中小型制革企业生产废水全物化处理

采用以内电解为主的全物化工艺处理制革废水 ,当进水 CODCr、BOD5、SS分别为 1973mg/ L、974 mg/ L、12 98mg/ L时 ,出水水质能够稳定达到二级排放标准。本工艺特别适合间歇生产的中小型制革企业 ,具有启动速度极快 ,操作简便 ,运行稳定并受气温影响小 ,脱色效果好 。

全生物化组织工程血管构建的初步研究

为探索在体外初步构建全生物化组织工程血管,采用以酶消化为主的方法制备猪颈总动脉脱细胞支架,再种植犬胸主动脉的平滑肌细胞,培养四周。经组织学染色和电镜观察显示:在猪颈总动脉脱细胞支架上,犬血管平滑肌细胞大量生长,组织学和电镜结构与正常血管壁结构类似。结果表明,我们初步成功地构建了全生物化组织工程血管,为临床血管替代物的基础研究提供了有意义的实验资料。

Synthesis of High Purity Lithium Sulfide for Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Applications through Hydrogen Reduction of Lithium Sulfate

This paper is aimed to present a clean,inexpensive and sustainable method to synthesize high purity lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S)powder through hydrogen reduction of lithium sulfate(Li_(2)SO_(4)).A three-step reduction process has been successfully developed to synthesize well-crystallized and single-phase Li_(2)S powder by investigating the melting,sintering and reduction behavior of the mixtures of Li_(2)SO_(4)-Li_(2)S.High purity alumina was found to be the most suitable crucible material for producing high purity Li_(2)S,because it was not attacked by the Li_(2)SO_(4)-Li_(2)S melt during heating,as compared with other materials,such as carbon,mullite,quartz,boron nitride and stainless steel.The use of synthesized LizS resulted in higher purity and substantially higher room temperature ionic conductivity(2.77 mS·cm^(-1))for the argyrodite sulfide electrolyte Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl than commercial Li_(2)S(1.12 mS·cm^(-1)).This novel method offers a great opportunity to produce battery grade Li_(2)S for sulfide solid electrolyte applications.

在数据仓库中如何有效地实现数据立方体的计算

有效的实现数据立方体的计算是提高数据仓库查询效率的有力方法。在设计方体时要对方体维护成本和查询响应时间这两个因素加以考虑,从而产生了方体的部分物化和全物化两种方法。通过对数据仓库中如何有效的进行数据立方体计算的讨论,提出了实现数据立方体部分物化和全物化的算法。

A Review of Impacts of Climate Change on Birds:Implications of Long-term Studies

It is generally accepted that climate has changed greatly on a global scale, and that the earth＇s climate has already wanned by some degrees over the past century. Ample evidence shows that there have been apparent changes in avian population dynamics, life-history traits and geographic ranges in response to global climate change. This paper briefly reviews the possible effects of climate change on avian biology and ecology all over the world, with emphasis on new findings from several long-term studies in Europe and North America, which provide unique opportunities to investigate how long-term changes in climate affect birds at both individual and population levels. The implications of such long-term studies for future bird studies in China is discussed with hope that this review can contribute to the preparation and plan for studies of climatic effects on birds in China in the future.

Total Synthesis of Anisodine

Aim To design a practical synthetic route of anisodine. Methods Starting from3α-hydroxy-6β-acetyltropine, anisodine was synthesized in 11 steps. Result Anisodine wasobtainded with an overall yield of 2.6 % . Conclusion Total synthetic route of anisodine wasachieved which may afford a possible route for commercial preparation of anisodine.

Study on the Changes of Non-structural Carbohydrates and Nitrogen Contents of Quercus aquifolioides Scrub along Different Elevation Gradient

[Objective] The aim was to compare the content changes between the non-structural carbohydrates（NSC）and the total nitrogen in various growing seasons,and to explore the response relationship between altitude and the contents.[Method] Taking Quercus aquifolioides scrub which widely distributed in Zheduoshan in the west of Sichuan as the experimental objects,the changes between NSC and the toal nitrogen in various growing seasons at different altitude were studied.[Result] The results showed that the content of NSC in Quercus aquifolioides underground increased with the lift of elevation in the dormancy,but decreased in the early germination,growing period and growth stage.The content of NSC in the ground tissue changed non-linearly with increasing elevation.In addition,the total nitrogen of Quercus aquifolioides organizations was decreasing with increasing elevation in the dormant period,which did not change significantly in the other periods.This result implied that the content of NSC in Quercus aquifolioides underground was more sensitive to temperature.[Conclusion] The experiment laid basis for the exploration of the physical and ecological mechanism of underground plants adaptability to highland environment,their response to global climate changes and adjustment to high altitude ecological system.

Breeding of Mycoplasmal pneumonia-negative Swine Population Using Combination Therapy,Segregated Early Weaning(SEW) and Three-point Production System

In order to explore a breeding method for mycoplasmal pneumonia-negative swine population, the purifying effects of combination therapy, SEW and three-point breeding and management system on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were investigated in this study. After the processes of screening pregnant sows, programmed therapy for sows, SEW, three-point breeding and management in the barrier isolation system and programmed therapy for piglets, the newly-bred piglets were monitored as long as four months by serum antibody detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and fluorescent quantitative PCR of nose swabs. The results showed that when the newlybred five batches of piglets were older than 35 d, they were all negative by serum antibody detection and nose swab antigen detection. Therefore, the combination therapy, SEW and three-point production and management system can effectively purify Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, providing theoretical basis and clinical experience for the control and purification of domestic mycoplasmal pneumonia.

Electrochemical behavior of graphite anode during anode effect in cryolite molten salts

Anodic electrochemical behavior was studied on graphite anode at 1000 ℃ in cryolite-alumina molten salt by means of cyclic voltammetry. The high current peak in a typical cyclic voltammogram was discussed. It is considered that a type of oxyfluoroaliminate complex anions reacts with carbon to form a high-resistance CF film on the anode surface at a high potential. The passivation potential is 3.28 V in 0.5% alumina-containing electrolyte, and the passivation potential increases with alumina content increasing which indicates that the alumina content determines the anodic process in the cryolite-alumina molten salt system.

Dual-Work-Function Ni-FUSI Metal Gate for CMOS Technology

This paper investigates the work function adjustment of a full silicidation （Ni-FUSI） metal gate. It is found that implanting dopant into poly-Si before silicidation can modulate the work function of a Ni-FUSI metal gate efficiently. With the implantation of p-type or n-type dopants,such as BF2 ,As,and P,the work function of a Ni-FUSI metal gate can be made higher or lower to satisfy the requirement of pMOS or nMOS, respectively. But implanting a high dose of As into a poly-Si gate before silicidation will cause the delamination effect and EOT loss,and thus As dopant is not suitable to be used to adjust the work function of a Ni-FUSI metal gate. Due to the EOT reduction in the FUSI Process,the gate leakage current of a FUSI metal gate capacitor is larger than that of a poly-Si gate capacitor.

Early metabolism evaluation making traditional Chinese medicine effective and safe therapeutics

Increasing attention is being paid to the scientific evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. As many TCMs are capable of biotransformation in the gastrointestinal tract, attention to biotransforrnation of TCM in the gastrointestinal tract may lead to discovery of the active components and active mechanisms. In this article, we review reports that host metabolic enzymes and intestinal bacteria may be responsible for the metabolism of TCM. Good understanding of the in vivo course of TCM will help us to know how to conduct metabolism evaluation of TCM by using in vitro human-derived system. This evaluation system will create new views on TCM as effective and safe therapeutic agents.

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay,China V:Silicon deficit process

Silicon is a necessary nutrient for diatoms, silicon uptake in diatom reproduction decreased sea- water silicon content. This paper clarified the characteristics of silicon transferring in the sea, which plays an important role in phytoplankton growth, zooplankton graze and marine ecosystem. Analysis revealed that silicate is supplied by terrestrial sources, through plankton uptake, death, and eventually deposits to the sea bottom, and cannot diffuse upward. This is a general silicon deficit process. Many global marine waters showed the same silicon transfer route: land→silicon biogeochemical process→sea bottom. River flow brings abundant silicate into marine waters, silicate concentration in the waters decreased in the distance away from the river estuaries. In discussion of silicon characteristics and its transfer route, it was considered that the main factor controlling the mechanism of diatom and non-diatom red tides occurrence is silicon, and the changes in silicon source. Human activities, such as sea-route cutting by building embankment and dam, and silicon supplement by the sea, such as sandstorm, rainstorm and storm tide, have largely impaired the earth ecosystem and hugely threatened the human existence. It is suggested in this paper that man should resume the original face of the Si input into the sea to keep natural ecosystem in sustainable pattern.

Mechanism of Off-Bottom Suspension of Solid Particles in a Mechanical Stirred Tank

The minimum fluid velocity to maintain particles just suspendedwas deduced, and the theoretical analysis shows that the minimumvelocity is influenced by the properties of the solid and liquid, notby the operational conditions. For justification, the local minimumvelocity at the bottom of the tank was measured by a bi- electrodeconductivity probe, in a square-sectioned stirred tank (0.75m×0.75×1.0m) with the glass beads-water system. The experiments showed thatthe fluid velocities for the same suspension state were identicaldespite that the power Dissipated per unite mass was not the sameunder different configuration and operation. Both theoreticalanalysis And experimental results indicate that the off-bottomsuspension is controlled by the local fluid flow over the bottom Ofthe stirred tank.

Reperfusion injury after critical intestinal ischemia and its correction with perfluorochemical emulsion "perftoran"

AIM： To investigate the anti-ischemic properties of perfluorochemical emulsion ＂perftoran＂ in mesenteric region. METHODS： Experiments were conducted on 146 nonlinear white male rats weighing 200-350 g. Partial critical intestinal ischemia was induced by thorough atraumatic strangulation of 5-6 cm jejunal loop with its mesentery for 90 rain. Global critical intestinal ischemia was made by atraumatic occlusion of the cranial mesenteric artery （CMA） for 90 rain also. Perftoran （PF, 0.8-1.0 mL per 100 g） in experimental groups or 0.9% sodium chloride in control groups was injected at 75 rain of ischemic period. Mean systemic arterial blood pressure （BPM） registration, intravital microscopy and morphological examination of ischemic intestine and its mesentery were performed in both groups. RESULTS： During 90 min of reperfusion, BPM progressively decreased to 27.3±7.4% after PF administration vs 38.6±8.0% in the control group of rats with partial intestinal ischemia （NS） and to 50.3±6.9% vs 53.1±5.8% in rats after global ischemia （NS）. During the reperfusion period, full restoration of microcirculation was never registered; parts with restored blood flow had leukocyte and erythrocyte stasis and intra-vascular clotting, a typical ＂non-reflow＂phenomenon. The reduction of mesenteric 50-400 μm feeding artery diameter was significantly less in the PF group than in the control group （24±5.5% vs 45.2±3.6%, P〈0.05） 5 min after partial intestinal ischemia. This decrease progressed but differences between groups minimized at the 90th min of reperfusion （41.5±4.2% and 50.3±2.8%, respectively）. In reperfusion of rat＇s intestine, a significant mucosal alteration was registered. Villous height decreased 2.5-3 times and the quantity of crypts decreased more than twice. In the group of rats administered PF, intestinal mucosal layer was protected from irreversible post-ischemic derangement during reperfusion. Saved cryptal epithelial cells were the source of regeneration of the epithelium, which began to cover renewing intestinal villi after 24 h of blood flow restoration. View of morphological alterations was more heterogeneous in CMA groups. CONCLUSION： Systemic administration of perftoran promotes earlier and more complete structural regeneration during reperfusion in rats after partial and global critical intestinal ischemia.

Measurement of serum cystatin C,creatinine clearance and urea micro-albumin as renal function evaluation indicators in cancer patients during chemotherapy with platinum

Objective:Chemotherapy drugs such as platinum may cause damage to the renal function,creatinine clearance(Ccr),as a "golden standard" indicator in clinical evaluation of renal function,was limited in application due to complicated detection steps.By detecting the expression of serum Cystatin C(Cys C),Ccr and urinary micro-albumin(UMA),this study was designed to analyze and discuss their roles and status in renal function evaluation for cancer patients before and after chemotherapy with platinum.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 110 patients who receiving platinum-containing protocols or non-platinum-containing ones,and got the expression of Cys C,Ccr(was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) and UMA,then analyzed whether there were differences for Cys C,Ccr and UMA in those patients;for patients with mildly impaired renal function(Ccr between 50-75 mL/min),whether there were differences for Cys C and UMA before and after chemotherapy with platinum.Results:There was statistical significance for Ccr,Cys C and UMA in patients who receiving platinum-containing protocols(85.01 ± 28.40) vs(76.79 ± 26.63) mL/min,(1.49 ± 0.50) vs(1.80 ± 0.84) mg/L and(14.30 ± 9.15) vs(16.90 ± 10.95) mg/L,P = 0.00,0.00 and 0.01),and no statistical significance for those receiving non-platinum-containing ones(89.45 ± 29.69) vs(86.78 ± 27.96) mL/min,(1.51 ± 0.78) vs(1.63 ± 0.73)mg/L and(17.31 ± 10.46) vs(16.59 ± 8.33) mg/L,P = 0.45,0.07 and 0.57);and there were also significant differences for Cys C for patients with mildly impaired renal function before and after chemotherapy(1.68 ± 0.55) vs(2.04 ± 0.68) mg/L,P = 0.03),while no statistical significance for UMA for the same ones(21.11 ± 10.06) vs(21.22 ± 8.81) mg/L,P = 0.93).There were statistical significance both for Cys C and UMA before and after chemotherapy in platinum-containing group,but the AUC for Ccr and Cys C is greater than that for UMA(P < 0.02).Conclusion:Cys C and UMA can both access renal dysfunction early after chemotherapy,but Cys C is more sensitive than UMA in reflecting early renal dysfunction,so Cys C can replace Ccr and become a reliable indicator in the assessment of renal function for cancer patients before and after chemotherapy especially with platinum.

The global diversification of songbirds (Oscines) and the build-up of the Sino-Himalayan diversity hotspot

Over the last decade, molecular phylogenetic studies have provided the foundation for a comprehensive analysis of the global diversification of songbirds (Oscines), which comprise nearly half of all the birds of the world. By comparing the spatial distribution of species representing basal and terminal root-path groups, this paper provides graphical illustrations of the global pattern of diversification for the major songbird clades. The worldwide expansion of songbirds started as an island radiation in the area where New Guinea is now located, but the mountains of southern China represent a principal center for more recent diversification. The paper suggests priorities and perspectives for further research aiming to understand what determines the variation in biodiversity on different spatial scales.

Fully Quantized Theory of Six-Wave Mixing with Matter Waves

We show that Wu-Yang theory of fully quantized four-wave mixing can be generalized to the six-wave mixing and derive the analytical solution of the coupled equations describing the quantum dynamics of six-wave mixing.

Plant Diseases in Globally Changing Russian Climate

Across all Russia global climate change is observed. Consequences of climatic changes, undoubtedly, will be reflected in distribution of harmful organisms, their injuriousness and will demand development of new approaches in plant protection. Over the last 10 years, the spread of cereal crop diseases in the Northwest Russia has been monitored. The purpose of researches is to find new diseases in the Northwest region of Russia. Disease progression was mainly monitored 3 or 4 times during the growing season, from germination to crop maturity. As a result in this region the new diseases were found. In 2005-2007 the causal agent of yellow leaf spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was found on wheat. Fusarium graminearum historically has two areas in Russia： the North Caucasus and the Far East. However, since 2003 F. graminearum appeared on the territory of the North-West of Russia. Septoria tritici became the main pathogen of wheat in the North-Western Region.. In 2013 Ramularia collo-cygni was found in Arkhangelsk region. These observations suggest that global warming of climate leads to an expansion south species pathogen to the north regions of Russia.

Spatial Light Modulator with BSO Crystal and Its Application in Holography

The combined use of the photoelectric and electro-optic properties of BSO crystal (Bi 12 SiO 20 ) leads to realize spatial light modulation.Under some condition,BSO crystal can become birefringent depending on a local illuminance.The relationship between the distributions of an illuminance and a birefringence will be discussed.This spatial light modulator can work in real-time. The experiment shows,in order to increase the sensitivity of BSO crystal,an electric field of 6 kV/cm at an atmosphere pressure of 15×10 5 Pa should be applied to BSO crystal.With BSO we have measured 3-dimensional deformation by means of real-time holography.

Swells of the East China Sea

Over the past few decades,an increasing number of marine activities have been conducted in the East China Sea,including the construction of various marine structures and the passage of large ships.Marine safety issues are paramount and are becoming more important with respect to the likely increase in size of ocean waves in relation to global climate change and associated typhoons.In addition,swells also can be very dangerous because they induce the resonance of floating structures,including ships.This study focuses on an investigation of swells in the East China Sea and uses hindcast data for waves over the past 5 years in a numerical model,WAVEWATCH III(WW3),together with historical climate data.The numerical calculation domain covers the entire North West Pacific.Next,swells are separated and analyzed using simulated wave fields,and both the characteristics and generation mechanisms of swells are investigated.