昆虫信息素研究——Ⅰ.谷斑皮蠹性信息素14-甲基-顺-8-十六碳烯醛的立体选择合成

谷斑皮蠹(Trogoderma granarium Everts)是一种为害严重、防治困难的世界性仓库害虫,许多国家把它定为重点防治和检疫昆虫之一.1982年我国也将该虫列为进口检疫害虫.

碳六烯烃异构化制备2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯

通过 1 己烯异构化反应的固体酸分子筛催化剂的研究 ,发现ZSM 35和SAPO 11分子筛催化剂具有很好的 1 己烯异构化生成 2 ,3 二甲基 2 丁烯催化反应性能。SAPO 11分子筛上当1 己烯反应空速从 0 2h-1增加到 2 0h-1时 ,2 ,3 二甲基 2 丁烯收率从 5 0 8%降到 0 2 1% ,表明 1 己烯异构生成 2 ,3 二甲基 2 丁烯是慢反应。以工业混合碳六烯烃为原料在t =2 70℃ ,p=0 2MPa ,WHSV =1 0h-1,n(H2 )∶n(碳六烯烃 ) =2∶1反应条件下 ,考察SAPO 11分子筛催化剂用于混合碳六烯烃异构的反应性能 ,在 4 6h的反应过程中 ,2 ,3 二甲基 2 丁烯的收率保持在 8 5 %～ 10 % ,产生的裂解产物和聚合产物收率低于 1%。

二十二碳六烯酸对豚鼠顺铂所致耳毒性的影响

目的通过动物实验,研究二十二碳六烯(DHA)全身给药对顺铂所致豚鼠耳毒性的保护作用。方法将健康豚鼠24只分为正常对照组、DHA加顺铂组、顺铂组,DHA加顺铂组连续给予植物油稀释后的DHA灌胃,500 mg·kg-1·d-1,共30d。在灌胃22d时,开始生理盐水稀释后的0.25mg/mL的顺铂溶液腹腔注射,连续9d,正常对照组和顺铂组只给予相同剂量植物油灌胃。结果顺铂造模后,顺铂组和DHA加顺铂组ABR阈值明显高于正常对照组,DHA加顺铂组明显低于顺铂组。DHA加顺铂组外毛细胞残存数明显高于顺铂组,组织形态优于顺铂组,螺旋神经节细胞形态顺铂组差于DHA加顺铂组。结论 DHA灌胃给药对临床顺铂化疗耳毒性并发症有一定的保护作用。

粗丙烯二聚体为原料合成六碳醇起泡剂的研究

详细阐述了以粗丙烯二聚体为原料，经硫酸水合法合成六碳醇起泡剂的研究过程。链状结构的六碳醇起泡剂比松醇油易生物降解，有利于矿山的环境保护。用泡沫高度法和浮选试验证明其起泡性能和浮选指标与国外矿山普遍使用的ＭＩＢＣ 相近，泡沫松脆，选择性好，浮选作业中有利于提高精矿品位，是一种优良的合成起泡剂。

丙烯二聚催化剂的研究进展

综述了国内外丙烯二聚制异构碳六烯烃的两大催化剂种类,均相催化剂包括均相镍催化剂、铁、钴、钒等络合体系催化剂;非均相催化剂包括磷酸系列催化剂、碱金属系列催化剂和过渡金属配合物负载型催化剂。概述了影响催化剂活性和选择性的影响因素,其中溶剂对催化剂的催化性能和后续催化剂分离等作用明显。提出了丙烯二聚反应目前应该着重发力的方向。

高纯度的棉铃虫性信息素主要组份的合成

棉铃虫(Heliothis amigora)是世界性棉花害虫,在我国产棉区的危害也甚为严重.棉铃虫性信息素主要组份为顺-9-十六碳烯醛-1(1)和顺-11-十六碳烯醛-1(2)等烯醛类化合物.1和2的合成报道是以Wittig反应为主或炔锂和卤代烷缩合,这种合成路线所得的1和2.其顺式双键的纯度均仅95~98%,总产率约35%.因为昆虫对信息素的几何异构体组成非常敏感.所以几何异构体的纯度在合成昆虫信息素中特别重要.为此我们选择了用顺-二(烯基)铜锂的烷基化反应合成1和2(图式1A).得到了>99.5%顺式构型的产物.用此法不仅合成步骤短,而且总产率高达80%.此外用本法还可通过变换图式1中的m或n数得到一系列双键位置不同的长链脂肪醛、醇及其乙酸酯的昆虫性信息素化合物.溴化物3和锂反应生成的锂试剂与碘化亚铜,乙炔及碘代烷通过一步反应即生成顺式烯化合物4,产率90%.然后除去4的保护基团和再经PCO氧化,得1和2,总产率分别为79.5%

鱼类加工下脚料的资源化与利用途径

介绍用鱼类加工下脚料制取水解蛋白、鱼精蛋白、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十五碳烯酸(EPA)等营养和生物活性物质的技术工艺,为进一步开发利用鱼下脚料资源提供参考。

微克量红外光谱测试方法的探讨

随着环境保护,生物活性物质和分析鉴定等研究工作的发展,微量痕量物质的光谱测定很受重视。红外光谱微量测试也是国内外致力探讨的技术。目前光栅仪器一般只能测到10微克,若计算机数据处理系统与仪器联用可减少到1微克,国外已有用付里叶变换红外光谱仪测到数十毫微克到几毫微克的超微量测试的报导。在付里叶光谱仪尚不普遍的条件下,我们探索了用光栅仪器测微克量样品的简便方法。

0.5Mt/a加氢后轻汽油醚化工艺生产运行分析

采用加氢后轻汽油醚化技术,将轻汽油中的碳五、碳六的叔碳烯烃与甲醇进行醚化反应,生成高辛烷值醚类化合物,有效降低了轻汽油中的烯烃含量,提高了辛烷值并降低了汽油蒸汽压,有助于国内汽油质量升级的需求。

Effects of Culture Conditions on Growth and Docosahexaenoic Acid Production from Schizochytrium limacinum

The effects of temperature, initial pH, salinity of culture medium, and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth and doco- sahexaenoic acid (C22 : 6 n-3, DHA) production from Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88 were investigated in the present study. The results revealed that the optimal temperature, initial pH and salinity level of the medium for DHA production were 23℃, 7.0 and 18, respectively. Glucose was proved the best carbon source for the growth and DHA production from S. limacinum. Among the nitrogen sources tested, soybean cake hydrolysate, a cheap by-product, was found to be effective for the accumulation of DHA in S. lima- cinum cells. In addition, increasing the concentration of carbon sources in the medium caused a significant increase in cell biomass; however, accumulation of DHA in cells was mainly stimulated by the ratio of C/N in the medium. Under the optimal culture condi- tions, the maximum DHA yield achieved in flasks was 4.08 g L-1 after 5 d of cultivation.

Effect of pollution on DNA damage and essential fatty acid profile in Cirrhinus mrigala from River Chenab

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic pollution on DNA damage and the fatty acid profile of the bottom dweller fish （Cirrhinus mr^gala）, collected from the River Chenab, in order to assess the effect of the toxicants on the quality of the fish meat. The levels ofCd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr and Sn and of phenols from this river were significantly higher than the permissible limits set by the USEPA. Comet assays showed DNA damage in Cirrhinus mr^gala collected from three different sampling sites in the polluted area of the river. Significant differences were observed for DNA damage through comet assay in fish collected from polluted compared to control sites. No significant differences were observed for DNA damage between farmed and fish collected from upstream. The micronucleus assay showed similar trends. Fish from the highly polluted sites showed less number of fatty acids and more saturated fatty acids in their meat compared to fish from less polluted areas. Several fatty acids were missing in fish with higher levels of DNA in comet tail and micronucleus induction. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid （20：5n-3） was found missing in the fish from polluted environment while it was found in considerable amount in farmed fish 7.8±0.4%. Docosahexaenoic acid （22：6n-3） also showed significant differences as 0.1±0.0 and 7.0±0.1% respectively, in wild polluted and fanned fishes.

Analysis of fatty acid composition of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus using multivariate statistics

Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A.japonicus using multivariate analyses(PERMANOVA,MDS,ANOSIM,and SIMPER).The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly.The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and nonaestivated sea cucumbers.Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation,and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation,are digested during deep aestivation.Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A.japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.

Docosahexaenoic acid suppresses arachidonic acid-induced proliferation of LS-174T human colon carcinoma cells

AIM： To investigate the impact of arachidonic acid （AA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） and their combination on colon cancer cell growth. METHODS： The LS-174T colon cancer cell line was used to study the role of the prostaglandin precursor AA and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA on cell growth. Cell viability was assessed in XTT assays. For analysis of cell cycle and cell death, flow cytometry and DAPI staining were applied. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）, p21 and bcl-2 in ceils incubated with AA or DHA was examined by real-time RT-PCR. Prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） generation in the presence of AA and DHA was measured using a PGE2- ELISA. RESULTS： AA increased cell growth, whereas DHA reduced viability of LS 174T cells in a time- and dosedependent manner. Furthermore, DHA down- regulated mRNA of bcl-2 and up-regulated p21. Interestingly, DHA was able to suppress AA-induced cell proliferation and significantly lowered AA-derived PGE2 formation. DHA also down-regulated COX-2 expression. In addition to the effect on PGE2 formation, DHA directly reduced PGE2-induced cell proliferation in a dosedependent manner. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that DHA can inhibit the pro-proliferative effect of abundant AA or PGE2.

Lipid Oxidation and Fatty Acid Composition in Salt-Dried Yellow Croaker(Pseudosciaena polyactis) During Processing

Lipid oxidation in salt-dried yellow croaker(Pseudosciaena polyactis) was evaluated during processing with commonly used analytical indices, such as the peroxide value(POV), the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) value, and oxidative-relative lipoxygenase(LOX) activity. Additionally, fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both POV and TBARS increased significantly(P < 0.05) at the rinsing stage. POV reached its peak value of 3.63 meq O_2 per kg sample at the drying stage, whereas TBARS constantly increased from 0.05 to 0.20 mg MDA per kg sample. Processing of salt-dried yellow croaker had an extremely significant(P < 0.01) effect on LOX activity. Twenty-six fatty acids were identified. Combined eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA; C20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA; C22:6n3) content varied between(19.20 ±0.37) mg g^(-1) and(23.45 ± 1.05) mg g^(-1). The polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid(PUFA/SFA) ratio in yellow croaker was 0.73–1.10, and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was approximately 0.13–0.20. The contents of most fatty acids varied significantly(P <0.05) during the different processing stages, and these differences were caused by lipid oxidation. C18:0, C16:1n7, C19:0, and C22:6n3 showed clear changes in principle component one of a principle components analysis. These fatty acids are potential markers for evaluating lipid oxidation in fish muscle because there was a significant correlation between these markers and TBARS and LOX activity(P < 0.05) with Pearson's coefficients > 0.931.

行为缺陷与饮食诱导的脑组织DHA水平下降的关系

DHA(二十二碳六烯n-3脂肪酸),是一种在成年哺乳类动物的神经系统中高度聚集的长链多不饱和脂肪酸.围产期和婴幼儿出生后旱期,是大脑快速发育的阶段,与此同时,DHA在脑组织中的含量也迅速增加.为探讨长链多不饱和脂肪酸对神经系统的影响,通过给大鼠及其F2、F3代喂养富含或缺乏n-3脂肪酸的饮食,了解n-3脂肪酸缺乏对其子代成年大鼠空间学习、记忆能力的影响.

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Modulate Calcium Signaling in Murine CD36-Positive Taste Buds Cells, via Phospholipase Pathways

DHA （docosahexaenoic acid） and EPA （eicosapentaenoic acid） induced intracellular calcium increase in taste receptor cells purified from mouse circumvallate papillae. We have demonstrated that DHA and EPA induced calcium increase respectively via cPLA2 （cytosolic phospholipase A2） type lVc and calcium independent iPLA2 （phospholipase A2） type VI. Intracellular calcium increases via PLC （phospholipase C） pathway and leads to a calcium effiux and further SOC （stored operated calcium） channels activation. An abundant increase in intracellular calcium will induce exocytosis of neurotransmitters into the extracellular medium. Our results suggest that DHA and EPA induced calcium signaling, and should be implicated in the transmission of lipid gustatory information to afferent nerve fibers, as shown previously with linoleic acid.

Effect of Dietary Lipid Levels on Fatty Acids Composition of Cultured Sparusaurata

The aim of this study was to determine the progressive evolution of fish muscle fatty acids composition feeding by different lipid levels of farmed Mediterranean gilthead sea bream （Sparusaurata）. During twenty one weeks, Sparusaurata were hand-feed two diets with protein and lipid ratios 47/20 （Diet A） and 45/22 （Diet B） respectively. At the end of the feeding period, lipid contents of muscle, as well as fatty acids profiles of different portions of the muscles were studied. Results indicated the effects of fatty acids profiles of diets throughout the liver and white muscle fillet （dorsal, middle and ventral）. These were more noticeable when Sparusaurata was fed on the diet Athat decreased the content of monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA）, and polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） in all the muscles during the period of feeding while the saturated fatty acids （SFA） content tended to increase and it was lower than ones in the muscles of Sparusaurata fed on diet B. The highest amount of PUFA and docosahexaenoic acid, （22：6n-3 DHA） were found among the different portions of ventral muscles. In addition, the progressive evolution of different parts of muscle＇s fatty acid profiles showed significant differences in contents of SFA, PUFA and especially the n-3 PUFA. However, the content of MUFA seems to be alike in different muscles and tended to decrease in dorsal and ventral muscle from Do to Df and inversely when the fish were fed on diet A.

The Effect of Feeding Laying Hen Conventional and Omega-3 Enriched Diet on Fatty Acid Profiles in Egg Yolk Lipids

The aim of this research was to enrich table eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids （n-3 PUFA）, especially with essential eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA）. After five weeks of feeding of laying hens with standard and experimental diets, there was analysis carried out to determine the fatty acid profile in egg yolks of both groups. Omega-3 eggs contain statistically significantly （P 〈 0.05） less sum of saturated fatty acids （∑SFA） and more∑n-3 PUFA, as well as narrower ratio of∑n-6/∑n-3 PUFA than conventional eggs. If referring to individual fatty acids of omega-3 eggs, there were increased portions （P 〈 0.05） of α-linolenic acid （α-LNA）, docosapentaenoic acid （DPA）, EPA and DHA determined in this research, which was in line with the research objective. Within the presented research, concentration of n-3 PUFA in egg yolk lipids of experimental group was two times higher than that in the control group. The ratio of ∑n-6 PUFA/∑n-3 PUFA was reduced from 12.04 to 6.17. Within their enzymatic system, laying hens can act as a bioreactor to naturally enrich their eggs with n-3 PUFA, especially with EPA and DHA. The results of this research proved that the fatty acid profile can be modified by designing of laying hens＇ diets with specific forages. Eggs were enriched with favorable fatty acids in the following order： α-LNA 〉 DHA 〉 DPA 〉 EPA.

Acid sensitive doxorubicin-PAMAM with tumor targeting profile

Poly （amidoamine） dendrimers are emerging as versatile and derivatizable nano-scale drug delivery vehicles. In our study, cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexenoic acid and doxorubicin were conjugated to generation 2.5 PAMAM. The molecular architecture of the carrier was designed for optimized blood circulation and optimized drug release through the use of pH-sensitive hydrazone linkages. In vitro, DHA-PAMAM-DOX conjugates were able to release twice as much doxorubicin at pH 4.5 （lysosomal pH） as at pH 7.4, ensuring more pronounced antitumor activity. Upon intravenous administration to ICR mice, the DHA-PAMAM-DOX delivery systems resulted in more plasma exposure of doxorubicin than free doxorubicin solution. In efficacy studies performed with B6D2F1 mice bearing B16 melanoma tumors, DHA-PAMAM-DOX was significantly more efficient in inhibiting tumor growth than free doxorubicin at the dose equivalent to 5 mg/kg doxorubicin. Our research provides evidence that DHA-PAMAM-DOX conjugates have the potential to enhance the effect of cancer therapy in the course of delivering anticancer drugs to their target sites.