Nature tourism and particularly tourism in national parks have acquired significant importance in contemporary societies. Post-Fordist consumers have reevaluated the meanings of ‘nature' and ‘natural spaces'...Nature tourism and particularly tourism in national parks have acquired significant importance in contemporary societies. Post-Fordist consumers have reevaluated the meanings of ‘nature' and ‘natural spaces' and now avoid standardization to seek singularity. Tourism in national parks is a consequence of this tendency and has both positive and negative aspects. The purpose of this sociological research is to describe the most relevant conflicts in the Picos de Europa National Park(Spain) involving the park's conservation, local economic development,and tourism. Seven in-depth interviews and three focus groups were addressed to key local stakeholders.In this research were identified three chief areas of existing or potential inter-related conflicts and the main actors interacting with them. The first is on population, particularly, the negative consequences of depopulations on the local socio-economic development and the environment. A second source of conflicts identified is caused by the difficult conciliation between commercial exploitation and conservation of the protected natural area. More precisely, this specific form of tourism positively contributes to the economy of local communities whilst problems can arise for the conservation goals of National Parks. Thirdly, in this research is also analyzed the institutional governance and the inter and intra-governmental conflicts as well as with the Park's management body. These findings provide important information for the improved management of tourism and conflicting interests in natural parks.展开更多
In many highly dense urban environments,the urgent needs of residents for increasing green space,improving the quality of the community environment and reconstructing the relationships among residents have given birth...In many highly dense urban environments,the urgent needs of residents for increasing green space,improving the quality of the community environment and reconstructing the relationships among residents have given birth to the new space type of community gardens.However,China still lacks this relevant experience.In contrast,New York City’s community gardens had a relatively early start,and they now have rich experience in space construction,operation and maintenance.Given their level of experience,they can be used as references for the development of community gardens in China.This paper adopts a bibliometric research method,identifies 201 periodical literature sources published between 2000 and 2020 from the core library of the Web of Science as the object of study,and finally assesses the research hotspot for transferring from macro-research to space-type construction method,social impact,and so on,through CiteSpace software analysis.By virtue of the research process analysis and the results of field surveys and interviews,this paper probes the development status of space construction and social organization construction of the community gardens in New York City,and summarizes that area’s effective experience of development.Based on the current development situation of China’s community gardens,it is proposed that the development of community gardens should be directed by ensuring the land for development,giving full play to social benefits,and mobilizing social organizations,so as to effectively realize urban space construction and social governance.展开更多
文摘Nature tourism and particularly tourism in national parks have acquired significant importance in contemporary societies. Post-Fordist consumers have reevaluated the meanings of ‘nature' and ‘natural spaces' and now avoid standardization to seek singularity. Tourism in national parks is a consequence of this tendency and has both positive and negative aspects. The purpose of this sociological research is to describe the most relevant conflicts in the Picos de Europa National Park(Spain) involving the park's conservation, local economic development,and tourism. Seven in-depth interviews and three focus groups were addressed to key local stakeholders.In this research were identified three chief areas of existing or potential inter-related conflicts and the main actors interacting with them. The first is on population, particularly, the negative consequences of depopulations on the local socio-economic development and the environment. A second source of conflicts identified is caused by the difficult conciliation between commercial exploitation and conservation of the protected natural area. More precisely, this specific form of tourism positively contributes to the economy of local communities whilst problems can arise for the conservation goals of National Parks. Thirdly, in this research is also analyzed the institutional governance and the inter and intra-governmental conflicts as well as with the Park's management body. These findings provide important information for the improved management of tourism and conflicting interests in natural parks.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51708395,51978443,52078322)The Tianjin Postgraduate Innovation Research Projects(2019YJSB175)。
文摘In many highly dense urban environments,the urgent needs of residents for increasing green space,improving the quality of the community environment and reconstructing the relationships among residents have given birth to the new space type of community gardens.However,China still lacks this relevant experience.In contrast,New York City’s community gardens had a relatively early start,and they now have rich experience in space construction,operation and maintenance.Given their level of experience,they can be used as references for the development of community gardens in China.This paper adopts a bibliometric research method,identifies 201 periodical literature sources published between 2000 and 2020 from the core library of the Web of Science as the object of study,and finally assesses the research hotspot for transferring from macro-research to space-type construction method,social impact,and so on,through CiteSpace software analysis.By virtue of the research process analysis and the results of field surveys and interviews,this paper probes the development status of space construction and social organization construction of the community gardens in New York City,and summarizes that area’s effective experience of development.Based on the current development situation of China’s community gardens,it is proposed that the development of community gardens should be directed by ensuring the land for development,giving full play to social benefits,and mobilizing social organizations,so as to effectively realize urban space construction and social governance.
