亚致死剂量呋虫胺对意大利蜜蜂采集蜂免疫解毒相关基因表达和酶活性的影响

为确定呋虫胺对意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica采集蜂的亚致死浓度,探究亚致死剂量呋虫胺对意大利蜜蜂采集蜂免疫解毒相关基因的表达及酶活性的影响,本研究采用饲喂法测定呋虫胺对意大利蜜蜂采集蜂的毒力曲线。应用qRT-PCR技术研究LC_(20)和LC_(50)浓度呋虫胺对蜜蜂Abaecin,Apidaecins,Defensin-1,Hymenoptaecin,AChE-2,PPO,GST及Cyp 450 mRNA相对表达量的影响。测定蜜蜂体内多酚氧化酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和过氧化氢酶活性的变化。结果表明,呋虫胺胁迫意大利蜜蜂采集蜂的LC_(20)和LC_(50)为0.458 mg·L^(-1)和0.988 mg·L^(-1)。LC_(20)组中PPO、Apidaecins、Defensin-1和Hymenoptaecin基因表达量与对照组相比有显著(P<0.05)上调趋势,LC_(50)组中AChE-2、PPO、GST、Cyp450、Apidaecins和Defensin-1表达量有显著上调趋势,Abaecin和Hymenoptaecin基因表达量有显著下调趋势,且LC_(50)组中的abaecin和Hymenoptaecin表达量均显著低于LC_(20)组,AChE-2、PPO、GST、Cyp 450和Apidaecins基因表达量显著高于LC_(20)组。LC_(20)组与对照组相比,AChE、CAT和SOD活性均显著下降;LC_(50)组与对照组相比,AChE、PPO、CAT和SOD活性均显著下降。呋虫胺抑制Abaecin和Hymenoptaecin基因表达,诱导Apidaecins、Defensin-1、AChE-2、PPO、GST和Cyp 450基因的表达,影响正常的免疫系统。AChE、PPO、CAT和SOD活性的下降预示着呋虫胺对蜜蜂解毒系统的损害,本试验为探究呋虫胺对意大利蜜蜂生理和代谢的影响提供理论依据。

免疫解毒疗法的现状及展望(文献综述)

免疫解毒疗法(Immunotoxicotherapy,ITT)是指使用特异性的毒素抗体或其片段对毒素进行治疗性解毒的方法。用抗蛇毒素中和蛇或昆虫产生的蛋白质毒物已有30多年历史,本世纪七十年代已证实服用地高辛抗体能解洋地黄中毒。

西方蜜蜂对氟吡呋喃酮和吡虫啉胁迫的响应

因新烟碱类农药对蜜蜂高毒,作为其潜在替代品的氟吡呋喃酮(Flupyradifurone,FPF)受到广泛关注。由于FPF被认为对“蜜蜂安全”,可在作物开花期使用,因而蜜蜂可能存在长期接触FPF的现象。农药胁迫下蜜蜂机体生理指标的响应是解析农药慢性毒性的基础。本文比较了FPF和吡虫啉(Imidacloprid,IMI)对蜜蜂存活率、解毒和氧化应激相关酶类以及免疫和凋亡相关基因表达的影响,结果表明,两种农药对哺育蜂的慢性经口毒性相近,均显著降低存活率,导致中肠组织损伤和细胞死亡,并且引起氧化应激、解毒和免疫反应。此外,幸存蜜蜂可能通过抑制过氧化物酶活性和下调细胞凋亡基因表达耐受农药胁迫。以上结果为解析两种农药慢性毒性和抗农药蜂种选育提供一定的理论依据。

计算机病毒的发展趋势与防治

计算机技术发展越来越快,使得计算机病毒技术与计算机反病毒技术的对抗也越来越尖锐。为了能够更好地开发反病毒技术、防止病毒疫情的蔓延、保障信息产业的健康发展,是当前的重中之重。

Effects of Cadmium on the Energy Substances and Immune Detoxification Enzyme System of Infected Pirata subpiraticus

In order to investigate the effects of cadmium on the immune defense function of spiders infected with bacteria,Pirata subpiraticus was taken as research object,and the cadmium-treated group and the control group were all infected with bacteria(S.aureus and E.coli).After 6 and 24 h of infection,the energy substances contents and the activity of immune detoxification enzyme system in Pirata subpiraticus were determined.The results showed that after 6 and 24 h of infection with S.aureus and 6 h of infection with E.coli,the amount of soluble sugars and soluble proteins of Pirata subpiraticus in the cadmium-treated group increased significantly.Compared with the control,after 6 h of infection with S.aureus and 24 h of infection with E.coli,the activity of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)of Pirata subpiraticus in the cadmium-treated group decreased significantly.This indicated that cadmium inhibited the activity of AChE in infected Pirata subpiraticus.After 24 h of infection with S.aureus and 6 h of infection with E.coli,the activity of polyphenol oxidase(PPO)was signicantly higher than that of the control,indicating that cadmium induced the activity of PPO in infected Pirata subpiraticus.These results suggested that cadmium can affect the content of energy substance and immune detoxification enzyme activity in infected Pirata subpiraticus.