Objective. In the third quarter of 2001, the National Immunization Survey (NIS) began collecting data on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding and whet her it was the exclusive method of infant feeding. Using t...Objective. In the third quarter of 2001, the National Immunization Survey (NIS) began collecting data on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding and whet her it was the exclusive method of infant feeding. Using the data from the 2002 NIS, this study estimates breastfeeding rates in the United States by characteristics of the child, mother, or family. Methods. The NIS uses random-digit dialing to survey households nationwide with children 19 to 35 months old about vaccinations and then validates the information through a mail survey of the health care providers who gave the vaccinations. In 2002, ～3500 households from the NIS were randomized to 1 of the 3 rotating topical modules that covered breastfeeding. Results. More than two thirds (71.4%) of the children had ever been breastfed. At 3 months, 42.5%of infants were exclusively breastfed, and 51.5%were breastfed to some extent. At 6 months, these rates dropped to 13.3%and 35.1%, respectively. At 1 year, 16.1%of infants were receiving some breast milk. Non-Hispanic black children had the lowest breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding rates also varied by participation in day care or the Women, Infants, and Children program, socioeconomic status, and geographic area of residence. Conclusions. Although the rate of breastfeeding initiation in the United States is near the national goal of 75%, at 6 and 12 months postpartum the rates of breastfeeding duration are still considerably below the national goals of 50%and 25%, respectively. In addition, rates of exclusive breastfeeding are low. Strenuous public health efforts are needed to improve breastfeeding behaviors, particularly among non-Hispanic black women and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.展开更多
目的了解北京市朝阳区不同户籍儿童监护人预防接种知识、态度、行为(Knowledge,Attitude and Practice,KAP)情况。方法采用系统抽样法,选取在北京市朝阳区连续居住半年以上,年龄范围在1~3岁的儿童及其监护人作为调查对象。采用问卷调查...目的了解北京市朝阳区不同户籍儿童监护人预防接种知识、态度、行为(Knowledge,Attitude and Practice,KAP)情况。方法采用系统抽样法,选取在北京市朝阳区连续居住半年以上,年龄范围在1~3岁的儿童及其监护人作为调查对象。采用问卷调查法,由经过培训的调查员入户调查儿童监护人预防接种KAP情况,采用多指标平均加权评分法评定KAP调查结果。结果本次调查共收集643份问卷。监护人KAP综合评分结果显示,知识评分>4分者占85.4%(549/643),态度评分>4分者占79.3%(510/643),行为评分>4分者占91.0%(585/643)。结论北京市朝阳区儿童监护人预防接种KAP情况良好,本地户籍与外省户籍监护人平均得分差异没有统计学意义,但仍有少数分值偏低的人群,应对此类人群采取针对性措施,改善其知信行情况,提高儿童预防接种率。展开更多
文摘Objective. In the third quarter of 2001, the National Immunization Survey (NIS) began collecting data on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding and whet her it was the exclusive method of infant feeding. Using the data from the 2002 NIS, this study estimates breastfeeding rates in the United States by characteristics of the child, mother, or family. Methods. The NIS uses random-digit dialing to survey households nationwide with children 19 to 35 months old about vaccinations and then validates the information through a mail survey of the health care providers who gave the vaccinations. In 2002, ～3500 households from the NIS were randomized to 1 of the 3 rotating topical modules that covered breastfeeding. Results. More than two thirds (71.4%) of the children had ever been breastfed. At 3 months, 42.5%of infants were exclusively breastfed, and 51.5%were breastfed to some extent. At 6 months, these rates dropped to 13.3%and 35.1%, respectively. At 1 year, 16.1%of infants were receiving some breast milk. Non-Hispanic black children had the lowest breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding rates also varied by participation in day care or the Women, Infants, and Children program, socioeconomic status, and geographic area of residence. Conclusions. Although the rate of breastfeeding initiation in the United States is near the national goal of 75%, at 6 and 12 months postpartum the rates of breastfeeding duration are still considerably below the national goals of 50%and 25%, respectively. In addition, rates of exclusive breastfeeding are low. Strenuous public health efforts are needed to improve breastfeeding behaviors, particularly among non-Hispanic black women and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
文摘目的了解北京市朝阳区不同户籍儿童监护人预防接种知识、态度、行为(Knowledge,Attitude and Practice,KAP)情况。方法采用系统抽样法,选取在北京市朝阳区连续居住半年以上,年龄范围在1~3岁的儿童及其监护人作为调查对象。采用问卷调查法,由经过培训的调查员入户调查儿童监护人预防接种KAP情况,采用多指标平均加权评分法评定KAP调查结果。结果本次调查共收集643份问卷。监护人KAP综合评分结果显示,知识评分>4分者占85.4%(549/643),态度评分>4分者占79.3%(510/643),行为评分>4分者占91.0%(585/643)。结论北京市朝阳区儿童监护人预防接种KAP情况良好,本地户籍与外省户籍监护人平均得分差异没有统计学意义,但仍有少数分值偏低的人群,应对此类人群采取针对性措施,改善其知信行情况,提高儿童预防接种率。
