全球伦理的可能性:“金规则”的三种模式

本文将世界各大文明中普遍存在的道德基本原则即以“己所不欲勿施于人”为代表的“金规则”区分为三个不同层次的模式,即1.“儒教—犹太教理解模式”,2.“基督教理解模式”,3.“康德理解模式”。作者指出,第一种模式未能摆脱等级、地位、种族、血缘等等外在的束缚,其适用性随着范围的扩大而缩小;第二种模式摆脱了外在世俗的束缚,将个人唯一地建立在“灵”之上,但未摆脱上帝权威的束缚,其普世性仍带有强制性;唯有第三种模式是建立在人人具有的个体人格和理性之上,是真正普适的道德律,其他形式的“金规则”都要从这一层次上来理解才会具有道德性,也唯有它才是真正适合于充当“全球伦理”的“金规则”的。其缺点是太理性,容易导致形式主义,但这是人性内部的问题,有待于进一步完善。

A Review of Impacts of Climate Change on Birds:Implications of Long-term Studies

It is generally accepted that climate has changed greatly on a global scale, and that the earth＇s climate has already wanned by some degrees over the past century. Ample evidence shows that there have been apparent changes in avian population dynamics, life-history traits and geographic ranges in response to global climate change. This paper briefly reviews the possible effects of climate change on avian biology and ecology all over the world, with emphasis on new findings from several long-term studies in Europe and North America, which provide unique opportunities to investigate how long-term changes in climate affect birds at both individual and population levels. The implications of such long-term studies for future bird studies in China is discussed with hope that this review can contribute to the preparation and plan for studies of climatic effects on birds in China in the future.

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay,China V:Silicon deficit process

Silicon is a necessary nutrient for diatoms, silicon uptake in diatom reproduction decreased sea- water silicon content. This paper clarified the characteristics of silicon transferring in the sea, which plays an important role in phytoplankton growth, zooplankton graze and marine ecosystem. Analysis revealed that silicate is supplied by terrestrial sources, through plankton uptake, death, and eventually deposits to the sea bottom, and cannot diffuse upward. This is a general silicon deficit process. Many global marine waters showed the same silicon transfer route: land→silicon biogeochemical process→sea bottom. River flow brings abundant silicate into marine waters, silicate concentration in the waters decreased in the distance away from the river estuaries. In discussion of silicon characteristics and its transfer route, it was considered that the main factor controlling the mechanism of diatom and non-diatom red tides occurrence is silicon, and the changes in silicon source. Human activities, such as sea-route cutting by building embankment and dam, and silicon supplement by the sea, such as sandstorm, rainstorm and storm tide, have largely impaired the earth ecosystem and hugely threatened the human existence. It is suggested in this paper that man should resume the original face of the Si input into the sea to keep natural ecosystem in sustainable pattern.

The global diversification of songbirds (Oscines) and the build-up of the Sino-Himalayan diversity hotspot

Over the last decade, molecular phylogenetic studies have provided the foundation for a comprehensive analysis of the global diversification of songbirds (Oscines), which comprise nearly half of all the birds of the world. By comparing the spatial distribution of species representing basal and terminal root-path groups, this paper provides graphical illustrations of the global pattern of diversification for the major songbird clades. The worldwide expansion of songbirds started as an island radiation in the area where New Guinea is now located, but the mountains of southern China represent a principal center for more recent diversification. The paper suggests priorities and perspectives for further research aiming to understand what determines the variation in biodiversity on different spatial scales.

Analysis of Western Countries' Anti-globalization

Anti-globalization trends are in play in the US and Western Europe where electorates are recalcitrant to allow immigrants into their societies, national sovereignty is sought in certain geographic areas, and the national mood seeks to suppress newly rising countries' trade and development. The continuation of economic downturn in Western countries is reinforced by their internal wealth gap and external competition. As capitalism's demand for profit is now being critiqued along with the emergent profit prospects to be delivered by pending technological progress, the temper of the times could temporarily slow down but not reverse globalization. Timely discussions about reform of international economic order and about an effective national development model should seek sustainable solutions for healthy, stable globalization and development of the world economy.

Globalization and Application of Strategic Management Model and Theories to Entrepreneurs in a Turbulent Economy

Globalization had changed the competitive landscape in which entrepreneurs used to compete. There are advantages and disadvantages of doing business globally. Globalization had also brought about many challenges to entrepreneurs in the management of their organization. The values and beliefs of managers and staff across the globe influence visions, missions of their organization. Culture, resources and business practices of countries vary widely. Entrepreneurs must deal with global issues side by side with domestic considerations. This paper looks into how the theories and model of strategic management remain useful and relevant to entrepreneurs in a globalized business world especially in a turbulent economy.

Managing Corporate Reputation in Times of Global Changes and Turbulence——A Strategy for Competitiveness

In times of global changes and turbulence like ours, more than anything, firms need some pillars of stability. By this paper we would like to develop a comprehensive and adaptive managerial approach of corporate reputation. This is based on the premise that intangible assets （in general） and corporate reputation （in particular） are more and more recognized and managed as sources of （unique） sustainable competitive advantages and as core determinants of firm competitiveness, which are relatively hard to build and very easy to loose.

Impact of Meteorological Drought on Streamflow Drought in Jinghe River Basin of China

Under global climate change, drought has become one of the most serious natural hazards, affecting the ecological environment and human life. Drought can be categorized as meteorological, agricultural, hydrological or socio-economic drought. Among the different categories of drought, hydrological drought, especially streamflow drought, has been given more attention by local governments, researchers and the public in recent years. Identifying the occurrence of streamflow drought and issuing early warning can provide timely information for effective water resources management. In this study, streamflow drought is detected by using the Standardized Runoff Index, whereas meteorological drought is detected by the Standardized Precipitation Index. Comparative analyses of frequency, magnitude, onset and duration are conducted to identify the impact of meteorological drought on streamflow drought. This study focuses on the Jinghe River Basin in Northwest China, mainly providing the following findings. 1) Eleven meteorological droughts and six streamflow droughts were indicated during 1970 and 1990 after pooling using Inter-event time and volume Criterion method. 2) Streamflow drought in the Jinghe River Basin lagged meteorological drought for about 127 days. 3) The frequency of streamflow drought in Jinghe River Basin was less than meteorological drought. However, the average duration of streamflow drought is longer. 4) The magnitude of streamflow drought is greater than meteorological drought. These results not only play an important theoretical role in understanding relationships between different drought categories, but also have practical implications for streamflow drought mitigation and regional water resources management.

Could Innovation be Driven by Globalization？

This paper examines the critical role of globalization as a driver for innovation. The introduction of the global strategy quadruple model truly links the three known strategy perspectives （namely, industry competition, resources and institution views） and performance. The model could assist in advancing the cause of sustainable competitive advantages. This study could assist scholars in addressing the three important research questions： （1） Why are some finns more innovative than others？ （2） What effects do product, firm, industry, and market innovativeness have on business performance？ and （3） Does the link between innovativeness and business performance depend on all or some of the innovativeness factors of product, firm, industry, and market？ The presented set of four hypotheses, when tested, will result in a better understanding of the links and relationships among a firm＇s global strategy, innovativeness, and business performance. The quadruple model presented can be used to examine these relationships in general and in the context of innovation. It is anticipated that this paper will assist researchers, business management, and analysts in developing global innovation strategies.

Globalization： The Paradox of Political Governance in Kenya： Domestic, Global, and Historical Forces

This essay is an historical, global, and intellectually oriented analytical commentary on 2013 general and quinquennial presidential election in Kenya and the factors that contributed to its outcome. The analysis and its interpretive conclusion have been informed via the reading of professor Sagini＇s two books

Challenges and Strategies for Courtroom Interpreter： A Case Study

Courtroom interpreting has now attracted more attentions due to the fast growth of interpreting as a profession and the development of globalization. Courtroom interpreting is different from other interpreting modes in that it involves both legal knowledge and interpreting capability. Misinterpreting in courtroom can pose a threat to the human rights and sometimes can be a matter of life and death. This paper discusses some common challenges faced by courtroom interpreters and proposes coping tactics guided by ethical principles

Forgiveness as the Guiding Principle for Individual Rebirth and Modern Universal Renaissance

In this paper, I first create new frameworks for a reflection on “human” and “humanism” in the time of globalization. As our intellectual perception of the world is becoming more universal and all-inclusive, so should also our hearts. The heart is the inner most core of being human, to become able to expand in unprecedented dimensions of human existence. In this context, I propose forgiveness as the guiding principle of expansion and inclusion, and consequently of becoming more human. If memory helps us to survive, forgetting allows us to go on living. The practice of forgetting, and consequently of reconciliation, is the distinctive and complex moment of human existence, when the human agent makes him/herself open and available to the present moment, and lives fully in the present moment. Once doing so, the present moment becomes the space in which s/he can reconcile with his/her past and shape his/her future. In the second part, I check possible impediments on our way to expansion and inclusion, as well as in our process of forgiveness and reconciliation. Pata？jali, in his instructions to yogis talks about kleshas, i.e. impediments or afflictions, which are weakening our way of thinking and acting. These kleshas include ignorance, ego, attachment, aversion, and the clinging to life. I take these kleshas also as afflictions on our way to becoming more human, or as impediments in our process of forgiveness and reconciliation. Finally, I reflect on the human urge to become more human. In our time of globalization, we are challenged to look at this urge from a universal perspective. This urge, bound with an inevitable process of forgiveness and reconciliation, challenges each religion and its dogmatic teaching, and represents the evaluative criterion. The spirituality, or religion, that which promulgates and lives forgiveness and reconciliation will automatically excel because it will succeed, without losing its own identity, to integrate and include otherness of the other.

Facility Management in the Globalized Society

Facility management is the multi-disciplinary kind of work that covers a wide range of various activities, responsibilities, and knowledge. Facility management provides and manages a variety of support services in order to prepare all the organisational functions, putting the accent on an integration of primary activities in strategic, tactical, and operational levels. In the final decade of the previous century, facility mmmgement industry emerged as one of the fastest growing sectors at the international level. Nowadays, the importance of the facility management is readily acknowledged in many companies worldwide, which recognises the necessity of properly managing elaborate and expensive support facilities. The tasks are multi-disciplinary and cover a wide range of activities, responsibilities, and knowledge, because every aspect of an organisation may come under the competency of the facility management. The main aim of the paper is to point out the well-founded applicability of the global facility management in companies, which in order to achieve the competitive advantage correctly strengthened the corporate core business and shift the support activities into the management of a specialist in this field. The paper also covers the scope of the facility management in the international context, and also in the Slovak Republic, considering the specificities of individual countries

Study on evaluation system of high & new technology superior enterprises

With the globalization of economy and science & technology, high & new technology enterprises have become the point of Chinese economic growth and the important basis for constructing innovative country. By analyzing the characteristics of high & new technology superior enterprises and the influential factors, the evaluation index and method based on Grey Relation Analysis are designed. Some high & new technology enterprises in Heilongjiang province are evaluated and application tactics of evaluation system are proposed. This study provides scientific method and basis for government to obtain development state about high & new technology enterprises and design planning and policies of high & new technology industry.

Verifying Ricardo＇s Model--Whether TPP is Right or Wrong？

Through his attempt to clarify justifiable economic circumstances where a policy of globalization and/or a policy of national isolation is proven valid, the author reveals in this thesis that there are two such economic phases： an economy where the theory of comparative advantage, proposed by David Ricardo, is applicable, and an economy where the theory is not applicable. The author applied his original approach to prove the validity of Ricardo＇s comparative advantage theory, and found that the theory can be justified only when a macro economy is in the thetical economic phase, where a policy of globalization is effective. It is a necessary and sufficient condition for the theory to be valid. In other words, Ricardo＇s theory of comparative advantage is not applicable when a macro economy is in the antithetical economic phase, where a policy of national isolation, instead of that of globalization, is valid. The thetical economic phase and the antithetical economic phase of a macro economy, referred to in this thesis by the author, are a version of an expression quite common in OR （operations research）.

Problems and Prospects Faced by Chinese Higher Education Management in the Era of Globalization

The present and future international competitions, in the final analysis, are the talent competition. China is the world＇ s most populous nation, and it is the world＇ s most resource-rich countries of labor. Full development of human resources enhance the people＇ s level of education in general, which is today＇ s global trend of development of human resources in order to enhance the comprehensive national strength, but also the inevitable choice based on China＇ s basic national conditions of building a moderately prosperous society. It is faced with competition for talent era of knowledge economy, and it is in the face of economic globalization and integration trends in the face of China＇ s human resources situation. How to make heavy population burden into a country rich in human resources and how to play this advantage, how to create hundreds of millions of high-quality workers and technical personnel, innovative talents, education, especially higher education in China will play an increasingly important role.

CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS: CHINA'S URBAN GOVERNANCE

China′s urban reforms have brought social progress and development, but a comprehensive national system of social welfare (for example, unemployment insurance, pensions, medical care and public housing) for new migrants from rural areas is lacking. One of the most remarkable changes in Chinese cities in the last decade was a change in social "equality", with the rise of new poverty both in individual communities and some social groups in urban society. However, there is little social assistance and public infrastructure for the migrants. Governments or communities or individual should pay attention to the control of new urban poverty and new slums. This paper consider that it is necessary to launch a successful policy, which include mainly: 1) accommodating urban growth through low cost investment projects; 2) urban economy depends heavily on successful macroeconomic policy; 3) to broaden the three channels linking adjustment to the incidence of urban poverty; 4) to restructure urban economic based on the high or new technology; 5) to coordinate relationship between urban economic growth and environment management for sustainable development of Beijing′s metropolitan fringe.

CNPC to Be Made Global Competitive Multinational Corporation——Mr. Chen Geng’s View on Oil Situation and CNPC’s Development Scheme in the New Era

Five fundamental judgments on oil security situation With the revival of world economy and acceleration of globalization, and with China＇s rapid growth in national economy and improved market accessibility, both global and domestic macro situations are undergoing profound changes.

Exploring China＇s （Shanghai） Pilot Free Trade Zone ra——the ＂Negative List＂ Mode

China （Shanghai） pilot free trade zone （FTZ）formally approved by the state council on August 22, 2013, was officially opened on September 29. It is the important measures to comprehensiw＇,ly deepen reforms and open still wider to the outside world in China. Exploring ＂pre-establistnnent national treatment＂ and ＂negative list＂ management mode is a feature of the free trade zone of Shanghai, which is adapt to economic globalization, to win the international competition o fthe initiative a qualitative leap.

The Globalisation of Firms as Social Systems

Existing theories of the globalisation of firms fall short of integrating evolutionary, self-reproductive mechanisms. This conceptual paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in systems theory and to develop a basic framework for the study of evolutionary processes in the globalisation of firms. Ontological, epistemological, and methodological consequences of an evolutionary social systems approach to globalisation will be discussed.