This paper proposes and examines four basic organizational modes of production fragmentation＇in manufacturing industries based on three case studies. Our study shows that manufacturing enterprises weigh technology an...This paper proposes and examines four basic organizational modes of production fragmentation＇in manufacturing industries based on three case studies. Our study shows that manufacturing enterprises weigh technology and cost against the intensity of market competition in their choice of mode and the corresponding extent of production fragmentation, in industries where competition is less intense, enterprises prioritize technology concern and are inclined to choose an internally integrated organizational mode, characterized by independent investment in building their own manufacturing plants. In industries where competition is more intense, enterprises prioritize cost concern and are inclined to adopt an outsourcing-based organizational mode, characterized by maximizing the usage of third-party facilities. In sum, more intense competition prompts enterprises to seek efficiency by relying on a broader range of manufacturing locations, suppliers, and partners and, thus, to adopt more open organizational modes. We argue that a deeper understanding of how enterprises select organizational modes, combined with strategic policy aimed at promoting openness in manufacturing industries, will enhance the role of China＇s industries in the global production chain.展开更多
Pharmaceutical industry plays a strategic role in economy of Iran. Corporate governance, in pharmaceutical companies as the very core of an organization, and the driving force of corporate leadership, plays a signific...Pharmaceutical industry plays a strategic role in economy of Iran. Corporate governance, in pharmaceutical companies as the very core of an organization, and the driving force of corporate leadership, plays a significant role in business success and overall productivity of the firms. As yet, the characteristics, factors causing success and failure of core governance in Iranian pharmaceutical industry have remained unsearched. Furthermore, the applicability of western theories and models to the traditional societies such as Iran are largely unknown. This study is an attempt to explore the pattern of board effectiveness and firm performance in Iranian pharmaceutical industry and suggesting an alternative good governance model suitable to apply to less developed countries （LDC） pharmaceutical industry, with emphasis on Iranian context. After An intensive literature review the model suggested by Ingley and Van der Walt （2001） was found to be more comprehensive, practical and suitable for this study. However, after empirical evaluation further development to the model to fit the pharmaceutical industry and the context of LDCs, especially Iran, is suggested. Empirically the paper stands upon a rich database consisting of Tamin Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Investment Company （TAPIC） and its 11 subsidiary companies which are treated as 11 mini-cases. Data were collected by document analysis, questionnaire and interviews. Since two of the authors have many years experience as managers in the same industrial group, we got access to rich information that normally are not accessible to researchers in less developed countries. The results suggest some improvements to the earlier models and show that the pattern of board effectiveness in Iranian pharmaceutical industry can be influenced by： （1） Internal factors including： （a） board members, the personality and background, （b） board composition, which is influenced by selection criteria, Tribalism, interpersonal relationship and belonging to the same ideological group, （c） board interactions, and （d） power distribution in the board, which is influenced by parenting power in holding companies. All internal factors are directly or indirectly affected by political issues as well as socio-cultural forces. （2） External factors including： （a） industrial complexity and the nature of industry, （b） industrial ethos, （c） legislation, and political forces, （d） economy, which the last two factors are influenced by international environment as well.展开更多
Creed is ＂a system of Christian or other religious belief; a faith There is no doubt that business is about making financial profit, and that is the way it should be. However, it is also important to understand that ...Creed is ＂a system of Christian or other religious belief; a faith There is no doubt that business is about making financial profit, and that is the way it should be. However, it is also important to understand that a person＇s creed-their principles and beliefs-has a tremendous influence on the way in which they will practice business. In recent decades, for example, the fraudulent business practices of major corporations such as Adelphia, Enron, Dynergy, Global Crossing, Merrill Lynch, Qwest, Tyco, and WorldCom, became international news. One after one, major world businesses, which were widely trusted and respected, toppled, leaving in their quake millions of ruined lives. Seemingly respectable and successful business practices were guilty of behaving with criminal intentions; consequently appearing, in the opinion of many observers, little more than common thieves As such, the philosophy of management, especially in relation to Creed vs. Greed, has become increasingly important within today＇s business world.展开更多
Environmental pollution and environmental reporting have increasingly drawn the attention of the countries around the world. The paper selects A-share listed companies of chemical industry in China. Using logistic mod...Environmental pollution and environmental reporting have increasingly drawn the attention of the countries around the world. The paper selects A-share listed companies of chemical industry in China. Using logistic model, we research the impact of financial performance of listed companies upon environmental reporting. The conclusion of the study shows that the total number of enterprises which disclosed environmental information (EI) has increased year by year, and EI content and volume disclosed by heavy pollution corporations have increased annually. And the more profitability the listed companies attain, the more EI they are inclined to disclose. Moreover, companies will have an ability to disclose EI so as to reduce the agency costs arising from informa-tion asymmetry. Furthermore, the development capability of com-panies is of negative correlation to environmental reporting, and the liabilities degree of listed companies is of negative correlation to environmental reporting, but it is not significant. This paper also offers policy recommendations that enhance EI transparency and regulate EI reporting of listed companies.展开更多
Growth, innovation, and strategic focus are vital for long-term success of multinational corporations （MNCs）. MNCs must create the organizational culture and process for increased competitiveness to sustain better m...Growth, innovation, and strategic focus are vital for long-term success of multinational corporations （MNCs）. MNCs must create the organizational culture and process for increased competitiveness to sustain better market shares and profits. Towards this end, MNCs should develop a comprehensive innovation strategy. Innovation is a way of life and the spirit of innovation, like the spirit of entrepreneurship, must be sustained. The goal should be continuous growth with competitiveness. And towards this purpose, organizations must innovate. The article draws from innovation concepts as they would lead to organizational growth and competitiveness. MNC international structure, culture, and leadership style have an influence on the innovation culture and creativity process in the MNC organization. The article sets forth a model for MNC decision-making structure and organizational culture for facilitating the innovative fervor and capability to be more favorable to the MNC. The models presented here are meaningful in the quest for greater MNC innovativeness and creativity.展开更多
New employee training is process that a hired employees who is an outsider translate into insider of the enterprise, the on-the-job training for new stafftraining have to cultivate the sense of belonging and loyalty i...New employee training is process that a hired employees who is an outsider translate into insider of the enterprise, the on-the-job training for new stafftraining have to cultivate the sense of belonging and loyalty in the leading position. Entering the new environment, they will face a lot of＂new＂, new employee orientation is of a kind of effective means to help them to adapt to the working environment faster. Main content of this article is based on the understanding of the Coca-Cola company human resources management present situation, and then to understand the Coca-Cola company how to make a careful analysis of the new staff training, studying the Coca-Cola company for new employees training process and training effect, and finding the problems of small and medium-sized enterprise, then putting forward reasonable suggestions.展开更多
文摘This paper proposes and examines four basic organizational modes of production fragmentation＇in manufacturing industries based on three case studies. Our study shows that manufacturing enterprises weigh technology and cost against the intensity of market competition in their choice of mode and the corresponding extent of production fragmentation, in industries where competition is less intense, enterprises prioritize technology concern and are inclined to choose an internally integrated organizational mode, characterized by independent investment in building their own manufacturing plants. In industries where competition is more intense, enterprises prioritize cost concern and are inclined to adopt an outsourcing-based organizational mode, characterized by maximizing the usage of third-party facilities. In sum, more intense competition prompts enterprises to seek efficiency by relying on a broader range of manufacturing locations, suppliers, and partners and, thus, to adopt more open organizational modes. We argue that a deeper understanding of how enterprises select organizational modes, combined with strategic policy aimed at promoting openness in manufacturing industries, will enhance the role of China＇s industries in the global production chain.
文摘Pharmaceutical industry plays a strategic role in economy of Iran. Corporate governance, in pharmaceutical companies as the very core of an organization, and the driving force of corporate leadership, plays a significant role in business success and overall productivity of the firms. As yet, the characteristics, factors causing success and failure of core governance in Iranian pharmaceutical industry have remained unsearched. Furthermore, the applicability of western theories and models to the traditional societies such as Iran are largely unknown. This study is an attempt to explore the pattern of board effectiveness and firm performance in Iranian pharmaceutical industry and suggesting an alternative good governance model suitable to apply to less developed countries （LDC） pharmaceutical industry, with emphasis on Iranian context. After An intensive literature review the model suggested by Ingley and Van der Walt （2001） was found to be more comprehensive, practical and suitable for this study. However, after empirical evaluation further development to the model to fit the pharmaceutical industry and the context of LDCs, especially Iran, is suggested. Empirically the paper stands upon a rich database consisting of Tamin Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Investment Company （TAPIC） and its 11 subsidiary companies which are treated as 11 mini-cases. Data were collected by document analysis, questionnaire and interviews. Since two of the authors have many years experience as managers in the same industrial group, we got access to rich information that normally are not accessible to researchers in less developed countries. The results suggest some improvements to the earlier models and show that the pattern of board effectiveness in Iranian pharmaceutical industry can be influenced by： （1） Internal factors including： （a） board members, the personality and background, （b） board composition, which is influenced by selection criteria, Tribalism, interpersonal relationship and belonging to the same ideological group, （c） board interactions, and （d） power distribution in the board, which is influenced by parenting power in holding companies. All internal factors are directly or indirectly affected by political issues as well as socio-cultural forces. （2） External factors including： （a） industrial complexity and the nature of industry, （b） industrial ethos, （c） legislation, and political forces, （d） economy, which the last two factors are influenced by international environment as well.
文摘Creed is ＂a system of Christian or other religious belief; a faith There is no doubt that business is about making financial profit, and that is the way it should be. However, it is also important to understand that a person＇s creed-their principles and beliefs-has a tremendous influence on the way in which they will practice business. In recent decades, for example, the fraudulent business practices of major corporations such as Adelphia, Enron, Dynergy, Global Crossing, Merrill Lynch, Qwest, Tyco, and WorldCom, became international news. One after one, major world businesses, which were widely trusted and respected, toppled, leaving in their quake millions of ruined lives. Seemingly respectable and successful business practices were guilty of behaving with criminal intentions; consequently appearing, in the opinion of many observers, little more than common thieves As such, the philosophy of management, especially in relation to Creed vs. Greed, has become increasingly important within today＇s business world.
文摘Environmental pollution and environmental reporting have increasingly drawn the attention of the countries around the world. The paper selects A-share listed companies of chemical industry in China. Using logistic model, we research the impact of financial performance of listed companies upon environmental reporting. The conclusion of the study shows that the total number of enterprises which disclosed environmental information (EI) has increased year by year, and EI content and volume disclosed by heavy pollution corporations have increased annually. And the more profitability the listed companies attain, the more EI they are inclined to disclose. Moreover, companies will have an ability to disclose EI so as to reduce the agency costs arising from informa-tion asymmetry. Furthermore, the development capability of com-panies is of negative correlation to environmental reporting, and the liabilities degree of listed companies is of negative correlation to environmental reporting, but it is not significant. This paper also offers policy recommendations that enhance EI transparency and regulate EI reporting of listed companies.
文摘Growth, innovation, and strategic focus are vital for long-term success of multinational corporations （MNCs）. MNCs must create the organizational culture and process for increased competitiveness to sustain better market shares and profits. Towards this end, MNCs should develop a comprehensive innovation strategy. Innovation is a way of life and the spirit of innovation, like the spirit of entrepreneurship, must be sustained. The goal should be continuous growth with competitiveness. And towards this purpose, organizations must innovate. The article draws from innovation concepts as they would lead to organizational growth and competitiveness. MNC international structure, culture, and leadership style have an influence on the innovation culture and creativity process in the MNC organization. The article sets forth a model for MNC decision-making structure and organizational culture for facilitating the innovative fervor and capability to be more favorable to the MNC. The models presented here are meaningful in the quest for greater MNC innovativeness and creativity.
文摘New employee training is process that a hired employees who is an outsider translate into insider of the enterprise, the on-the-job training for new stafftraining have to cultivate the sense of belonging and loyalty in the leading position. Entering the new environment, they will face a lot of＂new＂, new employee orientation is of a kind of effective means to help them to adapt to the working environment faster. Main content of this article is based on the understanding of the Coca-Cola company human resources management present situation, and then to understand the Coca-Cola company how to make a careful analysis of the new staff training, studying the Coca-Cola company for new employees training process and training effect, and finding the problems of small and medium-sized enterprise, then putting forward reasonable suggestions.
