唐宋时期省试落第者再试权力考

唐、五代时期省试落第举子再试仍需要取解,但相对容易,且取解地点要求不严格,还有拔解现象。五代、宋落第举子一定举数后,可以享有免解特权。梳理省试落第举子再试问题,是对科举落第问题研究的进一步深入。

中华金叶榆应用技术

中华金叶榆(Ulmus pumilacv.Jinye)目前已在全国范围内得到推广,结合实际生产中遇到的问题,总结了5种针对不同观赏要求的应用技术,包括摘叶促芽技术、免解绑嫁接技术、乔木型造型应用技术、灌丛型应用技术、造型苗应用技术。

Free radical reaction model for n-pentane pyrolysis

A mathematical mechanism of the n-pentane pyrolysis process based on free radical reaction model was presented.The kinetic parameters of n-pentane pyrolysis are obtained by quantum chemistry and the reaction network is established. The solution of the stiff ordinary differential equations in the n-pentane pyrolysis model is completed by semi implicit Eular algorithm. Then the pyrolysis mechanism based on free radical reaction model is built,and the computational efficiency increases 10 times by algorithm optimization. The validity of this model and its solution method is confirmed by the experimental results of n-pentane pyrolysis.

补体检测的临床应用

补体不仅有自身稳定的保护作用,还可引起免疫性病理损伤。其测定方法有总补体活性溶血试验(CH50)和补体成分(C3、C4、C19等)测定两种。本文就目前补体检测的临床应用总结如下。1 流行性出血热（EHF） 谭永兰等系统地观察EHF免疫指标的动态变化,发现总补体及C3的降低和回升与病程、病情密切相关。CH50、C3持续显著低下者均处病程极期,若长期不能回升,则预后不良。故可作为观察病情、预测病程的指标。倪传源等测定73例EHF患者补体介导的溶解免疫复合物能力（CRA）,CH50、APCH50、C3、C4、CIC。

Effects of Cadmium on the Energy Substances and Immune Detoxification Enzyme System of Infected Pirata subpiraticus

In order to investigate the effects of cadmium on the immune defense function of spiders infected with bacteria,Pirata subpiraticus was taken as research object,and the cadmium-treated group and the control group were all infected with bacteria(S.aureus and E.coli).After 6 and 24 h of infection,the energy substances contents and the activity of immune detoxification enzyme system in Pirata subpiraticus were determined.The results showed that after 6 and 24 h of infection with S.aureus and 6 h of infection with E.coli,the amount of soluble sugars and soluble proteins of Pirata subpiraticus in the cadmium-treated group increased significantly.Compared with the control,after 6 h of infection with S.aureus and 24 h of infection with E.coli,the activity of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)of Pirata subpiraticus in the cadmium-treated group decreased significantly.This indicated that cadmium inhibited the activity of AChE in infected Pirata subpiraticus.After 24 h of infection with S.aureus and 6 h of infection with E.coli,the activity of polyphenol oxidase(PPO)was signicantly higher than that of the control,indicating that cadmium induced the activity of PPO in infected Pirata subpiraticus.These results suggested that cadmium can affect the content of energy substance and immune detoxification enzyme activity in infected Pirata subpiraticus.

Clinical importance of colonoscopy in patients with gastric neoplasm undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection

To evaluate the usefulness of total colonoscopy (TCS) for patients undergoing gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and to assess risk factors for colorectal neoplasms.METHODSOf the 263 patients who underwent ESD at our department between May 2010 and December 2013, 172 patients undergoing TCS during a one-year period before and after ESD were targeted. After excluding patients with a history of surgery or endoscopic therapy for colorectal neoplasms, 158 patients were analyzed. Of the 868 asymptomatic patients who underwent TCS during the same period because of positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results, 158 patients with no history of either surgery or endoscopic therapy for colorectal neoplasms who were matched for age and sex served as the control group for comparison.RESULTSTCS revealed adenoma less than 10 mm in 53 patients (33.6%), advanced adenoma in 17 (10.8%), early colorectal cancer in 5 (3.2%), and advanced colorectal cancer in 4 (2.5%). When the presence or absence of adenoma less than 10 mm, advanced adenoma, and colorectal cancer and the number of adenomas were compared between patients undergoing ESD and FIT-positive patients, there were no statistically significant differences in any of the parameters assessed. The patients undergoing ESD appeared to have the same risk of colorectal neoplasms as the FIT-positive patients. Colorectal neoplasms were clearly more common in men than in women (P = 0.031). Advanced adenoma and cancer were significantly more frequent in patients with at least two of the following conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.019).CONCLUSIONIn patients undergoing gastric ESD, TCS appears to be important for detecting synchronous double neoplasms. Advanced adenoma and cancer were more common in patients with at least two of the following conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Caution is therefore especially warranted in patients with these risk factors.

Expression and significance of ER and PR in differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between expressions of estrogen receptor （ER）, progesterone receptor （PR） and gender, age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, capsular invasion and histological type of differentiated thyroid carcinoma （DTC）. Methods： Seventy cases of DTC who received surgery in our hospital （No. 401 Hospital of People＇s Liberation Army, Qingdao, China） between January 2008 and December 2011 were selected. Among them, 61 cases were papillary carcinoma and 9 cases were follicular carcinoma. Twenty cases were normal thyroid tissue adjacent to the tumor which was used as control. Immunohistochemical SP method was employed to detect the expression of ER and PR. Results： The positive rates of ER and PR in tumor tissues of DTC patients were 21.4% （15/70） and 31.4% （22/70）, respectively, and no expression of ER or PR were founded in normal thyroid tissue （P 〈 0.01）. The expressions of ER and PR were related to the lymph node metastasis and capsular invasion （X2 = 16.913 and 6.327, P 〈 0.05; x2 = 7.516 and 12.727, P 〈 0.05）. No relationship was observed between the expressions of EPJPR and gender, age, and histological type （P 〉 0.05） of DTC patients. Conclusion： The expression levels of ER and PR in the tumor tissue of DTC patients were higher than those in the normal thyroid tissue nearby the tumor. Therefore, ER and PR expression might be clinical markers for DTC and its prognosis.

Effect of growth hormone on small intestinal homeostasis relation to cellular mediators IGF-I and IGFBP-3

AIM:To evaluate the effects of growth hormone(GH) on the histology of small intestines which might be related to the role of insulin like growth factor(IGF)-I, IGF-binding protein 3(IGFBP-3)and its receptors. METHODS:Twelve week-old adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups.The study group(n =10),received recombinant human growth hormone (rGH)at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day subcutaneously for 14 d and the control group(n=10)received physiologic serum.Paraffin sections of jejunum were stained with periodic acid shift(PAS)and hematoxylin and eosin(HE) for light microscopy.They were also examined for IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF-receptor immunoreactivities.Staining intensity was graded semi-quantitatively using the HS- CORE. RESULTS:Goblet cells and the cells in crypt epitheliawere significantly increased in the study group compared to that of the control group.We have demonstrated an increase of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 immunoreactivities in surface epithelium of the small intestine by GH application.IGF-I receptor immunoreactivities of crypt,villous columnar cells,enteroendocrine cells and muscularis mucosae were also more strongly positive in the study group compared to those of in the control group. CONCLUSION:These findings confirm the important trophic and protective role of GH in the homeostasis of the small intestine.The trophic effect is mediated by an increase in IGF-I synthesis in the small intestine, but the protective effect is not related to IGF-I.

Genotypic Analysis, Construction of the Expression System and Immunological Identification of the Recombinant Proteins of the LipL32 Gene in the Dominant Serogroups of Leptospira interrogans in China

To investigate the existence of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) gene LipL32 in 15 dominant Chinese strains of 15 serogroups of Leptospira interrogans and 2 international strains of 2 serogroups of Leptospira biflexa, and to clone and construct the expression system as well as to identify the recombinant proteins, genomic DNAs from strains of leptospira were prepared by routine phenol-chloroform method, and the fragments of the LipL32 gene with the whole length from the strains were amplified with high fidelity PCR. The target amplification products were sequenced after T-A cloning, and the expression system for the genes were thereby constructed. Expression of the recombinant proteins was identified by using SDS-PAGE after induction with IPTG at different dosages. Western blot assays with rabbit antiserum against the whole cell of TR/PatocⅠ of Leptospira and immunized serum with rMOMPs were used to determine the immunoreactivity and immunogenicity of the recombinant proteins. Microscopic agglutination test was used to determine the cross- agglutination titres in rabbit sera immunized with rMOMPs, and the cell adherence model of Leptospira was used to examine the blocking effects of rabbit antisera against these rMOMPs. It was found that the LipL32 gene could be found in all the 17 strains of Leptospira mentioned above with two different genotypes, i.e. LipL32/1 and LipL32/2. Amounts of expressions of rMOMP1 and rMOMP2 after IPTG accounted for 40% and 10% of the total bacterial proteins respectively. Both rMOMP1 and rMOMP2 could combine with the rabbit antiserum against leptospiral TR/PatocⅠ, and could induce the production of agglutination antibodies to these 17 strains of Leptospira with 1∶2 to 1∶64 MAT titres. The rabbit anti-rMOMP1 and anti-MOMP2 antibodies at 1∶2 to 1∶16 dilutions could efficiently block adherence of Leptospira. It concludes that all the Leptospira tested in the present study possess LipL32/1 or LipL32/2 genes, and the constructed expression system can express the rMOMP1 and rMOMP2. These recombinant proteins are showed to have good immunogenicity and satisfactory immunoreactivity.

A fractional-order model of HIV infection： Numerical solution and comparisons with data of patients

In this paper, a fractional-order model which describes the human immunodeficiency type-1 virus （HIV-1） infection is presented. Numerical solutions are obtained using a generalized Euler method （GEM） to handle the fractional derivatives. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. We show that the model established in this paper possesses non-negative solutions. Comparisons between the results of the fractional-order model, the results of the integer model and the measured real data obtained from 10 patients during primary HIV-1 infection are presented. These compar- isons show that the results of the fractional-order model give predictions to the plasma virus load of the patients better than those of the integer model.

Effects of Saikosaponin-D on syndecan-2,matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 in rats with hepatocellular carcinoma

OBJECTIVE:To investigate effects of Saikosaponin D(SSd) on syndecan-2,matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2(TIMP-2) in livers of rat with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:Male SD rats were divided into control(n=10),model(n=20) and SSd(n=20) groups,and model and SSd groups given intragastric 0.2%(w/v) N-diethylnitrosamine to induce HCC.SSd group received 0.03%(w/v) SSd in saline.Liver samples were analysed immunohistochemically for syndecan-2,MMP-2,MMP-13 and TIMP-2 at 16 weeks.RESULTS:The model group had more malignant nodules than the SSd group;all model-group HCC cells were grade III;SSd-group HCC cells were grades I-II.Controls showed normal hepatic cell phenotypes and no syndecan-2 + staining.Syndecan-2 + staining was greater in the model group(35.2%,P≤0.001) than in controls or the SSd group(16.5%,P ≤ 0.001).The model group had more intense MMP-2 + staining than controls(0.37 vs 0.27,P≤0.01) or the SSd group(0.31 vs 0.37,P≤0.05);and higher MMP-13 + staining(72.55%) than in controls(12.55%,P≤0.001) and SSd group(20.18%,P≤0.01).The model group also had more TIMP-2 + staining(57.2%) than controls(20.9%,P≤0.001) and SSd group(22.7%,P≤0.001).Controls and SSd group showed no difference in TIMP-2 + rates.CONCLUSION:SSd inhibited HCC development,and downregulated expression of syndecan-2,MMP-2,MMP-13 and TIMP-2 in rat HCC liver tissue.

Kicking down the ladder： adding cleavable features to genetically encoded photocrosslinkers

Protein-protein interactions(PPIs)play vital roles in biological processes.However,the discovery of transient and biologically relevant PPIs remain a formidable challenge using conventional strategies such as co-immunoprecipitation(CoIP),yeast two hybrids(Y2H)and Forster resonance energy transfer(FRET)[1].Genetically encoded photocrosslinkers have recently emerged as a powerful approach for probing intracellular PPIs with the capability for in situ studies,low perturbation to cells as well as the wide generality.This facile strategy also demonstrated an advantage of high spatiotemporal resolution,which offers a robust capture strategy for the discovery of transient and/or weak PPIs with lowered false-positive backgrounds[2].

T lymphocytes and aortic aneurysms

Aortic aneurysms are common and life threatening problems with high rates of death.The initiation and progression of aneurysms are characterized by extensive extracellular matrix degradation and immune cells invasion within arterial wall.During the pathogenesis of all aneurysms,inflammation and immune cells play a significant role.Although T cells are abundant in aneurysm tissue,their functions in initiation and propagation of aneurysms remain unclear.This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of T lymphocytes on this disease and focuses on potential mechanisms of specific T cell responses.