【目的】为小麦抗全蚀病育种提供更有效的抗病鉴定方法和便于利用的抗源材料。【方法】以感病小麦品种宁春4号为供试材料,将小麦全蚀病(G.graminis var tritici)菌种制成菌饼或菌粒,设菌饼法、菌粒法、菌粒+菌饼法和空白对照4个处理,调...【目的】为小麦抗全蚀病育种提供更有效的抗病鉴定方法和便于利用的抗源材料。【方法】以感病小麦品种宁春4号为供试材料,将小麦全蚀病(G.graminis var tritici)菌种制成菌饼或菌粒,设菌饼法、菌粒法、菌粒+菌饼法和空白对照4个处理,调查统计病根率、严重度和病茎率,用于筛选有效的抗病鉴定方法;选择22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料,采用优选出的抗病鉴定方法对其进行抗性鉴定,筛选便于利用的抗源材料。【结果】菌饼+菌粒法对宁春4号的致病力明显高于菌饼法和菌粒法,其病根率、严重度和病茎率分别达到100.0%,57.3%和28.6%。22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料间抗病性差异较大,其中小麦-簇毛麦易位系Pm97033的抗病性最强,病根率和严重度分别为11.3%和5.4%;代换系Wan7107次之,病根率和严重度分别为21.4%和10.6%;硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体(TH1)与普通小麦品种杂交后代的抗病性强于粗山羊草与普通小麦品种杂交后代。【结论】菌饼+菌粒法是较佳的小麦抗全蚀病鉴定方法;TH1是一个很好的抗全蚀病育种材料。展开更多
1988～1992年先后于我国北方10省(自治区)22市、县采集到玉米全蚀病罹病根茬,经分离培养获得21个致病力较强的菌株。根据各菌株的培养性状、形态特征、生理特性及致病性等可分为两类:一类M_1、M_2、M_3a、M_3b、M_3e、M_3f、M_3g、M_4a...1988～1992年先后于我国北方10省(自治区)22市、县采集到玉米全蚀病罹病根茬,经分离培养获得21个致病力较强的菌株。根据各菌株的培养性状、形态特征、生理特性及致病性等可分为两类:一类M_1、M_2、M_3a、M_3b、M_3e、M_3f、M_3g、M_4a、M_4c、M_4d、M_5a、M_5b、M_6、M_7a、M_7b、M_8a、M_8b、M_918个菌株属禾顶囊壳菌玉米变种[Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx et Olivier vat. maydis Yao, wang et Zhu];另一类M_3c、M_3d、M_4b菌株属禾顶囊壳菌水稻变种[Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx. et Olivier var. graminis Trans.]在玉米上的一个生理小种。变种内在培养性状、致病力、瓶梗孢子产生数量等方面存在着生理型差别和某些生理分化现象。展开更多
Fifty six endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from the roots of wheat,and one strain named G-32 was screened with antagonism on pathogenic fungi of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici.Preliminary characterizatio...Fifty six endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from the roots of wheat,and one strain named G-32 was screened with antagonism on pathogenic fungi of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici.Preliminary characterization indicated that G-32 was belonged to Bacillus cereus.The inhibitory action to the fungi was assayed in lab by using the fermentable extracts of antagonistic endophytic bacteria.The results showed that mycelium of G.graminis var.tritici growed slowly and the biomass reduced 89% compared with the control 6 d after inoculation.The hyphae were deformative which broke into pieces.Colonization was studied with dual-resistant label which suggested that the endophytic bacteria strain could colonize in the root systems of wheat.The control efficacy with G-32 strain against the disease of the wheat take-all in pot tests was better than that of common used chemical fungicide Diniconazole.展开更多
文摘【目的】为小麦抗全蚀病育种提供更有效的抗病鉴定方法和便于利用的抗源材料。【方法】以感病小麦品种宁春4号为供试材料,将小麦全蚀病(G.graminis var tritici)菌种制成菌饼或菌粒,设菌饼法、菌粒法、菌粒+菌饼法和空白对照4个处理,调查统计病根率、严重度和病茎率,用于筛选有效的抗病鉴定方法;选择22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料,采用优选出的抗病鉴定方法对其进行抗性鉴定,筛选便于利用的抗源材料。【结果】菌饼+菌粒法对宁春4号的致病力明显高于菌饼法和菌粒法,其病根率、严重度和病茎率分别达到100.0%,57.3%和28.6%。22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料间抗病性差异较大,其中小麦-簇毛麦易位系Pm97033的抗病性最强,病根率和严重度分别为11.3%和5.4%;代换系Wan7107次之,病根率和严重度分别为21.4%和10.6%;硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体(TH1)与普通小麦品种杂交后代的抗病性强于粗山羊草与普通小麦品种杂交后代。【结论】菌饼+菌粒法是较佳的小麦抗全蚀病鉴定方法;TH1是一个很好的抗全蚀病育种材料。
文摘1988～1992年先后于我国北方10省(自治区)22市、县采集到玉米全蚀病罹病根茬,经分离培养获得21个致病力较强的菌株。根据各菌株的培养性状、形态特征、生理特性及致病性等可分为两类:一类M_1、M_2、M_3a、M_3b、M_3e、M_3f、M_3g、M_4a、M_4c、M_4d、M_5a、M_5b、M_6、M_7a、M_7b、M_8a、M_8b、M_918个菌株属禾顶囊壳菌玉米变种[Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx et Olivier vat. maydis Yao, wang et Zhu];另一类M_3c、M_3d、M_4b菌株属禾顶囊壳菌水稻变种[Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx. et Olivier var. graminis Trans.]在玉米上的一个生理小种。变种内在培养性状、致病力、瓶梗孢子产生数量等方面存在着生理型差别和某些生理分化现象。
文摘Fifty six endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from the roots of wheat,and one strain named G-32 was screened with antagonism on pathogenic fungi of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici.Preliminary characterization indicated that G-32 was belonged to Bacillus cereus.The inhibitory action to the fungi was assayed in lab by using the fermentable extracts of antagonistic endophytic bacteria.The results showed that mycelium of G.graminis var.tritici growed slowly and the biomass reduced 89% compared with the control 6 d after inoculation.The hyphae were deformative which broke into pieces.Colonization was studied with dual-resistant label which suggested that the endophytic bacteria strain could colonize in the root systems of wheat.The control efficacy with G-32 strain against the disease of the wheat take-all in pot tests was better than that of common used chemical fungicide Diniconazole.
