主动吸入药物烟对大鼠一氧化氮的影响

目的 探讨主动吸入药物烟对大鼠NO的影响。方法 制备大鼠主动吸烟模型 ,采用硝酸还原酶法测定各组大鼠血清、肺、心肌及脑组织的NO含量。结果 非药物烟组大鼠血清、肺、心肌及脑组织中NO含量明显低于非给烟对照组 ,药物烟高、中剂量组NO含量明显高于非药物烟组 ,接近非给烟对照组。结论 吸烟对大鼠血液、肺、心肌及脑组织有不同程度的损伤作用 ,使NO含量降低 ;药物烟具有一定的保护和防止NO含量降低的作用。

黄枇烟吸入联合吉非替尼治疗晚期EGFR突变型肺腺癌31例临床观察

目的:观察黄枇烟吸入联合吉非替尼治疗晚期EGFR突变型肺腺癌的临床疗效。方法:将61例晚期肺腺癌患者随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组31例、对照组30例。对照组予吉非替尼治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予黄枇烟吸入。两组均以2个月为1个疗程,共治疗3个疗程。观察临床疗效、生活质量疗效、中医症状积分变化、毒副反应,随访18个月观察无进展生存期(PFS)。结果:观察组、对照组近期客观有效率分别为64.5%和63.3%,2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组生活质量有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组中医症状积分较治疗前降低(P<0.05),治疗后观察组咳嗽、痰血、胸痛、气短积分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组白细胞减少、血红蛋白减少、血小板减少、皮肤损伤、肝肾功能损伤、腹泻发生例数与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组中位无进展生存期(PFS)较对照组显著延长(P<0.05)。结论:黄枇烟吸入联合吉非替尼可以改善晚期肺腺癌患者的临床症状,提高生活质量,延长无进展生存期,且并不增加毒副反应。

基于人体吸入和呼出烟气气溶胶粒径分布的气溶胶呼吸道沉降研究

为了考察烟气气溶胶在人体呼吸道的沉降特征,采用吸烟循环模拟机-快速粒径谱仪(SCS-DMS),基于志愿者实际抽吸曲线,对人体抽吸卷烟、加热卷烟和电子烟的吸入和呼出烟气气溶胶粒径分布进行在线表征,并采用多路径粒子剂量模型(MPPD),模拟研究了3类烟草制品的烟气气溶胶在人体呼吸道的沉降情况。结果表明:①在志愿者吸入和呼出过程中,卷烟、加热卷烟和电子烟烟气气溶胶的粒径增长因子分别为1.25~1.40、1.52~2.03和1.44~2.43。②不同类型样品的烟气气溶胶在呼吸道各部位的沉降系数为卷烟<加热卷烟<电子烟。③3类样品的烟气气溶胶在人体呼吸道不同部位的沉降系数均为口腔<气管支气管<肺部。④在右下肺叶的沉降系数相对较高,在肺部的最大沉降系数出现在第19~22级气管。

Influence of moxa smoke on mitochondrial transmembrane potential and Bax/Bcl-2 in alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial A549 cells

Objective： To investigate the influence of moxibustion products on mitochondrial transmembrane potential （MTP） and mRNA expression of Bax/Bcl-2 in alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial A549 cells, and to further explore influence of moxibustion products on the oxidative damage of A549 cells. Methods： Smoke and particles generated by moxibustion were collected using the filter box for gas sampling. The moxa smoke extract （MSE） was diluted sequentially to the final concentrations of 0.05 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL using the cell culture medium, and A549 cells were then intervened by the above MSE solution. Cell MTP was detected by JC-1 staining. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was used to detect Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression of A549 cells. Results： Compared with cells in the normal control group, MTP was significantly decreased in cells of 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention groups （P〈0.01）; while MTP showed no significant changes in cells of 0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL MSE intervention groups （P〉0.05）; compared with cells in 0.05 mg/mL MSE intervention group, MTP was decreased significantly in cells of 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention groups （P〈0.05）; compared with cells in 0.1 mg/mL MSE intervention group, MTP was decreased significantly in cells of 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention group （P〈0.01）. Bax mRNA expression of cells in each concentration of MSE intervention group all showed no significant difference compared to that in the normal control group; Bcl-2 mRNA expression of cells was reduced with the increase of MSE intervention concentration. Wherein, Bcl-2 mRNA expressions of cells in 0.4 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL MSE intervention groups were significantly reduced compared with that of cells in the normal control group （P〈0.05）; Bcl-2 mRNA expression of cells in 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention group was significantly reduced compared to that in 0.05 mg/mL MSE intervention group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Certain higher concentration of moxa smoke could reduce MTP and mRNA expression of the anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 in alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial A549 cells. Oxidative damage may be the important mechanism of apoptosis caused by the high concentration of moxa smoke solution, and further studies are necessary on the specific mechanisms.

Viral infection of tobacco plants improves performance of Bemisia tabaci but more so for an invasive than for an indigenous biotype of the whitefly

The ecological effects of plant-virus-vector interactions on invasion of alien plant viral vectors have been rarely investigated. We examined the transmission of Tomato yellow leaf cur/China virus （TYLCCNV） by the invasive Q biotype and the indigenous ZHJ2 biotype of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a plant viral vector, as well as the influence of TYLCCNV-infection of plants on the performance of the two whitefly biotypes. Both whitefly biotypes were able to acquire viruses from infected plants and retained them in their bodies, but were unable to transmit them to either tobacco or tomato plants. However, when the Q biotype fed on tobacco plants infected with TYLCCNV, its fecundity and longevity were increased by 7- and 1-fold, respectively, compared to those of the Q biotype fed on uninfected tobacco plants. When the ZHJ2 biotype fed on virus-infected plants, its fecundity and longevity were increased by only 2- and 0.5-fold, respectively. These data show that the Q biotype acquired higher beneficial effects from TYLCCNV-infection of tobacco plants than the ZHJ2 biotype. Thus, the Q biotype whitefly may have advantages in its invasion and displacement of the indigenous ZHJ2 biotype.

A combined dynamic inhalation device designed for moxa-smoking toxicity testing

OBJECTIVE： To design a combined dynamic inhalation device for testing the toxicity induced by moxa smoking. METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas generating device, a gas control unit, and a device to measure and control tem- perature and humidity. Sprague-dawley rats were tested for acute and sub-chronic toxicity after exposure to moxa-burning smoke.METHODS： The new apparatus （Patent No. 201120101911.5） includes air renewal and recycling systems, a gas generating device, a gas control unit, and a device to measure and control tem- perature and humidity. Sprague-dawley rats were tested for acute and sub-chronic toxicity after exposure to moxa-burning smoke.RESULTS： We found an LQ0 of 1.2× 10^4 mg/m^3 in the acute toxicity assays. In sub-chronic toxicity tests the organ coefficients studied showed no sig-nificant differences within rats groups of the same gender after treatment with moxa smoke or a month of recovery. However, mean gray degree of lung 70 heat shock protein （HSP70） was significantly elevated in the high dose group in comparison with the low dose group （P 〈 0.05）, mean gray degree, mean optical density, gross area of HSP70 in other organs and caspase-9 parameters showed no significant differences between groups.CONCLUSION： These results suggest that moxa smoke had no overt toxicity in rats. This work pro- vides evidence and reference for the design of dy- namic inhalation exposure systems.