国内城市公共空间公共性评价研究初探

城市公共空间公共性评价近年已经成为我国建成环境领域中的一个研究热点,但目前尚缺少一套完整和系统的评价方法。该文在梳理中西方公共性概念差异的基础上,对中西关于“公共性”与城市公共空间发展关联和城市公共空间公共性评价进行了对比分析,并解释了“西模中用”的现象。借鉴前人对城市公共空间公共性的关键要素的研究成果,选择并运用西方的PSI模型对武汉市典型公共空间进行实际调研并考察了实践中遇到的问题,提出我国城市公共空间公共性评价的初步实践研究框架,为后续建立适合我国社会体制的城市公共空间公共性评价模型提出可供借鉴的依据和启示。

高密度街区建筑附属开放空间公共性评价研究

在高密度街区提供能够满足人们更高品质生活的公共开放空间,是新时期城市建设和管理的重要任务和挑战,建立开放空间公共性评价方法是快速、科学识别其质量高低及其影响因素的重要途径。选取广州市珠江新城核心区和纽约曼哈顿约克维尔街区为研究对象,采用层次分析法建立建筑附属开放空间(AOS)公共性评价体系、计算指标权重、建立评价标准。结果表明:1)六项评价指标重要性程度从大到小依次为:可达时间、休憩设施、开放程度、视觉感受、面积大小、监控影响;2)总体上曼哈顿约克维尔的公共性比珠江新城核心区略强,在单项指标上各有优劣。补充和发展了现有AOS公共性评价方法,该方法适用于各类城市街区AOS公共性质量比较,同时也能科学、快速识别影响AOS单项因子,为城市街区规划设计和建设管理提供优化方向和依据。

国有商业银行公共性绩效评价体系的设计与比较

国有商业银行的资本结构决定了其承担公共性职责的必然性,因此,单纯的企业性绩效评价对国有商业银行并不公平,必须进行公共性绩效评价。国有商业银行的公共性绩效主要体现在优化金融资源配置、支持经济增长、维持金融稳定、提升金融效率与金融国际竞争力等方面。包含企业性绩效和公共性绩效的综合绩效评价对国有商业银行才是全面和公正的评价。2002年四大国有商业银行的综合绩效排名好于企业性绩效排名。公共性绩效评价体系适用于国有性质的商业银行评价,只要国有独资商业银行、国有控股的股份制商业银行存在,公共性功能就不会消失,公共性绩效评价就是必要的。

立体化城市设计中公共空间的三维可达性评价——以香港太古坊为例

良好的公共空间被视为实现环境、社会、经济可持续发展和公众幸福感的关键。在当代社会,越来越多的私有公共空间和城市综合体中的"伪公共空间"伴随着立体化城市发展涌现,其公共性评价难度随之增加,需要重新审视传统的公共空间评价方法。可达性作为公共空间的基本属性,其三维可视化分析及评价方法尚未在立体化城市设计中的公共空间有所应用。本研究以香港港岛东太古坊为例,通过采用三维空间网络分析测度公共空间的可达性,对其进行可视化,并结合星形模型评估立体化城市的公共性,从而为公共空间的城市规划与设计提供支持。

Bus transit travel time reliability evaluation based on automatic vehicle location data

In order to provide important parameters for schedule designing, decision-making bases for transit operation management and references for passengers traveling by bus, bus transit travel time reliability is analyzed and evaluated based on automatic vehicle location （AVL） data. Based on the statistical analysis of the bus transit travel time, six indices including the coefficient of variance, the width of travel time distribution, the mean commercial speed, the congestion frequency, the planning time index and the buffer time index are proposed. Moreover, a framework for evaluating bus transit travel time reliability is constructed. Finally, a case study on a certain bus route in Suzhou is conducted. Results show that the proposed evaluation index system is simple and intuitive, and it can effectively reflect the efficiency and stability of bus operations. And a distinguishing feature of bus transit travel time reliability is the temporal pattern. It varies across different time periods.

Agility evaluation in public sector

Agility metrics are difficult to define in general, mainly due to the multidimensionality and vagueness of the concept of agility itself. In this paper, a knowledge-based framework is utilized for the measurement and assessment of public sector＇s agility by A. T. Kearney model. In this research, the authors used Z2 test in SPSS software. So, the authors discovered that the General Office of Standards ＆ Industrial Research of Sistan ＆ Baluchestan Province in Iran is agile. Finally, the authors determine the weakness points of organization by Friedman test.

Post-occupancy Evaluation with Emphasis on Thermal Comfort： A Case Study in Public Squares

The article presents a case study about thermal comfort in two public squares located in the coastal region of southeastern Brazil, within a post-occupational assessment context where it was sought to estimate the thermal sensation and perception of the users generating systematized knowledge about the built environment. The objective is to instruct future interventions for improvement in the living condition where it is particularly important for the success of the activities predicted there. Surveys on thermal comfort along with goers of the squares were held on three consecutive days in April 2013 and February 2014 with microclimate monitoring of the places adopting the predictive PET （physiological equivalent temperature） index calculated based on the bioclimatic model Rayman. The obtained data set generated valuable information about the pattern of thermal comfort allowing understanding the analytical correlations between PET index, climate variables and the perception of comfort. The article seeks to contribute towards the recognition of bioclimatic specificities in the project process aimed to the improvement of the environmental and social performance of public squares and aspects that are relevant to the urban planners.

Evaluation of the Maintenance Management Associated with the Performance of a Public Building

The lack of proper maintenance in buildings is responsible for various anomalies, which can cause property and personal damage. The objective of this study is to analyze the maintenance management of the administration building at the Technological Park UFRJ/Brazil, trying to emphasize the relation between maintenance and good performance of the building and to demonstrate the need to develop a consistent maintenance system to achieve an efficient maintenance management. The study allowed to present strategies and possibilities of interventions, in addition to proposing the essential aspects for the development of a structured maintenance system. After reviewing the issue of building maintenance under the various perspectives presented, the importance of planning a preventive building maintenance, according to standards, to achieve the level of performance expected for the building, besides being essential the search for tools and methods that can increase the efficiency of management can be concluded. It is also pertinent to conclude that prevention is the most effective solution against the depreciation factors that affect a building, being the most economical viable, and ensuring other benefits for the building and its users, such as security, property valuation and attendance to the warranty period.