In order to satisfy the safety-critical requirements,the train control system(TCS) often employs a layered safety communication protocol to provide reliable services.However,both description and verification of the sa...In order to satisfy the safety-critical requirements,the train control system(TCS) often employs a layered safety communication protocol to provide reliable services.However,both description and verification of the safety protocols may be formidable due to the system complexity.In this paper,interface automata(IA) are used to describe the safety service interface behaviors of safety communication protocol.A formal verification method is proposed to describe the safety communication protocols using IA and translate IA model into PROMELA model so that the protocols can be verified by the model checker SPIN.A case study of using this method to describe and verify a safety communication protocol is included.The verification results illustrate that the proposed method is effective to describe the safety protocols and verify deadlocks,livelocks and several mandatory consistency properties.A prototype of safety protocols is also developed based on the presented formally verifying method.展开更多
Chiglitazar(Carfloglitazar)is a novel non-thiazolidinedione(TZD)structured peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor(PPAR)pan-agonist that has shown promising effects on glycemic control and lipid regulation in patien...Chiglitazar(Carfloglitazar)is a novel non-thiazolidinedione(TZD)structured peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor(PPAR)pan-agonist that has shown promising effects on glycemic control and lipid regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes in previous clinical studies.This randomized phase 3 trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes with insufficient glycemic control by strict diet and exercise alone.Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive chiglitazar 32 mg(n=167),chiglitazar 48 mg(n=166),or placebo(n=202)once daily.The primary endpoint was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin A_(1c)(HbA_(1c))at week 24 with superiority of chiglitazar over placebo.The results showed that both chiglitazar 32 and 48 mg resulted in significant and clinically meaningful reductions in HbA_(1c),and placebo-adjusted estimated treatment differences at week 24 for chiglitazar 32 and 48 mg were-0.87%(95%confidential interval(CI):-1.10 to-0.65;P<0.0001)and-1.05%(95%CI:-1.29 to-0.81;P<0.0001),respectively.Secondary efficacy parameters including glycemic control,insulin sensitivity and triglyceride reduction were also significantly improved in the chiglitazar groups.The overall frequency of adverse events and study discontinuation attributable to adverse events were similar among the groups.Low incidences of mild edema and body weight gain were reported in the chiglitazar dose groups.The results from this phase 3 trial demonstrated that the PPAR pan-agonist chiglitazar possesses an overall good efficacy and safety profile in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with lifestyle interventions,thereby providing adequate supporting evidence for using this PPAR pan-agonist as a treatment option for type 2 diabetes.展开更多
基金supported by the New Century Excellent Researcher Award Program from Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. NCET-07-0059)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2011YJS006)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and DevelopmentProgram of China ("863" Program) (Grant No. 2011AA010104)the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Research Project(Grant Nos. RCS2008ZZ001, RCS2008ZZ005)
文摘In order to satisfy the safety-critical requirements,the train control system(TCS) often employs a layered safety communication protocol to provide reliable services.However,both description and verification of the safety protocols may be formidable due to the system complexity.In this paper,interface automata(IA) are used to describe the safety service interface behaviors of safety communication protocol.A formal verification method is proposed to describe the safety communication protocols using IA and translate IA model into PROMELA model so that the protocols can be verified by the model checker SPIN.A case study of using this method to describe and verify a safety communication protocol is included.The verification results illustrate that the proposed method is effective to describe the safety protocols and verify deadlocks,livelocks and several mandatory consistency properties.A prototype of safety protocols is also developed based on the presented formally verifying method.
基金grants from Chinese National and Provincial Major Project for New Drug Innovation(National:2008ZX09101-002 and 2013ZX09401301Provincial:2011A080501010)Shenzhen Municipal Major Project(2010-1746)。
文摘Chiglitazar(Carfloglitazar)is a novel non-thiazolidinedione(TZD)structured peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor(PPAR)pan-agonist that has shown promising effects on glycemic control and lipid regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes in previous clinical studies.This randomized phase 3 trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes with insufficient glycemic control by strict diet and exercise alone.Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive chiglitazar 32 mg(n=167),chiglitazar 48 mg(n=166),or placebo(n=202)once daily.The primary endpoint was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin A_(1c)(HbA_(1c))at week 24 with superiority of chiglitazar over placebo.The results showed that both chiglitazar 32 and 48 mg resulted in significant and clinically meaningful reductions in HbA_(1c),and placebo-adjusted estimated treatment differences at week 24 for chiglitazar 32 and 48 mg were-0.87%(95%confidential interval(CI):-1.10 to-0.65;P<0.0001)and-1.05%(95%CI:-1.29 to-0.81;P<0.0001),respectively.Secondary efficacy parameters including glycemic control,insulin sensitivity and triglyceride reduction were also significantly improved in the chiglitazar groups.The overall frequency of adverse events and study discontinuation attributable to adverse events were similar among the groups.Low incidences of mild edema and body weight gain were reported in the chiglitazar dose groups.The results from this phase 3 trial demonstrated that the PPAR pan-agonist chiglitazar possesses an overall good efficacy and safety profile in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with lifestyle interventions,thereby providing adequate supporting evidence for using this PPAR pan-agonist as a treatment option for type 2 diabetes.
