论医院“公共流”管理

新医改将公立医院改革列为重点任务之一,而公立医院改革内容涉及到诊疗、医技、后勤、管理等多方面。"公共流"的提出是以"患者流"的优化为目的,坚持对医院改革非诊疗环节的改善,达到患者满意,推动医院发展。

具有公共流、退化效应与维护和资源分配的单机窗口排序问题

考虑具有公共流、退化效应与维护和资源分配的单机窗口排序问题,所有任务都具有松弛窗口。在实际加工过程中,为提高生产效率,提供给每个任务不同的资源,资源总量有限,并适时对机器进行维护,一旦维护活动结束,机器恢复到最初状态并且任务的退化效应更新。机器维护持续的时间取决于维护活动的开始时间。假定任务的实际加工时间是关于任务排序位置及资源分配的凸函数,目标是确定任务的窗口、资源分配、任务排序使得提前惩罚、延误惩罚、窗口位置、窗口宽度、时间表长、任务完工时间之和惩罚及资源消耗费用之和最小。给出一个最优算法求解该问题。

基于公共知识流视角的图书馆学研究对象及其基本定律研究

文章属于图书馆学基础理论的宏观层面的定性研究,旨在明确学科研究对象的认识和定位,并建立揭示学科领域内基本运动规律的原理。文章总结了学科对象建立的基本依据,以此为评价标准深入考察了历史进程中图书馆与知识流的内在关系,确定了图书馆学的研究对象是人类社会公共知识流,在此基础上构建了图书馆学的公共知识流定律。基于公共知识流视角的图书馆学研究对象及其基本定律研究从宏观层面能够揭示客观存在、贯穿于"图书馆"事业发展的过去、现在和未来的机制,能够回答、解释不同历史发展阶段实践领域内涌现出的新内容、新问题、新现象,有力的发挥了基础理论的认识功能和实践指导功能。

公共物流信息平台问题研究

我国公共物流信息平台存在电子化程度不高,没有统一的业务系统标准,技术水平不高,效率较低等问题。应进行数据共享,分段建设、逐步升级,实行企业的运营模式,定期进行评价。

关于构建武汉市物流公共信息服务平台的构想

物流公共信息服务平台是一种特殊的跨组织信息系统，它能集成区域内的所有物流相关信息，加强区域内物流相关者的沟通，为提高资源的整合利用率和地区物流整体效益发挥重要作用。该文基于物流公共信息服务平台的结构和功能，结合武汉市物流产业的特点，提出了建立武汉市物流公共信息服务平台的构想。

浅论酒店公共空间的流线关系和布局

介绍了酒店公共空间的流线关系,针对酒店公共空间不同人员的流线进行分析,探讨了酒店流线设计的主要原则,以提升旅馆大堂空间营造水平,从而提高整个酒店的设计水平。

面向有源配电网的公共信息模型扩展

IEC61970和IEC61968标准的公共信息模型(CIM)给出了电力系统设备、用户模型及其相互关系,有效促进了管理系统间数据交互,提高了调度自动化水平。但随着有源配电网中新设备的出现,现有CIM已不能对其进行完整描述。为此本文提出了一种CIM扩展方法,在EnterPrise Architect软件环境下,根据CIM扩展的导则,对有源配电网中的分布式发电、储能设备和电动汽车充电站等新兴设备的模型进行了完整的描述。此外,与交流微网相比,直流微网具有显著的优势而受到越来越多的关注,因此本文建立了直流微网CIM模型,以满足有源配电网管理系统的信息需求。

一种异步电动机参数测量系统的设计与实现

文章介绍了一种异步电动机参数测量系统的设计方法。测量系统采用变频技术及公共直流母线能量回馈方式,能耗低,绿色节能。测量系统测量方法科学,测量精度高,可自动完成测试。

Motivations and performance of public to private transactions： An international study

This article deals with the motivations and the different sources of value from public to private transactions in Europe, USA and Asia from 2000 to 2007. We determine eight main motivations （tax savings, incentive realignment, control, free cash flow, growth of prospects, transaction costs, takeover defence and undervaluation）. Then, we evaluate the shareholder wealth by measuring the offered premiums and the CAAR （cumulative average abnormal return）. Finally, we analyse the impact of public to private to the wealth shareholder. The main sources for firms from going private are incentive realignment, free cash flow （mostly for Asia）, the economy of cost transaction and undervaluation. Furthermore, taxation benefit is a source of wealth effects for Asia and family blockholder （for the control hypothesis） is significant for Europe. Premiums and CAAR are the most important for the USA and Asia. The main observation that we have made is that Asia gets the same behavior as the USA.

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Road Network and Road Development Pri-ority in Three Parallel Rivers Region in Yunnan,China:An Evaluation Based on Modified Kernel Distance Estimate

Road network is a critical component of public infrastructure,and the supporting system of social and economic development.Based on a modified kernel density estimate(KDE)algorithm,this study evaluated the road service capacity provided by a road network composed of multi-level roads(i.e.national,provincial,county and rural roads),by taking account of the differences of effect extent and intensity for roads of different levels.Summarized at town scale,the population burden and the annual rural economic income of unit road service capacity were used as the surrogates of social and economic demands for road service.This method was applied to the road network of the Three Parallel River Region,the northwestern Yunnan Province,China to evaluate the development of road network in this region.In results,the total road length of this region in 2005 was 3.70×104km,and the length ratio between national,provincial,county and rural roads was 1∶2∶8∶47.From 1989 to 2005,the regional road service capacity increased by 13.1%,of which the contributions from the national,provincial,county and rural roads were 11.1%,19.4%,22.6%,and 67.8%,respectively,revealing the effect of′All Village Accessible′policy of road development in the mountainous regions in the last decade.The spatial patterns of population burden and economic requirement of unit road service suggested that the areas farther away from the national and provincial roads have higher road development priority(RDP).Based on the modified KDE model and the framework of RDP evaluation,this study provided a useful approach for developing an optimal plan of road development at regional scale.

Nursing ethics for prevention and control of major infectious disease outbreaks:Chinese expert consensus

Background Major infectious disease has become a serious threat to people’s health worldwide.As the world’s largest healthcare workforce and the core forces fighting against the epidemic,nurses are on the frontline of this battle.A number of ethical issues have given rise to numerous concerns that have largely affected nurses in different ways as they respond to the epidemic.In addition,excessive expectations from people can exert undue pressure,which can easily lead to burnout in nurses.Methods In this consensus,the expert panel method was used to develop and reach a consensus.The members involved in the formation of the consensus included an expert discussion panel and a consensus writing expert group,a methodologist,and four secretaries.After 16 rounds of online expert consultation and two rounds of expert panel meetings,the writing team analyzed and reviewed the 78 amendments suggested by the experts to develop a consensus on nursing ethics for prevention and control of major infectious disease outbreaks based on the ethical vision of life care.Results This expert consensus focuses on five essential domains:the responsibilities and rights of nurses,the nurse-patient relationship,the doctor-nurse relationship,and the relationship between society and nurses throughout the epidemic.Conclusions We hope this consensus can help nurses better understand and respond to the ethical issues and challenges in public health emergencies,and raise reasonable public expectations of the roles and responsibilities of nurses in these situations.

Tariff Policy of the Logistics System of the Public Transport of the City

The article discusses the important part of the tariff policy of transportation of passengers by public transport, which plays a significant role in the formation of a general transportation tariff. The recommendations, given in the article, are mainly related to a Georgian example which may also be applicable to other countries, especially considering that in the process of preparation of the article, the current situation at the post-soviet states （Russia, the Ukraine, and Belarus） was also examined and taken into account, and the presented methodology is a combined version of that experience.

Development and psychometric assessment of the public health emergency risk perception scale:Under the outbreak of COVID-19

Objective:Correctly understanding and evaluating the level of public risk perception toward public health emergencies not only helps experts and decision-makers understand the public’s preventative health behaviors to these emergencies but also enhances their risk information communication with the public.The aim of this study was to develop a risk perception scale for public health emergencies and test its validity and reliability during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Methods:Guided by the theoretical model of risk perception,an initial scale was generated through literature review,group meetings,resident interviews,and expert consultation.A pretest and item screening were then conducted to develop a formal risk perception scale for public health emergencies.Finally,the reliability and validity of the scale were validated through a questionnaire survey of 504 Chinese adults.Results:The final scale had 9 items.The content validity index of the scale was 0.968,and the content validity index of individual items ranged from 0.83 to 1.00.Three common factors,dread risk perception,severe risk perception,and unknown risk perception,were extracted for exploratory factor analysis,and together they explained 66.26%of the variance in the score.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model had a satisfactory fit,whereχ^(2)/df=1.384,the goodness-of-fit index(GFI)=0.989,root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)=0.028,root mean square residual(RMR)=0.018,comparative fit index(CFI)=0.995,normed fit index(NFI)=0.982,and non-normed fit index(NNFI)=0.990.The correlations between dimensions ranged from 0.306 to 0.483(P<0.01).Cronbach’s a was 0.793 for the total scale and ranged between 0.687 and 0.801 for the individual dimensions.The split-half coefficient was 0.861 for the total scale and ranged from 0.727 to 0.856 for induvial dimensions.The test-retest coefficient was 0.846 for the total scale and ranged from 0.843 to 0.868 for induvial dimensions.Conclusion:The developed scale for the risk perception of public health emergencies showed acceptable levels of reliability and validity,suggesting that it is suitable for evaluating residents’risk perception of public health emergencies.

Gender Mainstreaming and Human Rights

Gender mainstreaming is a strategy for achieving gender equality that emerged in the United Nations in the 1970s and consists of integrating gender equality issues into all public policies. In the 1990s, the same strategy began to be applied to human rights to draw attention to the fact that the enjoyment of human rights is different for men and women, and that some human rights violations specifically affect women. This is a reflection and a result of the patriarchal organization of society and men＇s position of dominance over women. The European and Inter-American Courts of Human Rights have begun to incorporate gender mainstreaming or a gender perspective in some judgments, especially in cases of violence against women.

Investigation of Interline Dynamic Voltage Restorer with Virtual Impedance Injection

The inter-line dynamic voltage restorer （IDVR） consists of several voltage source inverters connected to different independent distribution feeders with common dc bus. When one of the inverters compensates for voltage sag that appears in its feeder （voltage control mode）, the other inverters pump the required power into the dc bus （power control mode）. Each inverter will have both voltage and power controllers; only one controller is in use during the abnormal conditions according to its feeder state. The voltage controller uses one of the dynamic voltage restoration techniques. In this paper, the in-phase technique is applied and two types of loads are considered （constant impedance and three phase induction motor）. Since the voltage restoration process may need real power injection into the distribution system, the power controller injects this power via voltage injection. This voltage injection is simulated by voltage drop across series virtual impedance. A new scheme is proposed to select the impedance value. The impedance value is selected such that the power consumed by this impedance represents the required power to be transferred without perturbing the load voltage. The performance of this system is also studied during voltage swell. A scheme for operation of multi-feeder IDVR system is proposed in this paper. Simulation results substantiate the proposed concept.

Worldwide epidemiology of liver hydatidosis including the Mediterranean area

The worldwide incidence and prevalence of cystic echinococcosis have fallen dramatically over the past several decades.Nonetheless,infection with Echinococcus granulosus(E.granulosus)remains a major public health issue in several countries and regions,even in places where it was previously at low levels,as a result of a reduction of control programmes due to economic problems and lack of resources.Geographic distribution differs by country and region depending on the presence in that country of large numbers of nomadic or semi-nomadic sheep and goat flocks that represent the intermediate host of the parasite,and their close contact with the final host,the dog,which mostly provides the transmission of infection to humans.The greatest prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in human and animal hosts is found in countries of the temperate zones,including several parts of Eurasia(the Mediterranean regions,southern and central parts of Russia,central Asia,China),Australia,some parts of America(especially South America)and north and east Africa.Echinococcosis is currently considered an endemic zoonotic disease in the Mediterranean region.The most frequent strain associated with human cystic echinococcosis appears to be the common sheep strain(G1).This strain appears to be widely distributed in all continents.The purpose of this review is to examine the distribution of E.granulosus and the epidemiology of a re-emerging disease such as cystic echinococcosis.

Study on The Basic Public Health Service in Shanghai

It is increasingly found that medical investment is not the only effective means to improve the national health level. The basic public health service, which is dominated by disease control and prevention, is paid more and more attention.This paper analyzes the relationship between the migrant population and the population of the city＇s household registration to the basic public health service. Access to basic public health services and satisfaction of the system, analysis of the factors affecting the satisfaction of the basic public health services in Shanghai revealed the problems and causes of development. Finally, putting forward the concrete countermeasures and suggestions for perfecting and improving the basic public health service in Shanghai.

Addressing Low Voltage Network Power Quality Issues through the Implementation of a Microgrid

The results of the implementation of an actual microgrid in the Netherlands are presented. This microgrid has photovoltaic panels as microsources, energy storage, and a flexible AC distribution interfacing system that can operate connected to the public grid or autonomously where it regulates the site＇s voltage and frequency. In this paper, the potential of the microgrid in improving power quality issues of the site, specifically harmonic distortions, is demonstrated. Results show that flexible AC distribution interfacing system devices were able to compensate voltage harmonics when the microgrid was operating connected to the public grid and when operating autonomously. Other tests such as short-circuit, synchronization and blackstart were also conducted. The improvement in power quality and positive results of the other tests demonstrate that a self-supporting, reliable and efficient operation of the microgrid can be achieved.

Model of Pollution Management Control in Badung River： Enhancing Role of Traditional Law on Common Resource

Badung River in the Denpasar city of Bali Province, Indonesia, faces many challenging issues recently. As a common pool resource, the river has been under pressure from many activities including household activities which dump household wastes, and pollution externalities arising from dyeing and screen-printing of fabric industries. Conventional approach to control the pollution might not be effective since it will end up in zero sum game. This paper attempts to explore the role of traditional institituion in managing common pool resource such as controlling river pollution. This research is aimed to know the effectiveness of traditional law on managing pollution of printing and dyeing industries on this big river. Survey method was used for collecting primary data and then the data was analyzed by ordinal regression to determine the effect of internal and external factors which influence the intensity of pollution. The result indicates that even though traditional might help to influence household and industry＇s decision making, it might not sufficient enough to reduce the pollution of the river. Other factors are influencing the waste management, such as level of waste management knowledge of the entrepreneur, the attitude of the entrepreneur toward public program especially on waste and pollution management, the financial support, and the education level of government supervision. Furthermore, Government of Denpasar City need to arrange policy that giving incentive to businessman who handling waste properly and also giving reward to traditional organization who implementing local wisdom and norm to control river pollution strictly.

Effects of Internal Control System Deficiency on Contractors＇ Infrastructural Development Capability in the Nigerian Public Sector

Infrastructure development in Nigeria has attracted the attention of researchers in view of the attitudes of contractors and government lead-lag role playing. These attitudes led to the enactment of Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 and Public Procurement Act 2007 to reduce internal control system deficiencies and budget indiscipline in the Nigerian public sector fiscal matters and procurement process. Ironically, despite these efforts, infrastructure development is still a problem affecting the lives of Nigerians as their poverty level is on the increase. This paper tests the effects of internal control system deficiency on contractors＇ capability in infrastructure development in the Nigerian public sector. Data drawn from a sample of 228 infrastructures were used for analysis. Two research questions on contractors＇ fiduciary obligation to government and capacity were analysed. Kendall＇s Tau-br correlation of coefficient and Chi-square X^2 statistics were employed for data analysis. Findings show that deficient internal control system strongly and directly breeds deficiency in the contractors＇ capability for infrastructure development. The paper recommends that oath of bribery should complement oath of secrecy to ensure that contractors and government agencies that are responsible for execution of infrastructure play to the rules of the ＂games＂, especially the provisions of Public Procurement Act 2007 and Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007. Public-private-partnership-initiative, such as build-operate and transfer method of contracting, should be encouraged to improve on contractors＇ capability and stewardship.