全要素框架下乡村小规模学校教育质量困境及其破解

乡村小规模学校既是农村、偏远及贫困地区儿童就近入学的关键场所,又是实现城乡、地区和县域义务教育优质均衡发展的主要阵地。我国乡村小规模学校存在生源流失、公用经费与师资不足、教学专业化程度低及学生综合素质较差等特征化困境,需要追加教师激励与教育信息化专项资金,建立教育政策跟踪反馈机制,完善校长轮换与教师交流制度,构建多主体参与的乡村命运共同体,开展个性化教育督导,全面促进其教育质量的提升。

基于DEA的中国能源生产率增长变动及影响因素研究

本文基于生产率和效率的内涵界定,探讨了能源生产率、能源效率及变化率的衡量指标,指出若要度量能源利用的动态变化情况,生产率增长指标比效率改进指标更为合适;同时全要素框架下测算能源生产率增长率（即全要素能源生产率增长率）应比单要素能源生产率增长率更能准确反映能源生产率变动情况。通过将这两个指标用于2000~2010年能源生产率增长情况,本文发现两者在反映能源生产率增长率的纵向变化趋势时基本一致,但在横向比较时有一定差别。本文还发现受经济周期和政策环境变动的影响,2000~2010年我国全要素能源生产率增长率的演化趋势可分为4个阶段。最后,利用计量模型考察全要素能源生产率增长率的影响因素,并对在＂五年规划＂纳入节能指标对能源生产率的影响进行定量评估。

A Non-Parameter Decomposition Framework that Better Estimates Contributors to China＇s Economic Growth （1978-2010）

This paper has deduced a non-parameter analysis framework that can estimate the sources of economic growth based on provincial data as samples. Result of the estimate indicates that between 1978 and 2010, TFP, labor and capital contributed to China＇s economic growth by 10.9%, 3.7% and 85.4% respectively. If the impact of global financial crisis is not taken into account, these figures should be 20.70/0, 3.3% and 76.0%. Contribution of labor to economic growth is the smallest, below 8%for most of the years. Share of TFP contribution increased before the 1990s despite wild swings, exceeding 50% in 1992, followed by continuous decline until well below 10% after 2005. Share of capital contribution decreased before 1990s with wild swings and maintained an upward trend after 1992, approaching 90% after 2005.