.tional endoscopy. Magnifying endoscopy is helpful to analyze the subepithelial microvascular architecture as well as the mucosal surface microstructure without tissue biopsy. Using this technique we were able to describe the normal gastric microvasculature pattern and we also identified characteristic patterns in two cases of autoimmune atrophic gastritis.

Interleukin-12 and Th1 immune response in Crohn’s disease: Pathogenetic relevance and therapeutic inplication

Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that share clinical and pathological characteristics. The most accredited hypothesis is that both CD and UC result from a deregulated mucosal immune response to normal constituents of the gut microflora. Evidence, however, indicates that the main pathological processes in these two diseases are distinct. In CD, the tissue- damaging inflammatory reaction is driven by activated type 1 helper T-cell (Th1), whereas a humoral response predominates in UC. Consistently, a marked accumulation of macrophages making interleukin (IL)-12, the major Th1-inducing factor, is seen in CD but not in UC mucosa. Preliminary studies also indicate that administration of a monoclonal antibody blocking the IL-12/p40 subunit can be useful to induce and maintain clinical remission in CD patients. Notably, the recently described IL-23 shares the p40 subunit with IL-12, raising the possibility that the clinical benefit of the anti-IL-12/p40 antibody in CD may also be due to the neutralization of IL-23 activity. This review summarizes the current information on the expression and functional role of IL-12 and IL- 12-associated signaling pathways both in patients with CD and experimental models of colitis, thus emphasizing major differences between IL-12 and IL-23 activity on the development of intestinal inflammation.

Uveitis in autoimmune hepatitis:A case report

In this case report we describe for the first time an association between autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） and uveitis, without any doubts about other possible etiologies, such as HCV, since all the old reports describe the association of AIH with iridocyclitis before tests for HCV-related hepatitis could be available. A 38-year-old businessman with abnormal liver function tests and hyperemia of the bulbar conjunctiva was admitted to the hospital. Six years before admission, the patient presented with persistent fever, arthralgias, conjunctival hyperemia, leukocytosis and increased ESR, referred to acute rheumatic fever. The presence of systemic diseases, most commonly associated with uveitis, was investigated without results and the patient was then treated with topical corticosteroids. His symptoms resolved. A test for anti-nuclear antibodies was positive, at a titre of 1：320, with a speckled and nucleolar staining pattern. Liver ultrasound showed mild hepatomegaly with an increased echostructure of the liver. Percutaneous liver biopsy was performed under ultrasound assistance. Histological examination showed necroinflammation over the portal, periportal and Iobular areas, fibrotic portal tracts, with periportal fibrosis and occasional portal-to-portal bridgings, but intact hepatic architecture. Some hepatocytes showed barely discernible granules of hemosiderin in the Iobular area. Bile ductules had not any significant morphological alterations. METAVIR score was A2-F3, according to the modified HAI grading/fibrosis staging. The patient was diagnosed to have AIH with mild activity and fibrosis and was discharged on 25 mg prednisone, entering clinical and biochemical remission, further confirming diagnosis. After discharge the patient continued to have treatment with corticosteroids as an outpatient at a dose of 5 mg. On January 2002 the patient was readmitted to the hospital. A test for anti-nuclear antibodies was positive, at a titre of 1：320, with a speckled and nucleolar staining pattern. Anti-smooth muscle antibody test was also positive （1：160）, while anti-LKM antibodies were negative. Ophthalmologic examination revealed inflammatory cells and proteinaceous flare in the anterior chamber of the left eye, and a stromal lesion in the cornea. He was maintained on immunosuppressive therapy （5 mg prednisone plus topical antibiotic therapy for two weeks） and then discharged. A complete remission of the symptoms was registered on follow-up. At present （July 2005）, the patient is on prednisone （5 rag） and has no symptoms. Liver function tests are also within the normal range.

Sclerosing cholecystitis associated with autoimmune pancreatitis

AIM： TO evaluate the histopathological and radiological findings of the gallbladder in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis （AIP）. METHODS： The radiological findings of the gallbladder of 19 AIP patients were retrospectively reviewed. Resected gallbladders of 8 AIP patients were examined histologically and were immunostained with anti- IgG4 antibody. Controls consisted of gallbladders resected for symptomatic gallstones （n = 10） and those removed during pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic carcinoma （n = 10）, as well as extrahepatic bile ducts and pancreases removed by pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic carcinoma （n = 10）. RESULTS： Thickening of the gallbladder wall was detected by ultrasound and/or computed tomography in 10 patients with AIP （3 severe and 7 moderate）; in these patients severe stenosis of the extrahepatic bile duct was also noted. Histologically, thickening of the gallbladder was detected in 6 of 8 （75%） patients with AIP; 4 cases had transmural lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with fibrosis, and 2 cases had mucosal-based lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Considerable transmural thickening of the extrahepatic bile duct wall with dense fibrosis and diffuse ly,mphoplasmacytic infiltration was detected in 7 patients. Immunohistochemically, severeor moderate infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells was detected in the gallbladder, bile duct, and pancreas of all 8 patients, but was not detected in controls. CONCLUSION： Gallbladder wall thickening with fibrosis and abundant infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells is frequently detected in patients with AIP. We propose the use of a new term, sclerosing cholecystitis, for these cases that are induced by the same mechanism as sclerosing pancreatitis or sclerosing cholangitis in AIP.

Limited influences of chemotherapy on healthy and metastatic liver parenchyma

AIM: To examine the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin,γ-catenin, VEGF, and p53 in 39 patients with hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer immunohistochemically.METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups:those (n = 16) who had no chemotherapy for at least 6 mo before the liver resections and those (n = 23)who were treated with chemotherapy before liver resections. A score from 0 to 3 was given for the number of positive cells and from 0 to 3 for the intensity of staining in these cells, in both healthy and metastatic liver parenchyma.RESULTS: No significant differences in the expression of E-cadherin, β- and γ-catenin, VEGF and p53, could be observed between patients who received and did not receive chemotherapy, in both normal and metastatic liver parenchyma.CONCLUSION: Despite the assumption that chemotherapy had an effect on liver metastasis, no influences were noticed immunohistochemically.

Efficacy and Immune Mechanisms of Cetuximab for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Cetuximab is a chimeric immunoglobulin G1 mono-clonal antibody that targets the ligand-binding domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor and inhibits downstream intra-cellular signals. Research has shown that cetuximab can stimulate the autoimmune system and produce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity reactions, which can recruit cytotoxic lymphocytes to attack and kill cancer cells. Cetuximab is mainly indicated for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-positive metastatic colorectal cancer who fail to respond to both irinotecan-and oxaliplatin-based regimens. The efficacy and safety of cetuximab as monotherapy or in combination with other treatment options were evaluated in a series of phase II and phase III trials. Identifying the clinical and molecular markers that can predict which patient groups may best benefit from cetuximab treatment is key to improving patient outcomes and avoiding unnecessary toxicities and costs. Herein, we discuss the mechanisms of action by which cetuximab exerts its antitumor effects, as well as the possible clinical and molecular markers that may help predict therapeutic benefits for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

RECENT PROGRESSES OF ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE

In the present paper, the authors review recent progresses of acupuncture treatment of cerebral hemorrhage and theoretical research. Regarding the clinical application of acupuncture therapy, in the acute stage of the disease, many doctors adopt body acupuncture and scalp-acupuncture, fewer doctors applied eye acupuncture; while in the chronic stage of the disease, many medical workers employ body acupuncture, scalp-acupuncture, combined therapies of acupuncture, functional exercise, massage, acupoint injection, etc.. Concerning studies on the mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage, abundant experience evidence show that acupuncture can raise the activity of the plasma fibrinolytic system to promote the absorption of blood clots of the foci; improve microcirculation; reduce cerebral tissue edema; regulate some chemical substances’ levels to lessen harmful effects of oxygen free radicals; and enhance the patient’s immune function. However, some problems still exist in clinical researches at present and affect the reasonable evaluation on the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture.