The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during last 3 decades with devastating consequences to public health. Recommended strategies to reduce obesity have focused on healthier diet and phy...The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during last 3 decades with devastating consequences to public health. Recommended strategies to reduce obesity have focused on healthier diet and physical activity （PA）. Clearly, these approaches have not been successful, but whether this is due to failure to restrict energy intake or to maintain high levels of energy expenditure has been the subject of great controversy. Consequently, there has been a great deal of confusion about the role of PA and exercise in obesity and weight management. In this article, the theoretical basis for considering reduced PA and energy expenditure as the cause of obesity is appraised. Further, the role of PA in food intake and weight control is examined. The idea that obesity is caused by consistent deeline in daily energy expenditure is not supported either by objective measures of energy expenditure or physiological theory of weight gain alone. However, since voluntary exercise is the most important discretionary component of total daily energy expenditure, it can affect energy balance. Therefore, PA and exercise hold potential as part of the solution for the ongoing obesity epidemic.展开更多
This article intends to address the Solidary Economy Network of Dourados--MS, Brazil. Treated as public policy since 2001, this mode of production and consumption has achieved increasing prominence on the world stage,...This article intends to address the Solidary Economy Network of Dourados--MS, Brazil. Treated as public policy since 2001, this mode of production and consumption has achieved increasing prominence on the world stage, its capacity for income generation and social inclusion. The program is developed from the parameters of the Municipal Social Assistance and Fellowship Economy and has the support of organizations such as the NGO （Non-Governmental Organization） Women in Motion, the Community Bank and SEBRAE. The research was based on survey data in the Registry, personal interview with the Superintendent of Solidary Economy. They still relied on data from the annual survey of the Department relating to the Network ECOSOL of 2007. This data allowed us to analyze the context of the movement, the target audience and the actions taken by the Department and effectively understand if the actions are having the desired results.展开更多
Concern for the environmental impact of organizations＇ activities has led to the recognition and demand for organizations to manage and report on their carbon footprint. However, there is no limit as to the areas of ...Concern for the environmental impact of organizations＇ activities has led to the recognition and demand for organizations to manage and report on their carbon footprint. However, there is no limit as to the areas of carbon footprints required in such annual environmental reports. To deliver improvements in the quality of carbon footprint management and reporting, there is a need to identify the main elements of carbon footprint strategy that can be endorsed, supported and encouraged by facility managers. The study investigates carbon footprint elements managed and reported upon by facility manager in the UK. Drawing on a questionnaire survey of 256 facility managers in the UK, the key elements of carbon footprints identified in carbon footprint reports are examined. The findings indicate that the main elements are building energy consumption, waste disposal and water consumption. Business travel in terms of using public transport, air travel and company cars are also recognized as important targets and objectives for the carbon footprint strategy of several FM （facilities management） organizations.展开更多
One strand of research in public economics has found that increasing ethnic diversity leads to reductions in provision of productive public goods. Another strand of research has emphasized the key role that tax and ex...One strand of research in public economics has found that increasing ethnic diversity leads to reductions in provision of productive public goods. Another strand of research has emphasized the key role that tax and expenditure limitations play in the provision of public services. This paper explores the interaction between these two effects. The regression results suggest that the prior results on ethnic diversity are robust when TELs are taken into consideration. In addition, the imposition of TELs mitigates the negative effect of ethnic fragmentation on the share of local spending on education and roads. It also mitigates the positive correlation between ethnic diversity and total local government revenue and expenditure per capita.展开更多
At present, from the aspect of promoting consumers＇ pro-social consumption behaviors, the public service ads has a clearly insufficient persuasive problem. In order to make a theoretical explanation and provide sugge...At present, from the aspect of promoting consumers＇ pro-social consumption behaviors, the public service ads has a clearly insufficient persuasive problem. In order to make a theoretical explanation and provide suggestions for this phenomenon, this article compares the effect of different orientations of public service ads＇ appeals on the tendency of individual＇ s pro-social consumption behaviors experiment. The experimental results prove that comparatively speaking, altruism orientation of public service ads＇ appeals can make the individual to produce higher levels of pro-social consumption behaviors. Based on the above research results, the author respectively puts forward some advices about public service ads for the management of profit and non-profit organizations.展开更多
文摘The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during last 3 decades with devastating consequences to public health. Recommended strategies to reduce obesity have focused on healthier diet and physical activity （PA）. Clearly, these approaches have not been successful, but whether this is due to failure to restrict energy intake or to maintain high levels of energy expenditure has been the subject of great controversy. Consequently, there has been a great deal of confusion about the role of PA and exercise in obesity and weight management. In this article, the theoretical basis for considering reduced PA and energy expenditure as the cause of obesity is appraised. Further, the role of PA in food intake and weight control is examined. The idea that obesity is caused by consistent deeline in daily energy expenditure is not supported either by objective measures of energy expenditure or physiological theory of weight gain alone. However, since voluntary exercise is the most important discretionary component of total daily energy expenditure, it can affect energy balance. Therefore, PA and exercise hold potential as part of the solution for the ongoing obesity epidemic.
文摘This article intends to address the Solidary Economy Network of Dourados--MS, Brazil. Treated as public policy since 2001, this mode of production and consumption has achieved increasing prominence on the world stage, its capacity for income generation and social inclusion. The program is developed from the parameters of the Municipal Social Assistance and Fellowship Economy and has the support of organizations such as the NGO （Non-Governmental Organization） Women in Motion, the Community Bank and SEBRAE. The research was based on survey data in the Registry, personal interview with the Superintendent of Solidary Economy. They still relied on data from the annual survey of the Department relating to the Network ECOSOL of 2007. This data allowed us to analyze the context of the movement, the target audience and the actions taken by the Department and effectively understand if the actions are having the desired results.
文摘Concern for the environmental impact of organizations＇ activities has led to the recognition and demand for organizations to manage and report on their carbon footprint. However, there is no limit as to the areas of carbon footprints required in such annual environmental reports. To deliver improvements in the quality of carbon footprint management and reporting, there is a need to identify the main elements of carbon footprint strategy that can be endorsed, supported and encouraged by facility managers. The study investigates carbon footprint elements managed and reported upon by facility manager in the UK. Drawing on a questionnaire survey of 256 facility managers in the UK, the key elements of carbon footprints identified in carbon footprint reports are examined. The findings indicate that the main elements are building energy consumption, waste disposal and water consumption. Business travel in terms of using public transport, air travel and company cars are also recognized as important targets and objectives for the carbon footprint strategy of several FM （facilities management） organizations.
文摘One strand of research in public economics has found that increasing ethnic diversity leads to reductions in provision of productive public goods. Another strand of research has emphasized the key role that tax and expenditure limitations play in the provision of public services. This paper explores the interaction between these two effects. The regression results suggest that the prior results on ethnic diversity are robust when TELs are taken into consideration. In addition, the imposition of TELs mitigates the negative effect of ethnic fragmentation on the share of local spending on education and roads. It also mitigates the positive correlation between ethnic diversity and total local government revenue and expenditure per capita.
文摘At present, from the aspect of promoting consumers＇ pro-social consumption behaviors, the public service ads has a clearly insufficient persuasive problem. In order to make a theoretical explanation and provide suggestions for this phenomenon, this article compares the effect of different orientations of public service ads＇ appeals on the tendency of individual＇ s pro-social consumption behaviors experiment. The experimental results prove that comparatively speaking, altruism orientation of public service ads＇ appeals can make the individual to produce higher levels of pro-social consumption behaviors. Based on the above research results, the author respectively puts forward some advices about public service ads for the management of profit and non-profit organizations.
