融合时空约束的光学动作捕捉标记点实时补全方法

在基于标记点的光学动作捕捉系统中,针对粘贴在用户身上的标记点受遮挡等因素影响丢失跟踪位置后导致人体位姿计算失败的问题,提出一种基于深度学习的标记点序列预测补全方法.该方法中,深度学习网络模型以人体运动的时间反演对称性作为理论依据,使用双向长短期记忆网络作为网络主体架构;在模型训练过程中提出组合损失函数,分别对人体关键运动节点的活动范围、同一段骨骼上标记点之间的刚性结构,以及标记点运动轨迹的时间连续性进行限制,确保补全的标记点序列符合人体运动的时空约束.在HDM05数据集上的实验结果表明,与现有方法相比,在丢失不同数量、不同时间跨度的标记点序列的条件下,所提方法补全标记点位置的平均误差下降超过14%.

基于全基因组SNP标记分析中国地方鸡品种的遗传多样性和种群结构

旨在对中国地方鸡品种的遗传多样性与种群结构进行分析。本研究使用Affymetrix Axiom 600K高密度鸡基因分型芯片对来自8个品种的157只地方鸡及233只商品鸡进行基因分型,以品种作为分组来计算各分组的观测杂合度、期望杂合度、次等位基因频率、近交系数及核苷酸多样性分析地方鸡群体的遗传多样性,利用进化树、主成分分析、群体结构、MDS等方法分析鸡群体的群体结构,基于状态同源(IBS)和群体分化系数(Fst)分析种群内部与种群之间的亲缘关系,利用长纯合片段(runs of homozygosity,ROH)估算得到基于ROH的近交系数。结果表明,各群体的观测杂合度均高于期望杂合度,次等位基因频率在0.175~0.236之间,近交系数在0.018~0.205之间,核苷酸多样性在0~6×10^(-4)之间,进化树与主成分分析表明品种间出现了明显的群体分化,地方鸡群体与商品鸡群的MDS分析发现我国地方鸡与商业肉鸡品种的遗传距离较近;IBS遗传距离在0.0929~0.3199之间;各品种成对Fst分析表明,群体间呈现中高分化程度(0.09~0.22);此次分析共得到了5242个ROH,长度分布在1~41.51 Mb之间,基于ROH的近交系数在0.010~0.150之间。以上结果表明,地方鸡遗传多样性整体较为丰富,其中狼山鸡与皖南三黄鸡的遗传多样性最高。斗鸡、固始鸡及茶花鸡近交程度较高,可能经历过近交事件。不同品种间出现了较高遗传分化,该研究结果将有助于设计和实施遗传资源保护策略,促进遗传资源在保护中利用、利用中保护。

UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS结合全碳标记稳定同位素内标法精确测定粮油中黄曲霉毒素

建立了全自动免疫亲和柱净化-超高效液相色谱-四级杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS)结合全碳标记稳定同位素内标法对粮油中四种黄曲霉毒素精确定量方法。样品准确称量后加入全碳标记稳定同位素内标,经84/16(V/V)的乙腈/水提取、离心、稀释后,通过全自动固相萃取仪采用黄曲霉毒素免疫亲和柱进行全自动净化,净化液在UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS上进行检测后采用内标法进行定量分析。结果表明:黄曲霉毒素的加标回收率为84.7%~104.6%,日内相对标准偏差为1.7%~9.4%,日间精密度为0.7%~8.4%。采用本方法对国家标准物质的检测结果在赋值范围内,能够最大限度地降低实验人员工作量,提高工作效率,避免因人员操作失误导致的结果偏差,适用于粮油中黄曲霉毒素的精准测定,可满足日常检测和监测需求。

玉米穗轴粗和出籽率全基因组预测分析

穗轴粗和出籽率均是典型的数量性状,在不同程度上影响玉米产量。全基因组选择整合全基因组关联分析(GWAS,genome-wide association study)的先验信息是提高性状预测准确性的有效方法。本研究利用309份玉米自交系穗轴粗和出籽率表型和基因分型测序技术获得的基因型数据,研究基因组最佳线性无偏预测(GBLUP,genomic best linear unbiased prediction)、贝叶斯A(Bayes A)和再生核希尔伯特空间(RKHS,reproducing kernel Hilbert space)模型对2种GWAS方法即固定和随机模型交替概率统一(FarmCPU,fixed and random model circulating probability unification)和压缩混合线性模型(CMLM,compressed mixed linear model)衍生的不同数量标记集、随机选择标记集和所有标记对预测准确性的影响。对于2个性状FarmCPU和CMLM衍生标记集,3个预测模型间的预测准确性差异较小,差值变异范围介于0~0.03。对于随机标记集,相比其他2个模型的预测准确性,RKHS对穗轴粗可提高3.57%~15.91%,而3个预测模型对出籽率具有相似的预测效果。除了50和100个标记,3个模型利用CMLM衍生标记对2个性状的预测效果均优于FarmCPU。相比随机标记集,穗轴粗GWAS衍生标记的预测准确性可提高15.52%~88.37%;出籽率利用衍生标记可提高1~5.89倍。所有衍生标记集的预测准确性均高于所有标记。这些结果均表明,全基因组选择整合GWAS衍生标记有利于提高穗轴粗和出籽率的预测准确性。

传统杂交育种亲本选配考虑的因素及现代育种技术的运用

综述了传统杂交育种中亲本选择和组配考虑的因素,以及在传统选择方法上发展起来的现代分子标记选择、全基因组标记选择在未来杂交育种中的应用。

高校统一身份认证平台的单点登录技术探究

针对高校的学生和教职工需要访问数量众多的信息系统,每个系统都需要单独的用户名和密码的问题,提出高校统一身份认证平台。首先,介绍高校统一身份认证平台的具体功能;然后,分析单点登录的3种常见技术:中央身份服务、全断言标记语言、开放授权;最后,结合学校情况,对高校统一身份认证平台的单点登录进行应用测试。测试结果表明,用户在通过单点登录后,所有系统都能同步登入,功能和性能满足需求。

精细化护理在吲哚菁绿标记全荧光腹腔镜胃癌根治性远端胃切除术中的应用效果

目的 探讨在吲哚菁绿标记全荧光腹腔镜胃癌根治性远端胃切除术患者中采用精细化护理的临床效果。方法 选取2020年1—10月福建医科大学附属协和医院收治的136例胃癌患者,随机分为对照组和观察组各68例,所有患者均行吲哚菁绿标记全荧光腹腔镜根治性远端胃切除术。对照组予以常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上予以精细化护理,对比两组的围术期指标及应激反应。结果 观察组的手术操作时间、首次下床时间、通气时间、排便时间均短于对照组,术中补液量及失血量均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后舒张压、收缩压及心率水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 精细化护理应用于吲哚菁绿标记全荧光腹腔镜胃癌根治性远端胃切除术中的临床效果显著,有助于改善患者的围术期指标,减轻应激反应。

全脑容积灌注动脉自旋标记成像用于缺血性脑血管疾病的初步研究

目的 探讨全脑容积灌注动脉自旋标记成像（3DASL）应用于缺血性脑血管病诊断中的可行性和价值.方法 实验1：全部患者（对照组30例、脑栓塞组20例）行头部MRI增强检查,加扫3DASL及动态磁敏感对比增强（DSC）序列.对照组计算3DASL及DSC得到的大脑左右半球半卵圆中心镜像感兴趣区（ROI）的脑血流量（CBF）比,脑栓塞组计算2种方法得到的病灶区域与对侧镜像ROI的CBF比,配对分析数据.实验2：急性及亚急性脑栓塞组和短暂脑缺血发作（TIA）组患者各30例,全部行常规头部MRI检查,加扫3DASL序列,对比分析弥散成像（DWI）及3DASL 2种技术显示病变的阳性率及面积大小.结果 实验1：2种灌注方法获得了一致的灌注结果.对照组左右侧镜像ROI的CBF比值：3DASL为1.02±0.18,DSC为1.06±0.24,2者间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;脑栓塞组病灶区域与对侧镜像ROI的CBF比值：3DASL为0.50±0.12,DSC为0.48±0.18,2者间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.实验2：急性及亚急性脑栓塞的检出率：DWI和3DASL均为100％.同一病例相同病变显示面积的大小：SDwI＜S3DASL,n=22; SDW1≈S3DASL,n=8;SDWI＞S3DASL,n=0.TIA的检出率：DWI为0％,3DASL为70％.结论 3DASL和DSC相比,测量脑血流量有相似的敏感性,且具有三维成像扫描范围广、无需注射对比剂和可重复性强等优势.3DASL较DWI有更高的TIA阳性检出率,有助于TIA的早期诊断,全面准确地评估缺血半暗带及急性缺血性脑血管病的血流灌注情况,可作为急诊检查方法之一,为临床治疗提供科学依据.

Predicting prognosis of rectal cancer patients with total mesorectal excision using molecular markers

AIM:To explore the prognostic variables in rectal cancer patients undergoing curative total mesorectal excision and the effect of postoperative chemotherapy in advanced rectal cancer. METHODS:A total of 259 consecutive rectal cancer patients treated with curative total mesorectal excision between 1999 and 2004 were collected. p53,p21,PCNA,and CD44v6 were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlation between clinicopathological or molecular variables and clinical outcomes,including local recurrence,metastasis,disease-free survival and overall survival,was analyzed. RESULTS:The median follow-up was 44 mo. Five-year survival rates and 5-year disease free survival rates were 75.43% and 70.32%,respectively. Multi-analysis revealed TNM staging,preoperative CEA,and CD44v6 level were independent risk factors predicting overall survival or disease free survival. The hazard ratio of peroperative CEA was 2.65 (95% CI 1.4-5) and 3.10 (95% CI 1.37-6.54) for disease free survival and overall survival,respectively. The hazard ratio of CD44v6 was 1.93 (95% CI 1.04-3.61) and 2.21 (95% CI 1.01-4.88) for disease free survival and overall survival,respectively. TNM staging was the only risk factor predicting local recurrence. Postoperative chemotherapy without radiotherapy did not improve patients' outcome. CONCLUSION:TNM staging,preoperative CEA and CD44v6 were independent prognostic factors for rectal cancer patients with total mesorectal excision. Postoperative chemotherapy may be only used together with radiotherapy for rectal cancer patients.

养血透骨法对肺癌化疗后患者免疫功能影响的临床研究

目的观察透骨法对肺癌化疗后患者免疫功能的影响。方法采用直接免疫荧光标记全血溶血法、流式细胞仪技术检测治疗前后肺癌化疗后患者外周血血清T细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4/CD8、NK细胞及巨噬细胞水平。结果在提升肺癌化疗后患者免疫功能方面,治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论透骨养血法能明显提升肺癌化疗后患者的免疫功能,并能改善其化疗后的临床症状,提高肿瘤患者生存质量,毒副反应少,具有明显的疗效优势。

Linkage Disequilibrium in Wild and Cultured Populations of Pacific Oyster(Crassostrea gigas)

Linkage disequilibrium(LD) can be applied for mapping the actual genes responsible for variation of economically important traits through association mapping.The feasibility and efficacy of association studies are strongly dependent on the extent of LD which determines the number and density of markers in the studied population,as well as the experimental design for an association analysis.In this study,we first characterized the extent of LD in a wild population and a cultured mass-selected line of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas).A total of 88 wild and 96 cultured individuals were selected to assess the level of genome-wide LD with 53 microsatellites,respectively.For syntenic marker pairs,no significant association was observed in the wild population;however,three significant associations occurred in the cultured population,and the significant LD extended up to 12.7 c M,indicating that strong artificial selection is a key force for substantial increase of genome-wide LD in cultured population.The difference of LD between wild and cultured populations showed that association studies in Pacific oyster can be achieved with reasonable marker densities at a relatively low cost by choosing an association mapping population.Furthermore,the frequent occurrence of LD between non-syntenic loci and rare alleles encourages the joint application of linkage analysis and LD mapping when mapping genes in oyster.The information on the linkage disequilibrium in the cultured population is useful for future association mapping in oyster.

Design of the XML Security System for Electronic Commerce Application

The invocation of World Wide Web (www) first triggered mass adoption of the Internet for public access to digital information exchanges across the globe. To get a big market on the Web, a special security infrastructure would need to be put into place transforming the wild-and-woolly Internet into a network with end-to-end protections. XML (extensible Markup Language) is widely accepted as powerful data representation standard for electronic documents, so a security mechanism for XML documents must be provided in the first place to secure electronic commerce over Internet. In this paper the authors design and implement a secure framework that provides XML signature function, XML Element-wise Encryption function, smart card based crypto API library and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security functions to achieve confidentiality, integrity, message authentication, and/or signer authentication services for XML documents and existing non-XML documents that are exchanged by Internet for E-commerce application.

Construction of a Normalized Full-Length cDNA Library of Cephalopod Amphioctopus fangsiao and Development of Microsatellite Markers

Amphioctopus fangsiao is one of the most economically important species and has been considered to be a candidate for aquaculture. In order to facilitate its fine-scale genetic analyses, we constructed a normalized full-length library successfully and developed a set of microsatellite markers in this study. The normalized full-length library had a storage capacity of 6.9×105 independent clones. The recombination efficiency was 95% and the average size of inserted fragments was longer than 1000 bp. A total of 3440 high quality ESTs were obtained, which were assembled into 1803 unigenes. Of these unigenes, 450(25%) were assigned into 33 Gene Ontology terms, 576(31.9%) into 153 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and 275(15.3%) into 22 Clusters of Orthologous Groups. Seventy-six polymorphic microsatellite markers were identified. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 17, and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.167 and 0.967 and between 0.326 and 0.944, respectively. Twelve loci were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction and no linkage disequilibrium was found between different loci. This study provided not only a useful resource for the isolation of the functional genes, but also a set of informative microsatellites for the assessment of population structure and conservation genetics of A. fangsiao.

Genome-wide survey and analysis of microsatellites in the Pacific oyster genome: abundance, distribution, and potential for marker development

Microsatellites are a ubiquitous component of the eukaryote genome and constitute one of the most popular sources of molecular markers for genetic studies. However, no data are currently available regarding microsatellites across the entire genome in oysters, despite their importance to the aquaculture industry. We present the fi rst genome-wide investigation of microsatellites in the Pacifi c oyster Crassostrea gigas by analysis of the complete genome, resequencing, and expression data. The Pacifi c oyster genome is rich in microsatellites. A total of 604 653 repeats were identifi ed, in average of one locus per 815 base pairs(bp). A total of 12 836 genes had coding repeats, and 7 332 were expressed normally, including genes with a wide range of molecular functions. Compared with 20 different species of animals, microsatellites in the oyster genome typically exhibited 1) an intermediate overall frequency; 2) relatively uniform contents of(A)n and(C)n repeats and abundant long(C)n repeats(≥24 bp); 3) large average length of(AG)n repeats; and 4) scarcity of trinucleotide repeats. The microsatellite-fl anking regions exhibited a high degree of polymorphism with a heterozygosity rate of around 2.0%, but there was no correlation between heterozygosity and microsatellite abundance. A total of 19 462 polymorphic microsatellites were discovered, and dinucleotide repeats were the most active, with over 26% of loci found to harbor allelic variations. In all, 7 451 loci with high potential for marker development were identifi ed. Better knowledge of the microsatellites in the oyster genome will provide information for the future design of a wide range of molecular markers and contribute to further advancements in the fi eld of oyster genetics, particularly for molecular-based selection and breeding.

如何为宝宝选购玩具?

在宝宝的成长过程中,妈妈总是在不停地为其购买各种各样的玩具,那么你在选择玩具的过程中注意到以下问题了吗? 选择新生儿玩具的原则 要选购既能看又能听的吊挂玩具,颜色要鲜艳,最好是以红、黄、蓝三原色为基本色调,并且能发出悦耳的声音,同时造型也要精美。此外,彩色气球、吹气塑料玩具也比较适用于新生儿。

Total synthesis of dansyl and biotin functionalized ganglioside GM3 by chemoenzymatic method

Ganglioside GM3, as well as other gangliosides, offers a variety of modifications in its sialic acid and ceramide moieties GM3 exhibits various types of important biological activities, due to the inability to effectively observe the trafficking of ganglioside GM3, developing sensitive research tools for specific monitoring of GM3 expression and activity is thus desirable. The total synthesis of a dansyl and biotin bifunctionalized fluorescent ganglioside GM3 were reported in this article. From lactose after 13 reaction steps, the compound of 2′ -biotinoylaminoethyl-6-N-dansylamido-6-deoxy-β-D-galatopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopy-ranoside was obtained in total yield of 16.2%. Sialylation of dansyl and biotin functionalized lactose by enzymatic method gave dansyl and biotin labeled ganglioside GM3. The fluorescent property of this compound was also investigated.

Quantitative trait loci for morphometric traits in multiple families of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)

Quantitative trait locus(QTL) mapping is frequently used to understand the genetic architecture of quantitative traits.Herein,we performed a genome scanfor QTL affecting the morphometric characters in eight full-sib families containing 522 individuals using different statistical methods(Sib-pair and half-sib model).A total of 194 QTLs were detected in 25 different regions on 10 linkage groups(LGs).Among them,37 QTLs on five LGs(eight,13,24,40 and 45) were significant(5%genome-wide level),while the remaining 40(1%chromosome-wide level) and 117(5%chromosome-wide level) indicated suggestive effect on those traits.Heritabilities for most morphometric traits were moderate to high,ranging from 0.21 to 0.66,with generally strong phenotypic and genetic correlations between the traits.A large number of QTLs for morphometric traits were co-located,consistent with their high correlations,and may reflect pleiotropic effect on the same genes.Biological pathways were mapped for possible candidate genes on QTL regions.One significantly enriched pathway was identified onLG45,which had a P-value of 0.04 and corresponded to the "regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway".The results are expected to be useful in marker-assisted selection(MAS) and provide valuable information for the study of gene pathway for morphometric and growth traits of the common carp.

A new analytical method for quantifying of sterane and hopane biomarkers

An analytical method for quantifying biomarker compounds of the sterane and the hopane existing in saturated hydrocarbons has been established by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-flame ionization detector(GC×GC-FID) with optimized operating parameters. The new method achieves the quantification by using a GC×GC-FID system which is able to completely separate steranes from hopanes. The data obtained by the new method are of good repeatability and reliability. Compared with the original data, the relative standard deviations(RSDs) of 12 reference compounds are less than 5%. The RSDs of the quantitative results of the biomarkers based on seven separate analyses are also less than 5%. Compared with the traditional method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), the new method has a number of advantages, such as common internal standards(ISs), high resolution, no co-eluting peak, and no interference caused by diagnostic ion peaks. The new method provides petroleum geologists with an effective and scientific means in future researches.

High-throughput development of genome-wide locus-specific informative SSR markers in wheat

Dear Editor,Although simple sequence repeat（SSR）markers are not new,they are still useful and often used markers in molecular mapping and marker-assisted breeding,particularly in developing countries.However,locus-specific SSR markers could be more useful and informative in wheat breeding and genetic studies.In the present study,221,911 locus-specific SSR markers were designed.Verification of polymorphisms showed that the proportion of polymorphic markers increases with an increase in SSR size.