Economic Globalization: An Irresistible Trend Despite Imperfections

The world is entering into a new era of economic globalization. Realizing the benefits of globalization depends on a host of realistic conditions including technology and infrastructure, geopolitical pattern and the structure of market power, and international institutional arrangements, i.e., the global governance structure, among others. In this new era of economic globalization, international competition boils down to the ＂good governance＂ of countries rather than the use of force and hegemonism. Most importantly, a country must promote the vibrancy of innovation in order to stay competitive and creative. In this sense, China＇s position in the new era of economic globalization hinges upon its transition from being the ＂leader of world economic growth＂ to being a future ＂leader of good governance and vibrancy. ＂ Interests of various economies become interlocked, intertwined and overlap. Despite the inevitability of conflicts and frictions, more inclusive and balanced global development serves the interests of most nations. For great powers with extended boundaries of interests across the world, the maintenance of the new balance of power in economic globalization is consistent with their respective national interests. Hence, in the new era of economic globalization characterized by the inevitability of intricate interests and inevitable conflicts, the world is likely to be more peaceful, competitive and inclusive than any previous age of economic globalization.

近期国际油气投资环境形势分析

近期,美国全球战略收缩导致的"领导真空"不仅加剧了世界各地区的政治波动,而且使各国对其倡导的经济模式产生了质疑,致使保护主义思潮又起,各国政府更倾向于"带门禁的全球化",进而影响了国际投资与贸易。与此同时,人口迅速增加的发展中国家和以中国为代表的新兴力量对世界格局产生越来越重要的影响,人口增长引发的资源环境压力成为社会动荡的主要因素,而积极参与国际事务的中国在这种历史大变革中不可避免地会引发一些改变和冲突。努力迈向"世界水平"的中国石油企业需要通过加强形势研判来适应世界甚至领先世界,并与之相适应地进行整体投资调整和全球生产调配,以实现国际化发展战略。

Neutral responses of plant community Ca concentration to nitrogen enrichment in a semiarid grassland

Calcium(Ca)is an essential nutrient for plant growth and Ca concentrations in forage have important implications for ruminant diet and health.It remains an open question whether forage Ca concentration would be decreased by increasing nitrogen(N)deposition.We manipulated the increasing rates of N addition(2008–2015)in a semiarid grassland,northern China.Plant Ca concentrations for all species were examined in each plot under N treatment.The Ca concentrations at functional group and community levels were calculated based on the concentration of each species presented and their relative biomass in each plot.We found that community-level Ca concentration remained stable across a gradient of wide-ranged N addition rates,although Ca concentration at both species and functional group levels showed negative responses to N enrichment.Given that forbs had higher Ca concentration than grasses,the increasing relative biomass of forbs canceled out the negative responses of species-level and functional group-level Ca concentration.Our results further showed that community Ca pool showed a positive but saturating response to N addition,with a threshold at the rate of 10 g N m^(−2)yr^(−1).Our findings highlight the role of changes in plant relative biomass in controlling the responses of forage Ca concentration and stock to N enrichment.

Strategic Mutual Trust from the Perspective of Spatial Blending

As global, regional, national, local and other spatial forms become mutually embedded and interwoven, a new anti-globalization force is shaping a ＂reverse globalization trend＂ in an attempt to go beyond the integrated ＂capital-production-market＂ model established in the previous globalization era. Amid continuous social change, economic space has seen a reassertion of trade protectionism, while political space is facing the rise of populist parties. Britain＇s exit from European Union has dealt a heavy blow to the process of European integration, once again empowering national and local levels through traditional sentiments and redefining the international order in the new era of globalization. In this new era, as global economic integration slows down, the Chinese plan of the Belt and Road Initiative focuses on building a ＂community of shared future for mankind,＂ ＂with unwavering efforts to advance and guide economic globalization trends.＂ Its open and inclusive strategic content; its strategic orientation of mutual learning; and its strategic aim of development and coexistence on an economic basis under political intermediation and through the guidance of culture highlight the integration of economic space, mutual trust in political space, and inclusiveness incultural space. The spatial extension of the strategic mutual trust of the Belt and Road Initiative originates in rational reflection on fundamental emotional expectations; instrumental sharing of benefit; emotional involvement; and value judgments. Based on the fact that the population along its route are recipients of the values of strategic mutual trust and also makers of its meanings, we can divide the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative into cultural resonance zones, zones that activate the interests of different parties, and zones that promote identification, combining regional nodes and cooperative content. In order to enhance the degree of congruence of strategic mutual trust, we should disseminate these values in a way that combines charm, comprehensiveness and accuracy.

Understanding Chinese Qigong in the context of Western culture

It tries to present various perspectives on the value that Qigong brings to the Western world,responding to medical,creative and spiritual needs,and proposes a cultural approach to its dissemination that can encompass all its facets.In the current growth of China's soft power and the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative,there is a clear opportunity for the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Qigong abroad that shall bear fruit in the near future,gradually shifting the role of China in the world stage:from a manufactured products supplier to a major influence in culture,lifestyle and thought.

The Historical and Present Dimensions of Consensus on New Global Governance

The experience and lessons from the century and the experience of successful development of market economy since the 19th socialism with Chinese characteristics show that the free development of the market needs corresponding governance to match up with it, or the other way round it will inevitably enlarge the negative influence of the market and lead to the intensification of social contradictions. In order to promote the healthy development of economic globalization, it is necessary to adjust the previous neoliberal order and establish a new global governance model, for the old order is oriented towards complete marketization, privatization and Westernized political system in terms of governance. This model is the crux of many problems in the current economic globalization. For this reason, the new global governance should be based on the following consensus： The balance between the market and the state recognizes a diversified national governance mode, but such pluralistic mode should be premised on win-win cooperation and mutual benefits, and boosting development provides a basis for guaranteeing the smooth development of current economic globalization. At present, it is urgent to find a global approach to the improvement of development to cope with the tmdercurrents of de- and anti-globalization. So, the author holds that on the basis of the ＂Belt and Road Initiative,＂ the construction of global infrastructure should be used as a new growth point for promoting global economy. This solution can alleviate the difficulties of employment loss and weak growth in some developed countries in the West, improve the development capacity of developing countries, and meanwhile enhance the production capacity and capital exports of countries like China.

Determinants and identification of the northern boundary of China's tropical zone

The influence of monsoon climatic characteristics makes the tropics of China different from those of other parts of the world. Therefore, the location of the northern boundary of China's tropical zone has been one of the most controversial issues in the study of comprehensive physical regionalisation in China. This paper introduces developments in the study of the northern boundary of China's tropical zone, in which different scholars delimit the boundary with great differences based on different regionalisation objectives, indexes, and methods. The main divergence of opinion is found in different understandings of zonal vegetation, agricultural vegetation type, cropping systems, tropical soil type and tropical characteristics. In this study, we applied the Geo Detector model, which measures the spatial stratified heterogeneity, to validate the northern boundaries of the tropical zone delimited by six principal scholars. The results show that the mean q-statistic value of the higher latitude boundary delimited by Ren Mei'e is the largest(q=0.37), suggesting that, of the rival views, it best reflects the regional differences between China's tropical and subtropical zones, but it is not necessarily suitable for guiding the development of tropical agriculture. The mean values of the q-statistics of Zheng Du's line and Yu Xianfang's line around the Leizhou Peninsula at a lower latitude were smaller, at 0.10 and 0.08 respectively, indicating that the regional differences were smaller than those of Ren Mei'e's boundary. Against the background of global climate change, the climate itself is changing in fluctuation. It is, thus, worth our further research whether the northern boundary of the tropical zone should not be a fixed line but rather should fluctuate within a certain scope to reflect these changes.

A global empirical model for mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water vapor using GGOS Atmosphere data

The importance of water vapor in research of global climate change and weather forecast cannot be over emphasized; therefore substantial efforts have been made in exploring the optimal methods to measure water vapor. It is well-established that with a conversion factor, zenith wet delays can be mapped onto precipitable water vapor （PWV）. However, the determination of the exact conversion factor depends heavily on the accurate calculation of a key variable, weighted mean temperature of the trop- osphere （Tin）. AS a critical parameter in Global Positioning System （GPS） meteorology, Tm has recently been modeled into a global grid known as GWMT. The GWMT model only requires the location and the day of year to calculate Tm. Despite the advantages that the GWMT model offers, anomalies still exist in oceanic areas due to low sampling resolution. In this study, we refine the GWMT model by incorporating the global Tm grid from Global Geodetic Observing System （GGOS） and obtain an improved model, GWMT-G. The results indicate that the GWMT-G model successfully addresses the anomaly in oceanic areas in the GWMT model and significantly improves the accuracy of Tm in other regions.