深化水权水价制度改革 努力消除“公水悲剧”现象

我国一些流域和地区存在“公水悲剧”现象,与自然和技术因素密切相关,根源则在于权利不清造成水资源的低价使用。因此,有必要从水权和水价入手,加快深化相关领域改革,努力消除“公水悲剧”现象。水权制度改革方面,重点要加快推进区域用水权初始分配,推进用水权市场化交易,逐步推行水权有偿取得,加快修订相关法律法规。水价形成机制改革方面,重点要推进水资源税全覆盖,深化城市水价改革,全面推进农业用水水价改革,推动出台更高层面的统筹推进水权水价改革政策文件。

李庄的“公水悲剧”:基于公共物品治理的视角

对于城郊农村,它们在享受发展机遇的同时也为此付出了沉重代价,环境污染问题严峻。通过对李庄"农公塘"的调查,从公共物品治理视角,分析了其公水悲剧的形成逻辑。伴随城市扩张的大量外来人口涌入、规模化养殖和土地利用方式转变构成李庄水污染的重要原因和威胁,而村庄制度失灵、内部监督失效、社区组织弱化和排污设备缺乏后续管理等公共治理缺位问题引发集体行动的困境。二者的相互叠加加剧水质恶化进程,迅速酿成"公水悲剧"。最后,据此提出水环境治理方案:既需要唤醒村民的公共产权意识,又需要在产权共识的基础上,制定并实施行之有效的自治体系,落实监督和奖惩举措,走向村民自治,同时还需要加强政府的必要干预。

基于“公水”模式的南京联合运输分析

南京有丰富的水路和公路资源,以公水运输方式拉动地区经济发展,具有便利的条件。本文分析了南京公路-水路联合运输的开展环境和实施现状及改善建议,希望能为南京市公水联运的发展,提供有价值的理论依据。

公水牛犊尿砂石症病因分析及防治

我县舍饲耕牛出现一种发病率高、死亡量大的地方病—公水牛犊尿砂石症。严重地影响了我县水牛业的生产和发展。为此拟定自1986年至1990年止对本病作系统调查研究和样品化验分析。报道如下。一、调查情况1.发病对象:主要是公水牛犊。

浙江省示范物流园区提质增效经验与启示——以德清临杭物流园园区为例

物流园区作为区域物流资源和各种生产性服务要素集聚的物流业基础设施,在促进物流业降本增效、推动物流业高质量发展中起到重要作用。近年来,浙江省物流业发展突出创新发展、示范引领、标杆带动,特别是一批生产服务型示范物流园区,在智慧化改造、绿色物流发展、标准化示范和供应链创新等方面大胆创新实践,实现园区发展提质增效。本文以德清临杭物流园区为例,分析该园区在模式创新、智慧运营和两业深度融合等方面的做法和经验,对于全国同类园区具有较好的借鉴意义。

Study of the water quality in Liaohe Park based on the model of GAM

This paper assesses the quality of Daliao river through Liaohe Park based on the model of GAM for water quality analysis and the monitoring data from 2006 to 2011.The results showed that the value of pH per year tended to the average; the DO in 2011 was much higher than that in other years, and the DO in 2006 .was lower than the standard value; the quality risk in six sections was still higher than the standard value in 2007, which was caused by the high concentrations of COD. However, the value of ammonia nitrogen changes was only 40% related to DO and COD.

燃烧不息的精神之火

他总是在行程中不断修正自己行走的姿势,他总是听到有个声音在不远的地方频频呼唤,从而燃烧着他不息的精神之火——敬业,从一个目的地,奔向另一个目的地。他就是镇江大港地方铁路建设工程指挥部副指挥长、镇江市地方铁路公司经理樊子文。"人应有敬业精神。有了这个精神支柱,才能排除万难,办好事情"。当镇大铁路建设正值困难重重之际,樊子文说出了这样一句掷地有声的话。他是这样说的,也是这样做的。镇江大港地方铁路自1988年筹建,是镇江市自筹、自建、自管、联管的地方铁路,正线长24.9公里。它的建成把国铁和大港港区连接起来,进一步完善了铁公水、江河海综合运输的格局,使镇江多功能的交通优势得到充分的发挥;对缓解沿线经济带日益增长的运输需求矛盾将产生积极的作用;对提高大港港区的集疏运能力,扩大镇江市对外开放的经济腹地,改善投资环境,推进社会经济的发展起到积极的促进作用。为了建好镇大铁路,樊子文几年以来刻苦学习专业知识,有的放矢。

对东北新粳稻入关实行运费补贴 促进粮食顺畅流通

为认真贯彻党中央、国务院支农惠农政策,切实保护好农民种粮积极性,稳定东北粳稻价格,经国务院批准,2008年东北新粳稻上市后,中央财政继续对关内(除东北三省外的其他省、自治区、直辖市)具备条件的粮食企业,到东北三省按不低于最低收购价采购并运至本省(区、市)销售或充实地方储备的新粳稻(含大米),给予适当的运费补贴。2008年10月30日,财政部、国家发展改革委员会、国家粮食局、中国农业发展银行以财建【2008】699号文件就《补贴办法》印发了通知。

Calculation of Motor-pumped Well’s Drawdown in Land Consolidation

[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement methods of drawdown of motor-pumped well in land consolidation. [Method] Based on pumping information, the relation curve of drawdown and pumped volume was drawn and the empirical formula was concluded, with examples. [Result] The type of drawdown （h） and flow volume （Q） includes linear type, parabolic type, exponential curve and logarithmic curve. Graphical method and calculus of differences are available for determining the type of curve. [Conclusion] The empirical formula based on pumping test reflects relation between drawdown and pumping volume, which is simple and effective.

Hazard assessment of landslide disaster using information value method and analytical hierarchy process in highly tectonic Chamba region in bosom of Himalaya

The present study is focused on a comparative evaluation of landslide disaster using analytical hierarchy process and information value method for hazard assessment in highly tectonic Chamba region in bosom of Himalaya. During study, the information about the causative factors was generated and the landslide hazard zonation maps were delineated using Information Value Method(IV) and Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) using Arc GIS(ESRI). For this purpose, the study area was selected in a part of Ravi river catchment along one of the landslide prone Chamba to Bharmour road corridor of National Highway(NH^(-1)54 A) in Himachal Pradesh, India. A numeral landslide triggering geoenvironmental factors i.e. slope, aspect, relative relief, soil, curvature, land use and land cover(LULC), lithology, drainage density, and lineament density were selected for landslide hazard mapping based on landslide inventory. Landslide hazard zonation map was categorized namely "very high hazard, high hazard, medium hazard, low hazard, and very low hazard". The results from these two methods were validated using Area Under Curve(AUC) plots. It is found that hazard zonation map prepared using information value method and analytical hierarchy process methods possess the prediction rate of 78.87% and 75.42%, respectively. Hence, landslide hazardzonation map obtained using information value method is proposed to be more useful for the study area. These final hazard zonation maps can be used by various stakeholders like engineers and administrators for proper maintenance and smooth traffic flow between Chamba and Bharmour cities, which is the only route connecting these tourist places.

Causes and Treatment Measures of Rural Highway Concrete Pavement Damages in Mountainous Area

Combined with the practical experience in constructing and maintenance managing the concrete pavement damage repair of Gaotang-Nenghuashan forest highway of Jiangle County,the common damage types and causes of rural highway concrete pavement in the northwestern mountainous area of Western Fujian Province were analyzed,and corresponding treatment measures to various damage were put forward.

Estimation of Added Resistance for Large Blunt Ship in Waves

Under the background of the energy saving and emission reduction, more and more attention has been placed on investigating the energy efficiency of ships. The added resistance has been noted for being crucial in predicting the decrease of speed on a ship operating at sea. Furthermore, it is also significant to investigate the added resistance for a ship functioning in short waves of large modern ships. The researcher presents an estimation formula for the calculation of an added resistance study in short waves derived from the reflection law. An improved method has been proposed to calculate the added resistance due to ship motions, which applies the radiated energy theory along with the strip method. This procedure is based on an extended integral equation （EIE） method, which was used for solving the hydrodynamic coefficients without effects of the irregular frequency. Next, a combined method was recommended for the estimation of added resistance for a ship in the whole wave length range. The comparison data with other experiments indicate the method presented in the paper provides satisfactory results for large blunt ship.

HPR1000： Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor with Active and Passive Safety

HPR1000 is an advanced nuclear power plant(NPP)with the significant feature of an active and passive safety design philosophy,developed by the China National Nuclear Corporation.On one hand,it is an evolutionary design based on proven technology of the existing pressurized water reactor NPP;on the other hand,it incorporates advanced design features including a 177-fuel-assembly core loaded with CF3 fuel assemblies,active and passive safety systems,comprehensive severe accident prevention and mitigation measures,enhanced protection against external events,and improved emergency response capability.Extensive verification experiments and tests have been performed for critical innovative improvements on passive systems,the reactor core,and the main equipment.The design of HPR1000fulfills the international utility requirements for advanced light water reactors and the latest nuclear safety requirements,and addresses the safety issues relevant to the Fukushima accident.Along with its outstanding safety and economy,HPR1000 provides an excellent and practicable solution for both domestic and international nuclear power markets.

Boussinesq equation-based model for flow in drainage layer of highway

In order to study the water flow in the drainage layer of highway under steady-state condition, one-dimensional （1D） Boussinesq equation-based model with Dupuit-Forchheimer assumption was established and the semi-analytical solutions to predict the water-table height were presented. In order to validate the model, a two-dimensional （2D） saturated flow model based on the Laplace equation was applied for the purpose of the model comparison. The water-table elevations predicted by ID Boussinesq equation-based model and 2D Laplace equation-based model match each other well, which indicates that the horizontal flow in drainage layer is dominated. Also, it validates the 1D Boussinesq equation-based model which can be applied to predict the water-table elevation in drainage layer. Further, the analysis was conducted to examine the effect of infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity and slope of drainage layer on the water-table elevation. The results show that water-table falls down as the ratio of Is to K decreases and the slope increases. If the aquifer becomes confined by the top of drainage layer due to the larger ratio of Is to K or smaller slope, the solution presented in this work can also be applied to approximate the water-table elevation in unconfined sub-section as well as hydraulic head in the confined sub-section.

Public choice on coordinated development of border regions and its empirical research:a case study of Wuling mountain area

Due to the difficult segmentation of land destiny, popularity destiny, industry destiny on the platform of common interests demand, the regional governance of production and living for the needs of the people in cross-regional areas, such as in the aspects of security, education, assignment and management of water resources, transportation, energy, environment protection and public health, the administrative border regional cooperation is relatively easy. These aspects are equivalent to public products. Just because of this, it leads to problems that nobody will not control. The governments, in order to realize regional economic coordinated development and to eliminate the regional interests parties of administrative regions economy in microcosmic, were adapting various self-protection measures, even including that "you may have your policy but I have my countermeasures" that is derived from inter-regional economic relations. The action of market segmentation has limited the flow of various economic development elements, especially the condition of "dead end highway", resource exploitation and use, difficult social security work in social living of the administrative boundary zone. This paper studies the typical economical district of Wuling mountain area in the obvious strategic position at the junction of Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei provinces from the angle of regional public management and public choice to present issue awareness and academic purpose.

Matrix porosity calculation in volcanic and dolomite reservoirs and its application

Matrix porosity calculations of fractured and vuggy reservoirs, such as volcanics and weathered dolomite, are one of the problems urgently needed to solve in well-log evaluation. In this paper, we first compare the an empirical formula for porosity calculation from full diameter rhyolite core experiments with the matrix porosity formulas commonly used. We discuss the applicability of the empirical formula in fractured and vuggy reservoirs, such as intermediate-basic volcanics and weathered dolomite. Based on core analysis data, the error distribution of the calculated porosity of our empirical formula and the other porosity formulas in these reservoirs are given. The statistical error analysis indicates that the our empirical formula provides a higher precision than the other porosity formulas. When the porosity is between 1.5% and 15%, the acoustic experiment formula can be used not only for acidic volcanics but also in other fractured and vuggy reservoirs, such as intermediate-basic volcanics and weathered dolomite. Moreover, the formula can reduce the effects of borehole enlargement and rock alteration on porosity computation.

Identification of Sperm Subpopulations in Water Buffalo Ejaculates： Changes in Cryopreservation Stages and Bull Variation

This study aimed to identify and characterize the sperm subpopulations existing in water buffalo semen using a computer assisted sperm analyzer （CASA）, as well as assess the effects of cryopreservation on the sperm subpopulation structure and evaluate bull variability. The semen of eight Bulgarian Murrah bulls was collected by four times in an interval of one week each. The semen was cryopreserved following a standard protocol and sperm kinematics was assessed. Clustering methods were applied to individual sperms, forming two significantly different （P 〈 0.05） subpopulations （P1 and P2）. Subpopulation P1 represents those spermatozoa that moved most rapidly and progressively （46.29%）, and subpopulation P2 includes spermatozoa with relatively low velocity or poorly motile but with high progressiveness （53.41%）. There was a decline on the population of P1 sperms from fresh （52.52%）, pre-freeze （45.73%） to post-thaw （35.17%） stages and significant difference on the sperm kinematics between P1 and P2. A significant decline in the values of distance, velocity and amplitude of lateral head （ALH） parameters were observed at post-thaw stage, while an increase was observed on trajectory and beat cross frequency （BCF） kinematics. Values of sperm kinematics were also significantly different （P 〈 0.05） among all bulls. The frequency distribution of spermatozoa on both subpopulations P1 and P2 was quite similar for all bulls in pre-freeze and post-thaw stages, but with significant （P 〈 0.05） variability on fresh stage. Bulls with the highest maintained frequency of P1 sperms are denoted as good freezer bulls. In sum, kinematic characterization of water buffalo sperm and clustering into subpopulation enable to identify bulls that are more resistant to cryopreservation and production of quality semen for genetic propagation.

The Financial Structure of Italian Companies

The choice of capital structure by firms is a recurring topic of corporate finance and evolving on a theoretical and empirical level. On a theoretical level, scholars propose variations to the models by removing the theoretical hypothesis or expanding variables considered, likewise, on an empirical level, researchers provide survey, which contributions aimed at increasing the understanding of the phenomenon as a whole, considering the possible events in the variety and variability of firms. In particular, one of the most debated topics in the literature regards the existence or absence of relationship between the choices of financial structure and firm value, or the determination of an optimal leverage for the value. Therefore, the attention of researchers has focused on the identification of relationship between debt and equity that maximizes firm＇s performance and meet shareholders＇ expectations in terms of return on capital employed for the same risk. Hence, the aim of this paper is to provide another piece to the cognitive complexity of the phenomenon, focusing the research on Italian firms, given the importance of leverage in the financial structure of Italian firms. The methodology used is based on the analysis conducted using the Mediobanca database aggregated sector by sector to identify the main determinants of financial structure. The conclusion is that it is not possible to say with certainty which financial structure theory better represents the behavior of Italian firms concerning financial structure.

Characterization of suspended solids and particle-bound heavy metals in a first flush of highway runoff

To investigate the dynamic characteristics of total suspended solids (TSS) and their particle-bound heavy metals in a first flush, the runoff sampling together with its flow rate measuring was conducted for three rainfall events at outfalls of highway in Shanghai from June to September 2007. Field samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of TSS and particle-bound heavy metals, such as Zn, Pb, and Cu. Results show that the wash off behavior of TSS under varying runoff rate condition can be explained by different antecedent dry weather period (ADWP). Contribution of fine fraction (<45 μm) to TSS was generally higher than that of coarse fraction (>45 μm). When the runoff flow increased obviously, a significant contribution of the coarse fraction was observed for a certain rainfall events with long antecedent dry weather condition. The changes of total metals concentration and particle-bound metal concentrations were strongly dependent on the TSS variation. TSS was generally well correlated with most particulate-bound heavy metals. Of the heavy metals, the concentration of Zn was found considerably high and that of Pb was significantly low at North Zhongshan 2 Road, in Shanghai, China, but they are still within the range reported in the literature. Fluctuation of heavy metal contents in the coarse fraction during a first flush period was more significant compared with that in the fine fraction. The results will assist in the development of effective control strategies to minimize heavy metals and solids in highway runoff.

The Changes of Water Quality in Space and Time in the Mekong River, Bassac River and Adjacent Waterways

Catfish （Pangasianodon hypophthalmus） farming along Mekong river and Bassac river depends heavily on water quality of the two rivers, whereas water quality of these rivers are affected by the waste of aquaculture activities, agricultural production, industrial and municipal waste. This report analyzes the monitoring data on Mekong river, Bassac river and adjacent waterways in the period of 2011-2012, focusing on parameters of organic pollution to assess the current quality of these two rivers. Based on the results, the water quality in the river-head was generally better than in the middle and at the end of the river, and the quality of water of the Mekong river was better than Bassac river. In terms of time, water quality in July was considered the best in all the basins. At adjacent natural rivers and canals, ammonia levels increased and exceeded the Vietnamese standard in April, and BOD values were also much higher compared to two major rivers. The results of the model also showed that the levels of pollution index of the Mekong and Bassac river were very low （1.33 and 1.47）, and the values （Y） in the canals were higher （1.63-1.67） but still in permitted level. Therefore, the water quality of the Mekong and Bassac river in the period 2011-2012 was generally still quite good.