The MARGov Project consisted in strengthening the interaction among the Professor Luiz Saldanha Marine Park stakeholders, and to collaboratively construct, with social and institutional actors, a governance model for ...The MARGov Project consisted in strengthening the interaction among the Professor Luiz Saldanha Marine Park stakeholders, and to collaboratively construct, with social and institutional actors, a governance model for the Marine Park, located in the municipality of Sesimbra （Portugal）. To pursue this goal, a PPGIS （public participation geographic information system） was developed, allowing the interaction, discussion and public participation of the stakeholders and actors involved. This PPGIS emerged as a crowdsourcing tool, with the purpose of assisting the georeferenced contributes from the local users of the Marine Park, regarding several relevant subjects, such as pollution, economic activities, opportunities and threats to the Marine Park, providing visual, analytical, and demonstrative qualities.展开更多
Human-wildlife conflict is one of the biggest conservation challenges throughout the world.Various conservation strategies have been employed to limit these impacts,but often they are not adequately monitored and thei...Human-wildlife conflict is one of the biggest conservation challenges throughout the world.Various conservation strategies have been employed to limit these impacts,but often they are not adequately monitored and their effectiveness assessed.Recently,electric fencing has been constructed as a means to mitigate humanwildlife conflict surrounding many Nepalese protected areas.To date,there are no other studies analyzing the cost effectiveness and efficacy of fencing for conservation.This study aims to examine the cost effectiveness of electric fencing in the eastern sector of Chitwan National Park,Nepal,where the fencing has recently been constructed.Great Indian one-horned rhinoceros（Rhinoceros unicornis）,wild boar（Sus scrofa）,Asian elephant（Elephas maximus）,and tiger（Panthera tigris） were the main wildlife species involved in human-wildlife conflict in the buffer zone area surrounding the park,where the fencing was deployed.Electric fencing was significantly effective in reducing crop damage by 78% and livestock depredation by 30%–60%.Human mortality was not reduced significantly in the study areas and continued at low levels.Our analysis suggested that total net present value of the cost of electric fence in Kagendramalli User Committee（KMUC） and Mrigakunja User Committee（MKUC） was 1 517 959 NPR（Nepalese Rupees,21 685 USD） and 3 530 075 NPR（50 429 USD） respectively up to the fiscal year 2009/10.Net present benefit in KMUC and MKUC was 16 301 105 NPR（232 872 USD） and 38 304 602 NPR（547 208 USD） respectively up to 2009/10.The cost-benefit ratio of electric fence up to base fiscal year 2009/10 in KMUC is 10.73,whereas MKUC is 10.85.These results illustrate that the electric fencing program is economically and socially beneficial in reducing human-wildlife conflict（crop damage and livestock depredation） around the protected areas where large mammals occur.展开更多
In many highly dense urban environments,the urgent needs of residents for increasing green space,improving the quality of the community environment and reconstructing the relationships among residents have given birth...In many highly dense urban environments,the urgent needs of residents for increasing green space,improving the quality of the community environment and reconstructing the relationships among residents have given birth to the new space type of community gardens.However,China still lacks this relevant experience.In contrast,New York City’s community gardens had a relatively early start,and they now have rich experience in space construction,operation and maintenance.Given their level of experience,they can be used as references for the development of community gardens in China.This paper adopts a bibliometric research method,identifies 201 periodical literature sources published between 2000 and 2020 from the core library of the Web of Science as the object of study,and finally assesses the research hotspot for transferring from macro-research to space-type construction method,social impact,and so on,through CiteSpace software analysis.By virtue of the research process analysis and the results of field surveys and interviews,this paper probes the development status of space construction and social organization construction of the community gardens in New York City,and summarizes that area’s effective experience of development.Based on the current development situation of China’s community gardens,it is proposed that the development of community gardens should be directed by ensuring the land for development,giving full play to social benefits,and mobilizing social organizations,so as to effectively realize urban space construction and social governance.展开更多
文摘The MARGov Project consisted in strengthening the interaction among the Professor Luiz Saldanha Marine Park stakeholders, and to collaboratively construct, with social and institutional actors, a governance model for the Marine Park, located in the municipality of Sesimbra （Portugal）. To pursue this goal, a PPGIS （public participation geographic information system） was developed, allowing the interaction, discussion and public participation of the stakeholders and actors involved. This PPGIS emerged as a crowdsourcing tool, with the purpose of assisting the georeferenced contributes from the local users of the Marine Park, regarding several relevant subjects, such as pollution, economic activities, opportunities and threats to the Marine Park, providing visual, analytical, and demonstrative qualities.
基金supported by National Trust for Nature Conservation,Nepal
文摘Human-wildlife conflict is one of the biggest conservation challenges throughout the world.Various conservation strategies have been employed to limit these impacts,but often they are not adequately monitored and their effectiveness assessed.Recently,electric fencing has been constructed as a means to mitigate humanwildlife conflict surrounding many Nepalese protected areas.To date,there are no other studies analyzing the cost effectiveness and efficacy of fencing for conservation.This study aims to examine the cost effectiveness of electric fencing in the eastern sector of Chitwan National Park,Nepal,where the fencing has recently been constructed.Great Indian one-horned rhinoceros（Rhinoceros unicornis）,wild boar（Sus scrofa）,Asian elephant（Elephas maximus）,and tiger（Panthera tigris） were the main wildlife species involved in human-wildlife conflict in the buffer zone area surrounding the park,where the fencing was deployed.Electric fencing was significantly effective in reducing crop damage by 78% and livestock depredation by 30%–60%.Human mortality was not reduced significantly in the study areas and continued at low levels.Our analysis suggested that total net present value of the cost of electric fence in Kagendramalli User Committee（KMUC） and Mrigakunja User Committee（MKUC） was 1 517 959 NPR（Nepalese Rupees,21 685 USD） and 3 530 075 NPR（50 429 USD） respectively up to the fiscal year 2009/10.Net present benefit in KMUC and MKUC was 16 301 105 NPR（232 872 USD） and 38 304 602 NPR（547 208 USD） respectively up to 2009/10.The cost-benefit ratio of electric fence up to base fiscal year 2009/10 in KMUC is 10.73,whereas MKUC is 10.85.These results illustrate that the electric fencing program is economically and socially beneficial in reducing human-wildlife conflict（crop damage and livestock depredation） around the protected areas where large mammals occur.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51708395,51978443,52078322)The Tianjin Postgraduate Innovation Research Projects(2019YJSB175)。
文摘In many highly dense urban environments,the urgent needs of residents for increasing green space,improving the quality of the community environment and reconstructing the relationships among residents have given birth to the new space type of community gardens.However,China still lacks this relevant experience.In contrast,New York City’s community gardens had a relatively early start,and they now have rich experience in space construction,operation and maintenance.Given their level of experience,they can be used as references for the development of community gardens in China.This paper adopts a bibliometric research method,identifies 201 periodical literature sources published between 2000 and 2020 from the core library of the Web of Science as the object of study,and finally assesses the research hotspot for transferring from macro-research to space-type construction method,social impact,and so on,through CiteSpace software analysis.By virtue of the research process analysis and the results of field surveys and interviews,this paper probes the development status of space construction and social organization construction of the community gardens in New York City,and summarizes that area’s effective experience of development.Based on the current development situation of China’s community gardens,it is proposed that the development of community gardens should be directed by ensuring the land for development,giving full play to social benefits,and mobilizing social organizations,so as to effectively realize urban space construction and social governance.
