Objective To explore the causes, prevention, and management of the complications during intra-cranial aneurysm embolization with controllable coils (mechanical detachable spiral, MDS; and Guglielmi detachable coil, GD...Objective To explore the causes, prevention, and management of the complications during intra-cranial aneurysm embolization with controllable coils (mechanical detachable spiral, MDS; and Guglielmi detachable coil, GDC). Methods Retrospective review of 120 cases with 125 intracranial aneurysms embolized with con-trollable coils from March 1995 to July 1999 was conducted. The 20 accidents(in 18 cases) including aneurysm rupture, over-embolization, protrusion of coil end into the parent artery, and thrombosis of the parent artery were analyzed. Results Among the 20 accidents, there were 6 aneurysm ruptures, 6 over-embolizations (in 5 cases), 6 coil protrusions, and 2 thromboses (one was secondary to coil protrusion). The embolization-related mortality was 3.33% (4/120), the permanent neurological deficit was 1.67% (2/120), and the transitory neurological deficit was 3.33%(4/120). The occurrence and outcome of the complications were related to the embolizing technique, the pattern of aneurysm and its parent artery, the imperfection of embolic materials, and the observation and management during embolization. Conclusion Skilled embolizing technique, better understanding of the angio-anatomy of an aneurysm and its parent artery, correct judgement and management during embolization, and improvement of embolic materials are beneficial to the reduction of complications and to the melioration of the outcome of complications.展开更多
In this paper, we show that for a locally LEW-embedded 3-connected graph G in orientable surface, the following results hold： 1） Each of such embeddings is minimum genus embedding; 2） The facial cycles are precisel...In this paper, we show that for a locally LEW-embedded 3-connected graph G in orientable surface, the following results hold： 1） Each of such embeddings is minimum genus embedding; 2） The facial cycles are precisely the induced nonseparating cycles which implies the uniqueness of such embeddings; 3） Every overlap graph O（G, C） is a bipartite graph and G has only one C-bridge H such that C U H is nonplanar provided C is a contractible cycle shorter than every noncontractible cycle containing an edge of C. This extends the results of C Thomassen＇s work on LEW-embedded graphs.展开更多
This article provides information on the phenomenon of alopecia in Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, in various environments and proposes a 3-step scoring system for a quantitative assessment of hair loss. Results su...This article provides information on the phenomenon of alopecia in Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, in various environments and proposes a 3-step scoring system for a quantitative assessment of hair loss. Results suggest that alopecia is commonly observed in Japanese macaques, with 20.5% of individuals showing head alopecia and 4.7% showing back alopecia across eight study groups. Alopecia was more commonly observed in adult females （30.8% individuals showing head alopecia and 15.3% showing back alopecia） than in other age-sex classes. Seasonal variation of back alopecia was noted, in particular, in- dividuals with patchy back hair were more frequently observed in winter than in summer. Seasonal variation was not observed in head hair. The distribution of alopecia was also different among study groups. The wild population generally had better hair con- dition than provisioned populations and captive populations. The present study used a non-invasive alopecia scoring system which can be a useful, rapid and non-invasive tool to monitor animal health and well-being at a population level展开更多
文摘Objective To explore the causes, prevention, and management of the complications during intra-cranial aneurysm embolization with controllable coils (mechanical detachable spiral, MDS; and Guglielmi detachable coil, GDC). Methods Retrospective review of 120 cases with 125 intracranial aneurysms embolized with con-trollable coils from March 1995 to July 1999 was conducted. The 20 accidents(in 18 cases) including aneurysm rupture, over-embolization, protrusion of coil end into the parent artery, and thrombosis of the parent artery were analyzed. Results Among the 20 accidents, there were 6 aneurysm ruptures, 6 over-embolizations (in 5 cases), 6 coil protrusions, and 2 thromboses (one was secondary to coil protrusion). The embolization-related mortality was 3.33% (4/120), the permanent neurological deficit was 1.67% (2/120), and the transitory neurological deficit was 3.33%(4/120). The occurrence and outcome of the complications were related to the embolizing technique, the pattern of aneurysm and its parent artery, the imperfection of embolic materials, and the observation and management during embolization. Conclusion Skilled embolizing technique, better understanding of the angio-anatomy of an aneurysm and its parent artery, correct judgement and management during embolization, and improvement of embolic materials are beneficial to the reduction of complications and to the melioration of the outcome of complications.
基金Supported by NNSF of China(10271048,10671073)Supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(07XD14011)Supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B407)
文摘In this paper, we show that for a locally LEW-embedded 3-connected graph G in orientable surface, the following results hold： 1） Each of such embeddings is minimum genus embedding; 2） The facial cycles are precisely the induced nonseparating cycles which implies the uniqueness of such embeddings; 3） Every overlap graph O（G, C） is a bipartite graph and G has only one C-bridge H such that C U H is nonplanar provided C is a contractible cycle shorter than every noncontractible cycle containing an edge of C. This extends the results of C Thomassen＇s work on LEW-embedded graphs.
基金Acknowledgments The study was supported by the Hun- dred Scholar Program （090013） of Sun Yat-sen University in China, Fund-In-Aid of JSPS （P09103） and National Natural Science Foundation of China （31000175）. I am grateful to the Choshikei Monkey Park, the Takasakiyama Monkey Park, Jigokudani Monkey Park and Kyoto University for granting permission to carry out this research. I thank Mr Sam Hodgson from Tigress Productions for revising English. I thank all members of the Social Ecology Department and Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research at the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University who gave helpful comments on the manuscript.
文摘This article provides information on the phenomenon of alopecia in Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, in various environments and proposes a 3-step scoring system for a quantitative assessment of hair loss. Results suggest that alopecia is commonly observed in Japanese macaques, with 20.5% of individuals showing head alopecia and 4.7% showing back alopecia across eight study groups. Alopecia was more commonly observed in adult females （30.8% individuals showing head alopecia and 15.3% showing back alopecia） than in other age-sex classes. Seasonal variation of back alopecia was noted, in particular, in- dividuals with patchy back hair were more frequently observed in winter than in summer. Seasonal variation was not observed in head hair. The distribution of alopecia was also different among study groups. The wild population generally had better hair con- dition than provisioned populations and captive populations. The present study used a non-invasive alopecia scoring system which can be a useful, rapid and non-invasive tool to monitor animal health and well-being at a population level
