关于Kaczmarz的一类加速免伪逆贪婪块方法

块贪婪Kaczmarz方法在解决大规模一致线性系统方面取得了成功应用。然而在每次迭代步骤中,GBK方法都涉及伪逆计算,这不仅复杂化了计算并减慢了收敛速度,且不适合分布式实现。在本文中基于Sketching技术提出了两种免伪逆计算的GBK方法,分别是杠杆得分抽样免伪逆GBK方法和稀疏随机投影免伪逆GBK方法,其算法效率更加高效,收敛速度可以达到指数收敛。为了进一步加快收敛速度,我们还提出了CountSketch免伪逆重力球GBK方法、杠杆得分抽样免伪逆重力球GBK方法和稀疏随机投影免伪逆重力球GBK方法。为了验证新方法的有效性,我们进行了一些数值示例。结果表明,这些新方法在解决大规模一致线性系统方面具有很高的效率和准确性。

增值税“免、抵、退”计算解读

"免、抵、退"税设计原理精巧,但由于计算依据、征税与退税率存在差异等原因,使其计算步骤较多、较为费解。本文通过对各计算步骤的分解说明,分析了"免、抵、退"税相关计算方法的实质,帮助学生深入理解和正确运用增值税"免、抵、退"税方法。

真比例打板尺提高服装打板效率

服装打板是一项很重要的承上启下的工作环节,在服装企业中具有相当重要的作用。如何在保证打板精度的同时,提高操作的速度?这一直是个难点问题。真比例服装打板尺的出现,有效地解决了速度与精度兼顾的问题。

平面并联机构正运动学分析的几何建模和免消元计算

为了解决三自由度平面并联机构的正运动学分析建模和求解时,需要建立坐标系和消元的问题,基于共形几何代数(Conformal geometric algebra, CGA)提出一种脱离坐标系的几何建模和免消元计算方法。在共形几何代数框架下通过基本几何体的相交、分离和对偶运算,表示出动平台上的两个铰链位置;根据动平台三角形面积的有向性,并经过一系列的几何代数运算和化简推导出该问题的特征多项式方程;通过半角正切变换、欧拉变换或不需要任何变换可直接获得任意构型的平面并联机构正运动学分析的一元高次方程。特征多项式方程的推导脱离了坐标系,不需要经过消元,且不需要任何前提条件。数字实例求解表明提出的方法对于特殊构型和一般构型的平面并联机构都是适用的,验证了算法的正确性,结果表明算法数值鲁棒性好,为平面并联机构运动学求解理论提供了一种新思路。

数学模型裁剪法

当前服装裁剪方法多种多样,已注册或申请了专利的方法在我国就有200多项。但目前比较有代表性的方法一般有平面裁剪和立体裁剪两大类。在平面裁剪中,尤以原型裁剪法和比例裁剪法影响最为深远。但该两种裁剪方法各成体系,在操作方法上互相难免有冲突的成分。模型法的提出,目的是将两者有机地统一起来,创造全新的高效的裁剪制图操作体系。

Calculation of Maximum Allowable Free Span Length and Safety Assessment of the DF1-1 Submarine Pipeline

The DFI-1 submarine pipeline was investigated using a dual-frequency side-scan sonar and a swath sounder system. More than a hundred scour pits under the pipeline were found, most of which have caused the span of the pipeline to increase and threatened its safety. The maximum allowable free span length （MAFSL） of the pipeline was determined through the limitations re- garding maximum allowable stress under static or quasi-static loads and the onset of Vortex Induced Vibrations （VIV） under different hydrodynamic actions. The results show that the MAFSL under static conditions is 56m. However, the MAFSLs are 30m and 20m under ordinary weather conditions and hurricane-induced currents for the 100-year return period, respectively, to avoid VIV as cal- culated by using the highest safety class factor. It is suggested that spanning pipelines longer than 20 m should be supported. Addi- tionally, eight successive spans which may also threaten the pipeline were proposed. The most hazardous scour pits are along the pipeline section from KP42 to KP51.

IMMUNE RBF NETWORK AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE MODULATION-STYLE RECOGNITION OF RADAR SIGNALS

Based on Immune Programming(IP), a novel Radial Basis Function (RBF) networkdesigning method is proposed. Through extracting the preliminary knowledge about the widthof the basis function as the vaccine to form the immune operator, the algorithm reduces thesearching space of canonical algorithm and improves the convergence speed. The application ofthe RBF network trained with the algorithm in the modulation-style recognition of radar signalsdemonstrates that the network has a fast convergence speed with good performances.

Differences between diffuse and focal autoimmune pancreatitis

AIM:To investigate differences in clinical features between diffuse-and focal-type autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP).METHODS:Based on radiological findings by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging,we divided 67 AIP patients into diffuse type(D type) and focal type(F type).We further divided F type into head type(H type) and body and/or tail type(B/T type) according to the location of enlargement.Finally,we classified the 67 AIP patients into three groups:D type,H type and B/T type.We compared the three types of AIP in terms of clinical,laboratory,radiological,functional and histological findings and clinical course.RESULTS:There were 34 patients with D-type,19 with H-type and 14 with B/T-type AIP.Although obstructive jaundice was frequently detected in D-typepatients(88%) and H-type patients(68%),no B/T-type patients showed jaundice as an initial symptom(P < 0.001).There were no differences in frequency of abdominal pain,but acute pancreatitis was associated more frequently in B/T-type patients(36%) than in D-type patients(3%)(P = 0.017).Serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)4 levels were significantly higher in D-type patients(median 309 mg/dL) than in B/T-type patients(133.5 mg/dL)(P = 0.042).Serum amylase levels in B/T-type patients(median:114 IU/L) were significantly greater than in H-type patients(72 IU/L)(P = 0.049).Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis(LPSP) was histologically confirmed in 6 D-type,7 H-type and 4 B/T-type patients;idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis was observed in no patients.Marked fibrosis and abundant infiltration of CD20-positive B lymphocytes with few IgG4-positive plasma cells were detected in 2 B/T-type patients.Steroid therapy was effective in all 50 patients(31 D type,13 H type and 6 B/T type).Although AIP relapsed during tapering or after stopping steroids in 3 D-type and 3 H-type patients,no patients relapsed in B/T type.During follow-up,radiological features of 6 B/T-type patients were not changed and 1 B/T-type patient improved naturally.CONCLUSION:Clinical features of H-type AIP were similar to those of D-type,but B/T-type differed from D and H types.B/T-type may involve diseases other than LPSP.

Clinical significance of connective tissue growth factor in hepatitis B virus-induced hepatic fibrosis

AIM:To determine the utility of connective tissue growth factor(CCN2/CTGF) for assessing hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-induced chronic liver diseases(CLD-B).METHODS:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure CCN2 in sera from 107 patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and 39 patients with HBVinduced active liver cirrhosis and 30 healthy individuals.Liver samples from 31 patients with CHB,8 patients with HBV-induced liver cirrhosis and 8 HBV carriers with normal liver histology were examined for transforming growth factor β-1(TGF-β1) or CCN2 mRNA levels by in situ hybridization,and computer image analysis was performed to measure integrated optimal density(IOD) of CCN2 mRNA-positive cells in liver tissues.Histological inflammation grading and fibrosis staging were evaluated by H and E staining and Van Gieson's method.RESULTS:Serum CCN2 concentrations were,respectively,4.0-or 4.9-fold higher in patients with CHB or active liver cirrhosis as compared to healthy individuals(P < 0.01).There was good consistency between the levels of CCN2 in sera and CCN2 mRNA expression in liver tissues(r = 0.87,P < 0.01).The levels of CCN2 in sera were increased with the enhancement of histological fibrosis staging in patients with CLD-B(r = 0.85,P < 0.01).Serum CCN2 was a reliable marker for the assessment of liver fibrosis,with areas under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves(AUC) of 0.94 or 0.85 for,respectively,distinguishing normal liver controls from patients with F1 stage liver fibrosis or discriminating between mild and significant fibrosis.CONCLUSION:Detection of serum CCN2 in patients with CLD-B may have clinical significance for assessment of severity of hepatic fibrosis.

Association between autoimmune pancreatitis and systemic autoimmune diseases

AIM: To investigate the association between autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) by measurement of serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4). METHODS: The serum level of IgG4 was measured in 61 patients with SAIDs of different types who had not yet participated in glucocorticosteroid treatment. Patients with an elevated IgG4 level were examined by abdominal ultrasonography (US) and, in some cases, by computer tomography (CT). RESULTS: Elevated serum IgG4 levels (919 ± 996 mg/L) were detected in 17 (28%) of the 61 SAID patients. 10 patients had Sj gren's syndrome (SS) (IgG4: 590 ± 232 mg/L), 2 of them in association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 7 patients (IgG4: 1388 ± 985.5 mg/L) had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The IgG4 level in the SLE patients and that in patients with SS were not significantly different from that in AIP patients (783 ± 522 mg/L). Abdominal US and CT did not reveal any characteristic features of AIP among the SAID patients with an elevated IgG4 level. CONCLUSION: The serum IgG4 level may be elevated in SAIDs without the presence of AIP. The determination of serum IgG4 does not seem to be suitable for the differentiation between IgG4-related diseases and SAIDs.

A case of hepatic angiomyolipoma difficult to distinguish from hepatocellular carcinoma

We report a case of hepatic angiomyolipoma with uncommon clinical features. A 56-year-old man presented with a hepatic tumor in the caudate lobe. The tumor was hypoechoic on ultrasonography, showed early-phase hyperattenuation on enhanced computed tomography and did not absorb iron on superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Hepatocellular carcinoma was highly suspected, and the patient underwent hepatic resection. Histologically, the tumor was mainly composed of smooth muscle cells and contained small amounts of adipose cells and blood vessels. On immunohistochemical staining, the smooth muscle cells were positive for a melanocytic cell-specific monoclonal antibody. In cases with uncommon features of angiomyolipoma, it is quite difficult to distinguish angiomyolipoma from hepatocellular carcinoma.

Extramedullary plasmocytoma associated with a massive deposit of amyloid in the duodenum

We report a rare case of extramedullary plasmocytoma associated with a massive deposit of amyloid in the duodenum. A 72-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital presenting with a 3-mo history of epigastric pain, vomiting and weight loss. On computed tomography （CT） a wall thickening of the fourth part of the duodenum was observed. Multiple biopsies obtained from the lesion showed infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes, but they were not conclusive. The patient underwent resection of the lesion and, on histopathological examination, the lesion consisted of a dense and diffuse infiltrate of plasma cells and a few admixed lymphocytes with reactive follicles extending to the muscular propria. An extensive deposition of amyloid was also observed. Immunohistochemical stains revealed that a few plasmacytoid cells showed λ light chain staining, though most were κ： light chain positive. These cells also were positive for CD138 and CD56 but negative for CD20 and CD79. The findings were consistent with extramedullary plasmocytoma associated with a massive deposit of amyloid in duodenum. A subsequent workup for multiple myeloma was completely negative. The patient showed no signs of local recurrence or dissemination of the disease after 12 mo follow-up. Because of the association of plasmocytoma and amyloidosis, the patient must be followed up because of the possible systemic involvement of the neoplasm and amyloidosis in future.

A Hierarchical Virus Immunization Method for Community Networks

Due to the enormous harm of virus propagation,research regarding virus immunizations still absolutely necessary.In comparison to current researches,a new virus immunization method the hierarchical virus immunization method(HVIM) for community networks is proposed.Based on the virus transmission dynamic model SusceptibleInfectious-Removed and SusceptibleRemoved(SIRSR),HVIM considered the influence of external factors on the spread of viruses and only needs a portion of the network structure to be able to carry out immunization.Another pro for HVIM is that it is scalable and suitable for parallel computing which is a requirement in the big data era.Finally,a simulation dataset and a real dataset were used to run experiments,and the results of simulation showed that HVIM obviously is superior to others on the aspect of immunity.

An aortoduodenal fistula as a complication of immunoglobulin G4-related disease

Most primary aortoduodenal fistulas occur in the presence of an aortic aneurysm,which can be part of immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related sclerosing disease.We present a case who underwent endovascular grafting of an aortoduodenal fistula associated with a high serum IgG4 level.A 56-year-old male underwent urgent endovascular reconstruction of an aortoduodenal fistula.The patient received antibiotics and other supportive therapy,and the postoperative course was uneventful,however,elevated levels of serum IgG,IgG4 and C-reactive protein were noted,which normalized after the introduction of steroid therapy.Control computed tomography angiography showed no endoleaks.The primary aortoduodenal fistula may have been associated with IgG4-related sclerosing disease as a possible complication of IgG4-related inflammatory aortic aneurysm.Endovascular grafting of a primary aortoduodenal fistula is an effective and minimally invasive alternative to standard surgical repair.

Free Search Algorithm Based Estimation in WSN Location

This paper proposes a novel intelligent estimation algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network nodes location based on Free Search,which converts parameter estimation to on-line optimization of nonlinear function and estimates the coordinates of senor nodes using the Free Search optimization.Compared to the least-squares estimation algorithms,the localization accuracy has been increased significantly,which has been verified by the simulation results.

Newly developed autoimmune cholangitis without relapse of autoimmune pancreatitis after discontinuing prednisolone

A 57-year-old man presented with a 2-wk history of painless jaundice and weight Iossl He had a large ill- defined enhancing mass-like lesion in the uncinate pro- cess of the pancreas with stricture of the distal common bile duct. Aspiration cytology of the pancreatic mass demonstrated inflammatory cells without evidence of malignancy. Total serum immunoglobulin G level was slightly elevated, but IgG4 level was normal. After the 2-wk 40 mg prednisolone trial, the patient＇s symptoms and bilirubin level improved significantly. A follow-up computed tomography （CT） scan showed a dramatic resolution of the pancreatic lesion. A low dose steroid was continued. After six months he self-discontinued prednisolone for 3 wk, and was presented with jaundice again. ACT scan showed newly developed intrahepatic biliary dilatation and marked concentric wall thickening of the common hepatic duct and the proximal common bile duct without pancreatic aggravation. The patient＇ s IgG4 level was elevated to 2.51 g/L. Prednisolone was started again, after which his serum bilirubin level became normal and the thickening of the bile duct was resolved. This case suggests that autoimmune pancre- atitis can progress to other organs that are not involved at the initial diagnosis, even with sustained pancreatic remission.

Synchronous primary cancer of the rectum and lung:a case report

Multiple primary cancers refer to the condition where more than two cancers occur independently in an individual. The incidence of lung cancer in cases of colorectal cancer is rare and synchronous rectal cancer and lung cancer is even rare. A 61-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a 2-month history of blood in his stool, tenesmus, and mucous discharge in July 2010. Colonoscopy showed an irregular ulcerated rectal mass and histological examination of biopsy material showed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography （CT） scan of the chest and abdomen showed a mass in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe of the lung and a mass in the right rectal wall of upper rectum. The rectal tumor was diagnosed as primary cancer based on the findings of immunohistochemical stain. An anterior resection （AR） and video assisted thoracoscopic （VAT） wedge resection were performed and histological findings of resected rectal and lung tumor specimen showed synchronous primary rectal cancer and lung cancer. A combination chemotherapy regimen with docetaxel and Iobaplatin was used and the patient was successfully discharged from hospital in August 2010. Although the incidence of synchronous multiple primary cancers is very low, we need to remain suspicious, when faced with two or even multiple organ lesions, and employ the necessary examination methods to confirm the diagnosis. For synchronous multiple primary cancers, if conditions allow, surgical resection for all the cancers can be performed in a single operation.

Qualitative analysis of a free boundary problem for tumor growth under the action of periodic external inhibitors

In this paper, a free boundary problem for a solid avascular tumor growth under the action of periodic external inhibitors with time delays in proliferation is studied. Suffi- cient conditions for the global stability of tumor-free equilibrium are given. Moreover, if external concentration of nutrients is large, we also prove that the tumor will not disappear and determine the conditions under which there exist periodic solutions to the model. The results show that the periodicity of the inhibitor may imply periodicity of the size of the tumor. More precisely, if aoc （the concentration of external nutrients） is greater than μβ ＋ , where μ, v are two constants; β＊ = max0≤t≤ωФ（t）; Ф（t） is a periodic function which can be interpreted as a treatment and w is the period of Ф（t）. Results are illustrated by computer simulations.

Case Report:IgE myeloma with elevated level of serum CA125

Objective： To explore clinical and laboratory features and significance of detecting serum carbohydrate antigen 125 （CA125） in immunoglobulin E （IgE） multiple myeloma. Methods： We reported the clinical findings of a male patient with IgE myeloma and elevated level of serum CA 125 and reviewed the literature. Results： Laboratory tests of this patient on admission showed extremely high serum IgE and CA125, a bone marrow aspirate revealed abnormal plasma cells （38.4% of nucleated cells： 16.4% mature and 22% atypical）, and in bone marrow biopsy, immunoperoxidase staining showed positive cytoplasmic staining for IgE and n light chain within the vast majority of plasma cells. Computed tomography （CT） bone scans indicated wedge shape change and compressive fracture of thoracic vertebrae, and emission computed tomography （ECT） discovered multiple punctiform aggregation of radiation in both cervical ribs and spine. The serum IgE and CA 125 gradually decreased to normal limits after eight cycles of chemotherapy. This patient is alive well with an 18-month complete remission. Conclusion： We reported the first case of IgE myeloma with elevated level of serum CA 125. To further evaluate clinical characteristics and significance of CA 125 in IgE myeloma, more cases are needed.

Multi-Type Directed Scale-Free Percolation

In this paper,we study a long-range percolation model on the lattice Z d with multi-type vertices and directed edges.Each vertex x ∈ Z d is independently assigned a non-negative weight Wx and a type ψx,where(Wx) x∈Z d are i.i.d.random variables,and(ψx) x∈Z d are also i.i.d.Conditionally on weights and types,and given λ,α > 0,the edges are independent and the probability that there is a directed edge from x to y is given by pxy = 1 exp(λφψ x ψ y WxWy /| x-y | α),where φij 's are entries from a type matrix Φ.We show that,when the tail of the distribution of Wx is regularly varying with exponent τ-1,the tails of the out/in-degree distributions are both regularly varying with exponent γ = α(τ-1) /d.We formulate conditions under which there exist critical values λ WCC c ∈(0,∞) and λ SCC c ∈(0,∞) such that an infinite weak component and an infinite strong component emerge,respectively,when λ exceeds them.A phase transition is established for the shortest path lengths of directed and undirected edges in the infinite component at the point γ = 2,where the out/in-degrees switch from having finite to infinite variances.The random graph model studied here features some structures of multi-type vertices and directed edges which appear naturally in many real-world networks,such as the SNS networks and computer communication networks.