设计四秩序是由国际设计研究领域知名学者理查德·布坎南(Richard Buchanan)教授在上世纪90年代末提出的全新设计观点。理查德在《设计中的危机、伦理和原则》(Risk, Ethics and Principles in Design)中,批判性的提出传统设计的学...设计四秩序是由国际设计研究领域知名学者理查德·布坎南(Richard Buchanan)教授在上世纪90年代末提出的全新设计观点。理查德在《设计中的危机、伦理和原则》(Risk, Ethics and Principles in Design)中,批判性的提出传统设计的学科间性问题,运用设计四秩序理论重新界定了“设计”的概念和学科范畴。设计四秩序从学理视角拓宽设计边界谈起,在实践探索过程中明确设计发展路径,然后全面整合设计资源,并为未来设计提供参照途径,基于产品设计融合创新设计新思路展开讨论。设计四秩序是对“设计”的深刻体认,明确未来设计的创新路径,探究设计学科的学科间性,运用“学术交叉式”的研究理念,整合“融合共用式”的设计资源,提供设计参照的有效途径和设计学科“体系互通式”的研究方法,结合设计学“科学互动式”的研究技术,实现“健全能动式”的研究体制,是全向度建构设计学科新体系的大势所趋。展开更多
Zonal mean annual temperature trends were estimated using four reanalysis and three analysis grid datasets. The trends over land and for the entire globe were estimated from 1958-2001 and 1979-2007, respectively. Esti...Zonal mean annual temperature trends were estimated using four reanalysis and three analysis grid datasets. The trends over land and for the entire globe were estimated from 1958-2001 and 1979-2007, respectively. Estimates of temperature trends over land from Climate Research Unit （CRU） analysis data indicate more intense wanning moving northward, at a rate of about 3.5℃ per century at 65°N, then declining further to the north. CRU estimates indicated dramatic warming over the latitudes of the Antarctic Peninsula, with a localized cooling trend at 45°S. A global estimate was conducted by comparing estimates of the reanalysis datasets. Temperature distribution trends of the reanalysis data were similar to those generated by land observations but with large bias in the Polar Regions. The bias could be reduced by comparing these estimates with those from the analysis data at high latitudes. Extreme warming trends were esti- mated at rates of 2.9℃-3.5℃ per century in the Arctic and 3.2℃-4.7℃ per century in the Antarctic for 1958-2001. Surface warming was even more intense in the Northern Hemisphere for 1979-2007, with extreme arctic warming rates ranging from 8.5℃-8.9℃ per century, as estimated by the analysis and reanalysis datasets. Trends over Antarctica for this period were contradictory, as Japan Meteorological Agency （JMA） reanalysis （JRA-25） indicated a cooling trend at about -7℃ per century, while other reanalysis datasets showed sharp warming over the continent.展开更多
This paper proposes a self-position estimate algorithm for the multiple mobile robots; each robot uses two omnidirectional cameras and an accelerometer. In recent years, the Great East Japan Earthquake and large-scale...This paper proposes a self-position estimate algorithm for the multiple mobile robots; each robot uses two omnidirectional cameras and an accelerometer. In recent years, the Great East Japan Earthquake and large-scale disasters have occurred frequently in Japan. From this, development of the searching robot which supports the rescue team to perform a relief activity at a large-scale disaster is indispensable. Then, this research has developed the searching robot group system with two or more mobile robots. In this research, the searching robot equips with two omnidirectional cameras and an accelerometer. In order to perform distance measurement using two omnidirectional cameras, each parameter of an omnidirectional camera and the position and posture between two omnidirectional cameras have to be calibrated in advance. If there are few mobile robots, the calibration time of each omnidirectional camera does not pose a problem. However, if the calibration is separately performed when using two or more robots in a disaster site, etc., it will take huge calibration time. Then, this paper proposed the algorithm which estimates a mobile robot＇s position and the parameter of the position and posture between two omnidirectional cameras simultaneously. The algorithm proposed in this paper extended Nonlinear Transformation （NLT） Method. This paper conducted the simulation experiment to check the validity of the proposed algorithm. In some simulation experiments, one mobile robot moves and observes the circumference of another mobile robot which has stopped at a certain place. This paper verified whether the mobile robot can estimate position using the measurement value when the number of observation times becomes 10 times in n/18 of observation intervals. The result of the simulation shows the effectiveness of the algorithm.展开更多
Conjugate gradient methods have played a special role in solving large scale nonlinear problems. Recently, the author and Dai proposed an efficient nonlinear conjugate gradient method called CGOPT, through seeking the...Conjugate gradient methods have played a special role in solving large scale nonlinear problems. Recently, the author and Dai proposed an efficient nonlinear conjugate gradient method called CGOPT, through seeking the conjugate gradient direction closest to the direction of the scaled memoryless BFGS method. In this paper, we make use of two types of modified secant equations to improve CGOPT method. Under some assumptions, the improved methods are showed to be globally convergent. Numerical results are also reported.展开更多
文摘设计四秩序是由国际设计研究领域知名学者理查德·布坎南(Richard Buchanan)教授在上世纪90年代末提出的全新设计观点。理查德在《设计中的危机、伦理和原则》(Risk, Ethics and Principles in Design)中,批判性的提出传统设计的学科间性问题,运用设计四秩序理论重新界定了“设计”的概念和学科范畴。设计四秩序从学理视角拓宽设计边界谈起,在实践探索过程中明确设计发展路径,然后全面整合设计资源,并为未来设计提供参照途径,基于产品设计融合创新设计新思路展开讨论。设计四秩序是对“设计”的深刻体认,明确未来设计的创新路径,探究设计学科的学科间性,运用“学术交叉式”的研究理念,整合“融合共用式”的设计资源,提供设计参照的有效途径和设计学科“体系互通式”的研究方法,结合设计学“科学互动式”的研究技术,实现“健全能动式”的研究体制,是全向度建构设计学科新体系的大势所趋。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40775048)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB400504)Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period (Grant No. 2007BAC294)
文摘Zonal mean annual temperature trends were estimated using four reanalysis and three analysis grid datasets. The trends over land and for the entire globe were estimated from 1958-2001 and 1979-2007, respectively. Estimates of temperature trends over land from Climate Research Unit （CRU） analysis data indicate more intense wanning moving northward, at a rate of about 3.5℃ per century at 65°N, then declining further to the north. CRU estimates indicated dramatic warming over the latitudes of the Antarctic Peninsula, with a localized cooling trend at 45°S. A global estimate was conducted by comparing estimates of the reanalysis datasets. Temperature distribution trends of the reanalysis data were similar to those generated by land observations but with large bias in the Polar Regions. The bias could be reduced by comparing these estimates with those from the analysis data at high latitudes. Extreme warming trends were esti- mated at rates of 2.9℃-3.5℃ per century in the Arctic and 3.2℃-4.7℃ per century in the Antarctic for 1958-2001. Surface warming was even more intense in the Northern Hemisphere for 1979-2007, with extreme arctic warming rates ranging from 8.5℃-8.9℃ per century, as estimated by the analysis and reanalysis datasets. Trends over Antarctica for this period were contradictory, as Japan Meteorological Agency （JMA） reanalysis （JRA-25） indicated a cooling trend at about -7℃ per century, while other reanalysis datasets showed sharp warming over the continent.
文摘This paper proposes a self-position estimate algorithm for the multiple mobile robots; each robot uses two omnidirectional cameras and an accelerometer. In recent years, the Great East Japan Earthquake and large-scale disasters have occurred frequently in Japan. From this, development of the searching robot which supports the rescue team to perform a relief activity at a large-scale disaster is indispensable. Then, this research has developed the searching robot group system with two or more mobile robots. In this research, the searching robot equips with two omnidirectional cameras and an accelerometer. In order to perform distance measurement using two omnidirectional cameras, each parameter of an omnidirectional camera and the position and posture between two omnidirectional cameras have to be calibrated in advance. If there are few mobile robots, the calibration time of each omnidirectional camera does not pose a problem. However, if the calibration is separately performed when using two or more robots in a disaster site, etc., it will take huge calibration time. Then, this paper proposed the algorithm which estimates a mobile robot＇s position and the parameter of the position and posture between two omnidirectional cameras simultaneously. The algorithm proposed in this paper extended Nonlinear Transformation （NLT） Method. This paper conducted the simulation experiment to check the validity of the proposed algorithm. In some simulation experiments, one mobile robot moves and observes the circumference of another mobile robot which has stopped at a certain place. This paper verified whether the mobile robot can estimate position using the measurement value when the number of observation times becomes 10 times in n/18 of observation intervals. The result of the simulation shows the effectiveness of the algorithm.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10831006 and 10971017)
文摘Conjugate gradient methods have played a special role in solving large scale nonlinear problems. Recently, the author and Dai proposed an efficient nonlinear conjugate gradient method called CGOPT, through seeking the conjugate gradient direction closest to the direction of the scaled memoryless BFGS method. In this paper, we make use of two types of modified secant equations to improve CGOPT method. Under some assumptions, the improved methods are showed to be globally convergent. Numerical results are also reported.
