近年来在晚期癌症患者的治疗中,免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)的应用正逐渐普遍。程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)是T细胞效应机制中的负向效应器,存在于活化的T细胞表面,限制肿瘤...近年来在晚期癌症患者的治疗中,免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)的应用正逐渐普遍。程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)是T细胞效应机制中的负向效应器,存在于活化的T细胞表面,限制肿瘤细胞的免疫反应。PD-1的表达可以抑制肿瘤微环境中的多种免疫细胞亚群。展开更多
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases that often involve organs other than those of the gastrointestinal tract. Immune-related extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are usu...Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases that often involve organs other than those of the gastrointestinal tract. Immune-related extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are usually related to disease activity, but sometimes may take an independent course. Globally, about one third of patients develop these systemic manifestations. Phenotypic classification shows that certain subsets of patients are more susceptible to developing EIMs, which frequently occur simultaneously in the same patient overlapping joints, skin, mouth, and eyes. The clinical spectrum of these manifestations varies from mild transitory to very severe lesions, sometimes more incapacitating than the intestinal disease itself. The great majority of these EIMs accompany the activity of intestinal disease and patients run a higher risk of a severe clinical course. For most of the inflammatory EIMs, the primary therapeutic target remains the bowel. Early aggressive therapy can minimize severe complications and maintenance treatment has the potential to prevent some devastating consequences.展开更多
文摘近年来在晚期癌症患者的治疗中,免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)的应用正逐渐普遍。程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)是T细胞效应机制中的负向效应器,存在于活化的T细胞表面,限制肿瘤细胞的免疫反应。PD-1的表达可以抑制肿瘤微环境中的多种免疫细胞亚群。
文摘Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases that often involve organs other than those of the gastrointestinal tract. Immune-related extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are usually related to disease activity, but sometimes may take an independent course. Globally, about one third of patients develop these systemic manifestations. Phenotypic classification shows that certain subsets of patients are more susceptible to developing EIMs, which frequently occur simultaneously in the same patient overlapping joints, skin, mouth, and eyes. The clinical spectrum of these manifestations varies from mild transitory to very severe lesions, sometimes more incapacitating than the intestinal disease itself. The great majority of these EIMs accompany the activity of intestinal disease and patients run a higher risk of a severe clinical course. For most of the inflammatory EIMs, the primary therapeutic target remains the bowel. Early aggressive therapy can minimize severe complications and maintenance treatment has the potential to prevent some devastating consequences.
