We investigate the evolution of cooperation with evolutionary public goods games based on finite populations, where four pure strategies： cooperators, defectors, punishers and loners who are unwilling to participate ...We investigate the evolution of cooperation with evolutionary public goods games based on finite populations, where four pure strategies： cooperators, defectors, punishers and loners who are unwilling to participate are considered. By adopting approximate best response dynamics, we show that the magnitude of rationality not only quantitatively explains the experiment results in [Nature （London） 425 （2003） 390], but also it will heavily influence the evolution of cooperation. Compared with previous results of infinite populations, which result in two equilibriums, we show that there merely exists a special equilibrium cooperation. In addition, we characterize that loner＇s and the relevant high value of bounded rationality will sustain payoff plays an active role in the maintenance of cooperation, which will only be warranted for the low and moderate values of loner＇s payoff. It thus indicates the effects of rationality and loner＇s payoff will influence the cooperation. Finally, we highlight the important result that the introduction of voluntary participation and punishment will facilitate cooperation greatly.展开更多
This document in order to solve the problem of the supply imbalance of the home nursing service, it is necessary to make use of the decisive role of the price mechanism in the optimal allocation of resources in view o...This document in order to solve the problem of the supply imbalance of the home nursing service, it is necessary to make use of the decisive role of the price mechanism in the optimal allocation of resources in view of the shortage of the supply of old-age service in China, the low quality and the low supply of effective supply. Based on the economic attributes of public goods and personal belongings, this paper divides the old-age service into the old-age service of private property and the properties of public goods （pure public goods and quasi-public goods） according to the family status, economic status and health status of the clients. This paper explores the theoretical basis of price decision mechanism and effective supply of these two kinds of old-age services, and finally puts forward the concrete measures of the reform of the old-age service price in the light of the actual situation of the current pension service in our country.展开更多
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation under Grant No.60904063the Tianjin municipal Natural Science Foundation under Grant Nos.11JCYBJC06600,11ZCKF6X00900,11ZCKFGX00900
文摘We investigate the evolution of cooperation with evolutionary public goods games based on finite populations, where four pure strategies： cooperators, defectors, punishers and loners who are unwilling to participate are considered. By adopting approximate best response dynamics, we show that the magnitude of rationality not only quantitatively explains the experiment results in [Nature （London） 425 （2003） 390], but also it will heavily influence the evolution of cooperation. Compared with previous results of infinite populations, which result in two equilibriums, we show that there merely exists a special equilibrium cooperation. In addition, we characterize that loner＇s and the relevant high value of bounded rationality will sustain payoff plays an active role in the maintenance of cooperation, which will only be warranted for the low and moderate values of loner＇s payoff. It thus indicates the effects of rationality and loner＇s payoff will influence the cooperation. Finally, we highlight the important result that the introduction of voluntary participation and punishment will facilitate cooperation greatly.
文摘This document in order to solve the problem of the supply imbalance of the home nursing service, it is necessary to make use of the decisive role of the price mechanism in the optimal allocation of resources in view of the shortage of the supply of old-age service in China, the low quality and the low supply of effective supply. Based on the economic attributes of public goods and personal belongings, this paper divides the old-age service into the old-age service of private property and the properties of public goods （pure public goods and quasi-public goods） according to the family status, economic status and health status of the clients. This paper explores the theoretical basis of price decision mechanism and effective supply of these two kinds of old-age services, and finally puts forward the concrete measures of the reform of the old-age service price in the light of the actual situation of the current pension service in our country.
