对大豆异黄酮及其生理作用的研究

本文主要介绍近年来对大豆异黄酮及其生理作用的研究进展，包括大豆异黄酮的主要类型和结构，以及由其生理活性决定的抗肿瘤、防治心血管疾病、抗炎、免疫调节、雌激素样作用等多种生理作用。

肿节风注射液抗小鼠前胃癌FC的作用及毒性

目的研究肿节风注射液(ZJF)抗小鼠前胃癌FC的作用及毒性。方法建立小鼠体内荷小鼠前胃癌FC模型,测定ZJF的抑制率和体重、胸腺指数和脾指数以及给药前后外周血白细胞的变化,同时研究ZJF对小鼠前胃癌FC细胞株生长的抑制作用。结果ZJF具有明显的抗肿瘤作用,ipZJF0.2g/kg、1g/kg、0.2g/kg的抑瘤率分别为39.83%、64.41%、53.39%,且能明显升高荷瘤小鼠的脾指数和胸腺指数,升高外周血白细胞,增加荷瘤小鼠的体重。ZJF100mg/mL、50mg/mL、25mg/mL、12.5mg/mL、6.25mg/mL对小鼠前胃癌FC细胞增殖的抑制率分别为65%、63%、57%、55%、44%。结论ZJF体内、外对小鼠前胃癌FC均具有抗肿瘤作用,并可增加荷瘤鼠免疫器官指数及外周血白细胞数。

扶芳藤提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响研究

目的探讨扶芳藤提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法通过检测免疫抑制小鼠的脏器/体质量比值、巨噬细胞吞噬率、淋巴细胞转化率以及血清溶血素的变化,观察不同剂量水平的扶芳藤乙醇提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果中、高剂量的扶芳藤提取物可明显提高免疫抑制小鼠的脏器/体质量比值、巨噬细胞吞噬率、淋巴细胞转化率以及血清溶血素含量(P<0.05)。结论扶芳藤提取物可以增强小鼠免疫功能。

国家审计在应对金融危机中的作用分析及建议

作为保障经济社会健康运行"免疫系统"的国家审计,在应对金融危机中处于重要地位,发挥着特殊作用。本文结合审计"免疫系统"论和审计实践,对国家审计在应对金融危机中采取的重要举措,以及所发挥的综合评价及信息反馈、警示和预防、揭露和促进、建设和参谋等主要作用进行了归纳分析,并结合当前应对金融危机的形势分析,从树立科学审计理念、加强对权力的监督和制约、注重防范和控制各项风险、大力推进产业结构调整和升级等方面,对国家审计进一步发挥在应对金融危机中的作用提出了对策建议。

Changes of the cytokine profile in inflammatory bowel diseases

Cytokines are indispensable signals of the mucosaassociated immune system for maintaining normal gut homeostasis.An imbalance of their profile in favour of inflammation initiation may lead to disease states,such as that is observed in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).Although Crohn's disease(CD) is often described as a prototype of T-helper 1-type diseases,and ulcerative colitis(UC) is traditionally viewed as a T-helper 2-mediated condition,the classic paradigm,which categorises cytokines into pro-and anti-inflammatory groups,has recently been changed.The inflammation regulatory pathways may not be mutually exclusive as individual cytokines can have diverse and even opposing functions in various clinical and immunological settings.None the less there are many common immunological responses in IBD that are mediated by cytokines.Although they regulate and influence the development,course and recurrence of the inflammatory process,the concrete pathogenic role of these small signaling molecules is sometimes not unambiguous in the subtypes of the disease.Our aim is to review the current information about pro-and anti-inflammatory effects of traditionally studied and recently discovered cytokines in the pathogenesis of UC and CD.The better understanding of their production and functional activity may lead to the development of new therapeutic modalities.

Innate and adaptive immunity in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases are the consequence of a dysregulated mucosal immune system. The mucosal immune system consists of two arms, innate and adaptive immunity, that have been studied separately for a long time. Functional studies from in vivo models of intestinal inflammation as well as results from genome-wide association studies strongly suggest a crossregulation of both arms. The present review will illustrate this interaction by selecting examples from innate immunity and adaptive immunity, and their direct impact on each other. Broadening our view by focusing on the cross-regulated areas of the mucosal immune system will not only facilitate our understanding of disease, but furthermore will allow identification of future therapeutic targets.

A Mathematical Model of Breast Cancer and Mediated Immune System Interactions

Mathematical model that describes breast cancer and immune interactions were presented using system of differential equations to provide analytic and nnmeric framework of cancer-immune dynamics. Four types of immune cells-CTLs （cytotoxic T lymphocytes）, macrophages, NK （natural killer） and helper T cells-known to play the most significant roles in developing breast cancer immunity were modeled using differential equations. The model was then applied to different cancer growth rates and simulated using MATLAB software tool. The parameters of the model were based on experimental and clinical results from published articles. Results supported clinical studies that maximal breast cancer immunity depends mostly on each of the four immune cell types chosen. It was observed that for a given breast cancer growth rate, there was an optimal activation that maximized the response of the immune system. The effectiveness of the immune system resulted in the decrease in breast cancer killing rates. These results highlighted the importance of immune system activations in breast cancer development and treatment. Therefore, the model and its simulation provided a robust framework to better understand breast cancer progression and response to the immune system.

Genotypic Analysis, Construction of the Expression System and Immunological Identification of the Recombinant Proteins of the LipL32 Gene in the Dominant Serogroups of Leptospira interrogans in China

To investigate the existence of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) gene LipL32 in 15 dominant Chinese strains of 15 serogroups of Leptospira interrogans and 2 international strains of 2 serogroups of Leptospira biflexa, and to clone and construct the expression system as well as to identify the recombinant proteins, genomic DNAs from strains of leptospira were prepared by routine phenol-chloroform method, and the fragments of the LipL32 gene with the whole length from the strains were amplified with high fidelity PCR. The target amplification products were sequenced after T-A cloning, and the expression system for the genes were thereby constructed. Expression of the recombinant proteins was identified by using SDS-PAGE after induction with IPTG at different dosages. Western blot assays with rabbit antiserum against the whole cell of TR/PatocⅠ of Leptospira and immunized serum with rMOMPs were used to determine the immunoreactivity and immunogenicity of the recombinant proteins. Microscopic agglutination test was used to determine the cross- agglutination titres in rabbit sera immunized with rMOMPs, and the cell adherence model of Leptospira was used to examine the blocking effects of rabbit antisera against these rMOMPs. It was found that the LipL32 gene could be found in all the 17 strains of Leptospira mentioned above with two different genotypes, i.e. LipL32/1 and LipL32/2. Amounts of expressions of rMOMP1 and rMOMP2 after IPTG accounted for 40% and 10% of the total bacterial proteins respectively. Both rMOMP1 and rMOMP2 could combine with the rabbit antiserum against leptospiral TR/PatocⅠ, and could induce the production of agglutination antibodies to these 17 strains of Leptospira with 1∶2 to 1∶64 MAT titres. The rabbit anti-rMOMP1 and anti-MOMP2 antibodies at 1∶2 to 1∶16 dilutions could efficiently block adherence of Leptospira. It concludes that all the Leptospira tested in the present study possess LipL32/1 or LipL32/2 genes, and the constructed expression system can express the rMOMP1 and rMOMP2. These recombinant proteins are showed to have good immunogenicity and satisfactory immunoreactivity.

NK cells play a significant role in immunosurveillance at the early stage of MLL-AF9 acute myeloid leukemia via CD226/CD155 interactions

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy, and the mechanism underlying immune system involvement in leukemia development is unclear. In the present study, we utilized a myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia; translocated to, 3(MLLT3/MLL-AF9)-induced AML mouse model with or without exposure to irradiation. We found that the leukemia cells could survive and expand in hosts with intact immune systems, whereas leukemia progression was accelerated in mice with impaired immune systems. Moreover, the leukemia cells escaped from host immunosurveillance via editing their immunogenicity, including the up-regulation of an inhibitory antigen(i.e., CD47) and the down-regulation of active antigens(i.e., CD86, CD54, retinoic acid early transcript(RAE), histocompatibility 2, D region locus b(H2-Db) and H2-Dd). Natural killer(NK) cells were activated in the early phase of AML progression, whereas T cells were stimulated in the late phase. Furthermore, NK cell depletion showed that NK cells were necessary for the elimination of leukemia cells in our AML mouse model. Notably, CD155/CD226 primarily mediated the interaction between NK cells and leukemia cells and contributed to the antitumor effects of NK cells during the early phase of AML. Clinical data from patients with diverse hematological malignancies showed that CD155 expression was decreased in hematological malignancies. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NK cells play a pivotal role in immunosurveillance against leukemia cells during the early stage of AML primarily through the CD226/CD155 interaction; however, NK cells are not sufficient to eliminate leukemia cells.

Attractive natural products with strained cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane ring systems

The strained cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane subunits occurred in many complex natural products including terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids. Natural products with cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane motifs not only furnished fascinating structures, but also exhibited versatile biological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-HIM antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunosuppressive effects. This review covered a large array of structurally unique natural products with strained cyclopropane and/or cyclobutane motifs and summarized their structural features, distributions, biological activities, as well as biogenetic considerations.