基于全通滤波网络的土壤含水率传感器的设计

土壤水是土壤的三大组成物质之一,对植物生长起着十分重要的作用。通过对土壤含水率的实时监测,可以动态掌握土壤墒情,对于农业生产中的节水灌溉具有重要意义。设计了一种基于全通滤波网络的土壤含水率传感器。该传感器包含电极、超高频正弦波振荡器、全通滤波网络、相位补偿电路和信号相位差检测电路5个部分。传感器电极以电容的形式接入全通滤波网络,含水率不同的土壤其介电常数也不同,并导致电极电容发生变化,进而使得全通滤波网络的相频特性发生显著变化。传感器通过感知这种变化确定土壤含水率。为了使得全通滤波网络对电极电容变化的反应最灵敏,通过分析全通滤波网络相频特性函数,建立了寻找最优电阻阻值R1的目标函数。通过对该目标函数的求解得到了R1的最优值为11.25Ω。试验表明,传感器预测土壤质量含水率平均预测误差为1.51%,最大预测误差为4.71%。

一种提高变流器弱电网适应能力的全通前馈方法

弱电网下电网阻抗会严重影响并网变流器的稳定性,首先建立了含有电网电压前馈时并网变流器的阻抗模型,根据阻抗比判据分析了并网变流器在弱电网下的稳定性。针对传统电网电压前馈下并网变流器对弱电网适应能力较低的问题,提出了一种基于全通滤波的电网电压前馈方法,并分析了全通滤波器参数对系统弱电网适应能力的影响。理论分析表明基于全通滤波的电网电压前馈控制方法可显著提高并网变流器的弱电网适应能力。最后,搭建了系统仿真模型和实验样机,仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和所提控制策略的有效性。

程控滤波器

本程控滤波器采用AD603小信号放大器、C8051060单片机和可编程滤波器芯片MAX262进行设计。AD603是一个低噪、90MHz带宽增益可调的集成运放芯片,具有程控增益调整功能,为了提高AD603的放大精度,精确控制放大倍数,在设计时使用电压跟随器来提高其输入阻抗,并采用可编程滤波器芯片MAX262可以对输入信号进行二阶低通、高通、带通、带阻以及全通滤波处理,滤波器的中心频率在15kHz～50kHz频率范围内实现64级程控调节,其Q值在0.5～64范围实现128级程控调节。

具有相位补偿的高精度过零检测方法研究

针对传统过零检测方法因高频干扰和相位延迟而影响检测精度的问题,提出了具有相位补偿功能的高精度过零检测方法。分析了传统检测方法的工作机理和存在的不足,设计了一种压控电压源型二阶低通滤波器和全通滤波器的改进电路,并对其工作机理和频域特性进行了理论分析,同时给出了仿真及实验结果。结果表明,该方法设计的过零检测电路提高了同步脉冲信号的检测精度,并具有良好的稳定性,简化了后续软件设计的复杂性。

一种提高声呐波束角度分辨率的方法

为了提高声呐波束的角度分辨率,本文提出了接收换能器阵元域数据在角域中对消波动性再做常规波束形成的方法。仿真了该高分辨率形成波束的指向性和角度分辨能力,结果表明形成的波束比常规形成波束具有更高的角度分辨率。用高分辨率波束形成的多波束对湖试数据进行水声成像,得到了比用常规波束形成进行水声成像更高分辨率的声图。阵元域数据在角域中对消减弱了有限孔径对波动传播的衍射,从而提高了波束的角度分辨率。

Robust adaptive dynamic surface control for nonlinear uncertain systems

We propose a new method for robust adaptive backstepping control of nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainties and disturbances in the strict feedback form. The method is called dynamic surface control. Traditional backstepping algorithms require repeated differentiations of the modelled nonlinearities. The addition of n first order low pass filters allows the algorithm to be implemented without differentiating any model nonlinearities, thus ending the complexity arising due to the 'explosion of terms' that makes other methods difficult to implement in practice. The combined robust adaptive backstepping/first order filter system is proved to be semiglobally asymptotically stable for sufficiently fast filters by a singular perturbation approach. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the controller designed by the method.

Fully Differential Leapfrog Implementation for High-Pass Ladder Filters

This paper presents a novel leapfrog signal flow graph （SFG） implementation by fully differential Op amp integrators, which combines low sensitivity, high dynamic range with simple circuit configuration. The direct SFG simulation and leapfrog SFG simulation can yield integrator-based structures likewise, but both of them will lead to higher circuit complexity, noise density and sensitivity. Three Butterworth 5-order high-pass filters with a pass band edge frequency of 1.778 kHz are designed based on different SFGs. From the example, the noise density of the sim- plest leapfrog configuration is approximately 0.4 nV/Hz~/2 lower than those of the other two in the stop band, and shows the best noise density in the pass band. The sensitivity densities of two types of leapfrog filters are approxi- mately equivalent, while that of the direct SFG simulation filter is much higher. However, the pass band response of the simplest configuration is not as good as those of the other two because of two parasitic zeros （at 708 kHz, -31.6 dB and 1.59 MHz, 20.55 dB） and a parasitic pole （at 4.57 MHz, 45.5 dB）.

Instantaneous microwave frequency measurement based on hybrid microwave photonic filter

A novel photonic technique for instantaneous microwave frequency measurement based on hybrid microwave photonic filter(HMPF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The HMPF is composed of an all-pass filter and a band-pass filter with negative coefficients. By properly controlling the power relationship between the all-pass filter and the band-pass filter, the HMPF can realize a monotonic frequency response, and then a unique relationship between the output power and the input frequency is established. A high measurement resolution can be achieved for a given frequency range.

Theoretical study of all-optical NRZ to RZ format conversion with tunable pulse width based on XPM in a silicon waveguide

An all-optical format conversion from non-return-to-zero （NRZ） to return-to-zero （RZ） is presented based on cross-phase modulation （XPM） in a silicon waveguide with a detuned optical bandpass filter （OBPF）. The simulation results show that the tunable bandwidth of the OBPF leads.to RZ signals with tunable pulse width. The conversion efficiency （CE） and the pattern effect of the RZ signal are attributed to the parameters of the pump pulse and the OBPE The converted RZ signal exhibits lower timing jitter than the NRZ signal.