Objective We studied the pathologic features, cellular phenotypes, and matrix remodeling of clinical pulmonary-to-aortic valve transplants functioning up to 6 years. Methods Nine autografts and associated vascular wal...Objective We studied the pathologic features, cellular phenotypes, and matrix remodeling of clinical pulmonary-to-aortic valve transplants functioning up to 6 years. Methods Nine autografts and associated vascular walls early(2-10 weeks) and late(3-6 years) postoperatively were examined by using routine morphologic methods and immunohistochemistry. In 4 cases autograft and homograft cusps were obtained from the same patients. Results Autografts had near-normal trilaminar cuspal structure and collagen architecture and viable valvular interstitial and endothelial cells throughout the time course. In contrast, cusps of homografts used to replace the pulmonary valves in the same patients were devitalized. In early autograft explants, 19.3%±2.4%of cuspal interstitial cells were myofibroblasts expressing α-actin. In contrast, myofibroblasts comprised only 6.0%±1.1%of cells in late explants and 2.5%±0.4%and 4.6%±0.8%of cells in normal pulmonary and aortic valves, respectively (P< .05). In early autografts only 12.0%±4.6%of endothelial cells expressed the systemic arterial endothelial cellmarker EphrinB2,whereas later explants had 85.6%±5.4%of endothelial cells expressing EphrinB2(P< .05). In early autografts 43.0%±8.8%of interstitial cells expressed metalloproteinase 13, whereas late autografts had 11.4%±2.7%of interstitial cells expressing matrix metalloproteinase 13 (P< .05). Collagen content in autografts was comparable with that of normal valves and was higher than that seen in homograft valves (P< .005). However, autograft walls were damaged, with granulation tissue (early) and scarring, with focal loss of normal smooth muscle cells, elastin, and collagen (late). Conclusions The structure of pulmonary valves transplanted to the systemic circulation evolved toward that of normal aortic valves. Key processes in this remodeling included onset of a systemic endothelial cell phenotype and reversible plasticity of fibroblast-like valvular interstitial cells to myofibroblasts.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To discuss the pathologic characteristics and theprognosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder(NECB)in order to assist in making a precise diagnosis and to effectivelytreat the disease.METHODS Clinico...OBJECTIVE To discuss the pathologic characteristics and theprognosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder(NECB)in order to assist in making a precise diagnosis and to effectivelytreat the disease.METHODS Clinicopathologic features of the 6 cases with NECBwere analyzed retrospectively.The personal data of the patientsand the pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics ofthe tumor were investigated.The follow-up of these patients wasconducted over a time period ranging from 3 months to 9 years.RESULTS Transurethral resection of the bladder tumorwas performed in all 6 patients.Based on the results of thepathologic examination,4 of the cases were diagnosed as smallcell neuroendocrine carcinoma and the other 2 were diagnosedas atypical carcinoid tumor.On immunohistochemical stainingall tumors expressed neuroendocrine markers includingneuronspecific enolase(CD56),synaptophysin(Syn)andchromogranin(CgA).In patients receiving partial cystectomyfollowed by postoperative chemotherapy,relapse was found in 4of the 6 cases on follow up.CONCLUSION NECB is a rare entity and a tumor with highmalignant potential and characteristic pathologic features.Hematuria is the cardinal symptom of NECB.Metastasis mayoccur at an early stage and the prognosis of the disease is poor.Final diagnosis of NECB depends on histopathologic examinationand immunohistochemical assays.Surgical excision combinedwith radiotherapy and chemotherapy is considered an effectivetreatment.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To observe E-calcium sticky protein(E-cadherin) expression in kidney tissues in a rat model of unilateral ureter ligation and the effect of Yishen Huayu Fang(formula of tonifying the kidney and dissolving ac...OBJECTIVE:To observe E-calcium sticky protein(E-cadherin) expression in kidney tissues in a rat model of unilateral ureter ligation and the effect of Yishen Huayu Fang(formula of tonifying the kidney and dissolving accumulated blood stasis) on the expression.METHODS:A total of 150 clean grade male rats were randomly divided into a control group,model group,low-dose Yishen Huayu Fang group(low-dose group),high-dose Yishen Huayu Fang group(high-dose group),and Lotensin group.A renal fibrosis model was established with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).Pathological changes of rat renal tissue were observed with light microscopy on days 3,7,14,21,and 28 after UUO.Changes in kidney tissue E-cadherin expression were observed with immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Three days after modeling,kidney edema appeared followed by gradual inflammatory cell infiltration,and part of the small tubules disappeared while the renal cortex thinned.Meanwhile,the E-cadherin expression level dropped,which was negatively correlated with the obstruction time.After intervention,E-cadherin expression was increased in all treatment groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between the high-dose and Lotensin groups.CONCLUSION:Yishen Huayu Fang delays the renal fibrosis process by promoting E-cadherin expression in renal tissues and reducing extracellular matrix deposition.展开更多
文摘Objective We studied the pathologic features, cellular phenotypes, and matrix remodeling of clinical pulmonary-to-aortic valve transplants functioning up to 6 years. Methods Nine autografts and associated vascular walls early(2-10 weeks) and late(3-6 years) postoperatively were examined by using routine morphologic methods and immunohistochemistry. In 4 cases autograft and homograft cusps were obtained from the same patients. Results Autografts had near-normal trilaminar cuspal structure and collagen architecture and viable valvular interstitial and endothelial cells throughout the time course. In contrast, cusps of homografts used to replace the pulmonary valves in the same patients were devitalized. In early autograft explants, 19.3%±2.4%of cuspal interstitial cells were myofibroblasts expressing α-actin. In contrast, myofibroblasts comprised only 6.0%±1.1%of cells in late explants and 2.5%±0.4%and 4.6%±0.8%of cells in normal pulmonary and aortic valves, respectively (P< .05). In early autografts only 12.0%±4.6%of endothelial cells expressed the systemic arterial endothelial cellmarker EphrinB2,whereas later explants had 85.6%±5.4%of endothelial cells expressing EphrinB2(P< .05). In early autografts 43.0%±8.8%of interstitial cells expressed metalloproteinase 13, whereas late autografts had 11.4%±2.7%of interstitial cells expressing matrix metalloproteinase 13 (P< .05). Collagen content in autografts was comparable with that of normal valves and was higher than that seen in homograft valves (P< .005). However, autograft walls were damaged, with granulation tissue (early) and scarring, with focal loss of normal smooth muscle cells, elastin, and collagen (late). Conclusions The structure of pulmonary valves transplanted to the systemic circulation evolved toward that of normal aortic valves. Key processes in this remodeling included onset of a systemic endothelial cell phenotype and reversible plasticity of fibroblast-like valvular interstitial cells to myofibroblasts.
文摘OBJECTIVE To discuss the pathologic characteristics and theprognosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder(NECB)in order to assist in making a precise diagnosis and to effectivelytreat the disease.METHODS Clinicopathologic features of the 6 cases with NECBwere analyzed retrospectively.The personal data of the patientsand the pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics ofthe tumor were investigated.The follow-up of these patients wasconducted over a time period ranging from 3 months to 9 years.RESULTS Transurethral resection of the bladder tumorwas performed in all 6 patients.Based on the results of thepathologic examination,4 of the cases were diagnosed as smallcell neuroendocrine carcinoma and the other 2 were diagnosedas atypical carcinoid tumor.On immunohistochemical stainingall tumors expressed neuroendocrine markers includingneuronspecific enolase(CD56),synaptophysin(Syn)andchromogranin(CgA).In patients receiving partial cystectomyfollowed by postoperative chemotherapy,relapse was found in 4of the 6 cases on follow up.CONCLUSION NECB is a rare entity and a tumor with highmalignant potential and characteristic pathologic features.Hematuria is the cardinal symptom of NECB.Metastasis mayoccur at an early stage and the prognosis of the disease is poor.Final diagnosis of NECB depends on histopathologic examinationand immunohistochemical assays.Surgical excision combinedwith radiotherapy and chemotherapy is considered an effectivetreatment.
基金Supported by Henan Natural Science Fund project(No. 102300410024)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe E-calcium sticky protein(E-cadherin) expression in kidney tissues in a rat model of unilateral ureter ligation and the effect of Yishen Huayu Fang(formula of tonifying the kidney and dissolving accumulated blood stasis) on the expression.METHODS:A total of 150 clean grade male rats were randomly divided into a control group,model group,low-dose Yishen Huayu Fang group(low-dose group),high-dose Yishen Huayu Fang group(high-dose group),and Lotensin group.A renal fibrosis model was established with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).Pathological changes of rat renal tissue were observed with light microscopy on days 3,7,14,21,and 28 after UUO.Changes in kidney tissue E-cadherin expression were observed with immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Three days after modeling,kidney edema appeared followed by gradual inflammatory cell infiltration,and part of the small tubules disappeared while the renal cortex thinned.Meanwhile,the E-cadherin expression level dropped,which was negatively correlated with the obstruction time.After intervention,E-cadherin expression was increased in all treatment groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between the high-dose and Lotensin groups.CONCLUSION:Yishen Huayu Fang delays the renal fibrosis process by promoting E-cadherin expression in renal tissues and reducing extracellular matrix deposition.
