调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)是一类能够抑制自身免疫反应、特异性表达Foxp3、分泌IL-10和TGF-β等细胞内因子的CD4+T淋巴细胞亚群。其作用机制是通过调控性抑制效应性T细胞、肥大细胞、树状细胞及B细胞的活性和免疫反应,在预...调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)是一类能够抑制自身免疫反应、特异性表达Foxp3、分泌IL-10和TGF-β等细胞内因子的CD4+T淋巴细胞亚群。其作用机制是通过调控性抑制效应性T细胞、肥大细胞、树状细胞及B细胞的活性和免疫反应,在预防自身免疫性疾病及肿瘤免疫和抑制耐受方面发挥关键作用。当其功能或数量发生异常变化时,会导致多种自身免疫性疾病的发生。同时,调节性T细胞免疫疗法有可能成为治疗自身免疫性疾病的新途径。本文对CD4+C25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞在自身免疫性疾病中的研究进展进行综述。展开更多
Currently approved treatments for hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection include the immunomodulatory agent, IFN-α, and nucleos（t）ide analogues. Their efficacy is limited by their side effects, as well as the inductio...Currently approved treatments for hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection include the immunomodulatory agent, IFN-α, and nucleos（t）ide analogues. Their efficacy is limited by their side effects, as well as the induction of viral mutations that render them less potent. It is thus necessary to develop drugs that target additional viral antigens. Chemicals and biomaterials by unique methods of preventing HBV replication are currently being developed, including novel nucleosides and newly synthesized compounds such as capsid assembling and mRNA transcription inhibitors. Molecular therapies that target different stages of the HBV life cycle will aid current methods to manage chronic hepatitis B （CriB） infection. The use of immunomodulators and gene therapy are also under consideration. This report summarizes the most recent treatment possibilities for CHB infection. Emerging therapies and their potential mechanisms, efficacy, and pitfalls are discussed.展开更多
Corticosteroids and immunomodulators have been the mainstay therapies for Crohn’s disease. Corticosteroids are highly effective to control symptoms in the short- term, but they are not effective in maintaining remiss...Corticosteroids and immunomodulators have been the mainstay therapies for Crohn’s disease. Corticosteroids are highly effective to control symptoms in the short- term, but they are not effective in maintaining remission, they heal the mucosa in a reduced proportion of cases, and long-time exposure is associated with an increased risk of infections and mortality. Immunomodulators, azathioprine and methotrexate, heal the mucosa in a higher proportion of patients that corticosteroids but their onset of action is slow and they benefit less than half of patients with Crohn’s disease. In the last decade, medical therapy for Crohn’s disease has experienced a remarkable change due to the introduction of biologic therapy, and particularly the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha agents. Infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab pegol have demonstrated efficacy for induction and maintenance of remission in active Crohn’s disease. These agents have raised the bar for what is a suitable symptomatic response in Crohn’s disease and modification of the natural history of the disease has become a major goal in the treatment of Crohn’s disease. There are several data in the literature that suggest that early use of biologic therapy and achievement of mucosal healing contribute to disease course modification. However, many questions on early biological therapy for Crohn’s disease remain still unanswered.展开更多
文摘调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)是一类能够抑制自身免疫反应、特异性表达Foxp3、分泌IL-10和TGF-β等细胞内因子的CD4+T淋巴细胞亚群。其作用机制是通过调控性抑制效应性T细胞、肥大细胞、树状细胞及B细胞的活性和免疫反应,在预防自身免疫性疾病及肿瘤免疫和抑制耐受方面发挥关键作用。当其功能或数量发生异常变化时,会导致多种自身免疫性疾病的发生。同时,调节性T细胞免疫疗法有可能成为治疗自身免疫性疾病的新途径。本文对CD4+C25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞在自身免疫性疾病中的研究进展进行综述。
基金the National Basic Research Program, No. 2005CB522902the Municipal Science and Technique Program, H030230150130
文摘Currently approved treatments for hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection include the immunomodulatory agent, IFN-α, and nucleos（t）ide analogues. Their efficacy is limited by their side effects, as well as the induction of viral mutations that render them less potent. It is thus necessary to develop drugs that target additional viral antigens. Chemicals and biomaterials by unique methods of preventing HBV replication are currently being developed, including novel nucleosides and newly synthesized compounds such as capsid assembling and mRNA transcription inhibitors. Molecular therapies that target different stages of the HBV life cycle will aid current methods to manage chronic hepatitis B （CriB） infection. The use of immunomodulators and gene therapy are also under consideration. This report summarizes the most recent treatment possibilities for CHB infection. Emerging therapies and their potential mechanisms, efficacy, and pitfalls are discussed.
文摘Corticosteroids and immunomodulators have been the mainstay therapies for Crohn’s disease. Corticosteroids are highly effective to control symptoms in the short- term, but they are not effective in maintaining remission, they heal the mucosa in a reduced proportion of cases, and long-time exposure is associated with an increased risk of infections and mortality. Immunomodulators, azathioprine and methotrexate, heal the mucosa in a higher proportion of patients that corticosteroids but their onset of action is slow and they benefit less than half of patients with Crohn’s disease. In the last decade, medical therapy for Crohn’s disease has experienced a remarkable change due to the introduction of biologic therapy, and particularly the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha agents. Infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab pegol have demonstrated efficacy for induction and maintenance of remission in active Crohn’s disease. These agents have raised the bar for what is a suitable symptomatic response in Crohn’s disease and modification of the natural history of the disease has become a major goal in the treatment of Crohn’s disease. There are several data in the literature that suggest that early use of biologic therapy and achievement of mucosal healing contribute to disease course modification. However, many questions on early biological therapy for Crohn’s disease remain still unanswered.
