降水对广西马山兰电堂泉水化学动态变化观测研究

利用多参数自动记录仪(CDTP300)对广西马山兰电堂泉的降雨量、水位、水温、pH值和电导率进行自动化监测,数据采集间隔为15 min。结果发现,降雨期间泉水pH值和温度呈升高趋势的同时却出现电导率急剧降低的现象。通过进一步利用WATSPAC软件计算泉水方解石饱和指数(SIC)、白云石饱和指数(SID)和二氧化碳分压(LogP-CO2),发现其SIC、SID和LogPCO2值在降雨期间均呈明显降低趋势。由此可以推断,兰电堂泉水化学动态变化是由雨水的稀释作用造成的,因为研究区具有较高pH值和低电导率的雨水能够形成坡面流快速通过岩溶管道系统影响泉水的水化学性质,并使稀释作用成为控制表层岩溶泉在雨季水化学动态变化的主要因素。

表层岩溶带生态系统的水文地球化学效应——以弄拉兰电堂泉域为例

表层岩溶带及其植被、土壤构成特殊的岩溶生态系统。本文系统分析了兰电堂泉域的植物和土壤微生物群落特征、土壤理化性质及水样理化性质,结果表明:从大气降雨、穿透雨,树干径流,土壤水到岩溶泉水的水文过程中,电导率、暂时硬度、总碳量不断增加,不同阶段各阴、阳离子的吸附和淋溶存在差异,对大部分离子,植被层和浅层土壤有较强淋溶作用,深层土壤吸附作用较强。表层岩溶带水文过程是碳循环的重要途径之一,植被层是有机碳的重要来源,土壤层是无机碳、有机碳和HCO3-转化的重要化学场,植物-土壤系统主导了碳的转化和转移,影响表层岩溶动力系统。随植物群落正向演替的进行,表层岩溶生态系统趋于稳定,能有效调控水文地球化学性质变化。

广西弄拉兰电堂岩溶泉水化学动态变化

利用多参数自动记录仪对广西弄拉兰电堂泉无降雨时的水化学动态变化监测表明,水中CO2分压、温度和包气带含水状况是驱动泉水水化学动态变化的主要因素。气温变化、降雨及太阳辐射的昼夜更替,影响了植物生命活动的强弱。湿季泉水的溶蚀强度明显大于干季,表现为方解石饱和指数(SIC)和白云石饱和指数(SID)较高。干湿季无降雨气候条件下,温度对植物活动起主要控制作用。

发挥党员的先锋引领作用,助推兰州兰电高质量发展

习近平总书记在全国国有企业党的建设工作会议上指出,党对国有企业的领导是政治领导、思想领导、组织领导的有机统一。国有企业党组织发挥领导核心和政治核心作用,归结到一点,就是把方向、管大局、保落实。作为一名国有企业的党员领导干部,笔者深感责任重大、使命光荣,唯有永记初心、方能不辱使命,必须毫不动摇坚持党对一切工作的领导,进一步落实管党治党责任,不断强化“两个维护”的高度自觉,扎实推进“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育制度化、常态化,把中国特色社会主义推向前进。

兰电公司1.0MW成套风电机组整体安装结束

2008年3月，在距离玉门市17km的洁源风电厂，1台标有“兰州电机”、塔筒高60余米的风力发电机组，成功完成了叶轮与主轴法兰的对接。这是全体兰电人翘首以盼的盛大喜事，标志着兰州电机有限责任公司首台1．0MW风力发电机组整体安装结束，取得阶段性成果，同时也标志着该公司在甘肃省振兴装备制造业、再造“陆上三峡”战略目标中所承担项目的正式启动。

A4~12GHz Wideband Balanced MIC Power Amplifier

A 4-12GHz wideband power amplifier,using a balanced configuration with a strip line Lange coupler, is designed and fabricated. This power amplifier shows a maximum continuous wave output power of 29.5dBm at 8GHz center frequency with an associated gain of 8.5dB and a gain flatness of ＋ /- 0.6dB in the 4-12GHz frequency range.

Trace Elements in Leccinum scabrum Mushrooms and Topsoils from K odzka Dale in Sudety Mountains, Poland

In the current study, we determined concentrations and transfer rates of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn to Brown Birch Scaber Stalks （Leccinum scabrum） mushrooms emerged in the area of Sudety Mountains （Sudetes） in Poland. Fruiting bodies and topsoil samples beneath L. scabrum were collected form the Ktodzka Dale. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES） for final measurement. Mushrooms contained Ag, Cr, Hg, Co, Ni and Sr at 〈 1.0μg/g dry weight; Ba and Pb at -1.0μg/g dw; Cd at 〈 5μPg/g dw; Cu and Mn at 〉 10 μg/g dw; Al and Ca at -100μg/g dw; Fe, Na, Rb and Zn at lOO to 500μg/g dw, Mg at -1.000μg/g dw; P at -5,000 μg/g dw and K at -30,000 μg/g dw. Ca, Mn and Ni were nearly equally distributed between stipes and caps; stipes compared to caps were enriched in Ba, Na and Sr, while caps were enriched in Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, P, Pb, Rb and Zn. The values of bioconcentration factor （BCF） varied highly depending on chemical element and were 〉1 for Ag, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb and Zn, while 〈1 for A1, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sr. Topsoil showed elevated content of lead and mean concentration was 99 ± 32 μg/g dw, while cadmium was at 0.41 ± 0.15 and those two highly toxic to human elements occurred in edible caps of L. scabrum at 4.5 ± 2.2 and 2.9 ± 2.0 μg/g dw, respectively.

Mineral Constituents in Common Chanterelles and Soils Collected from a High Mountain and Lowland Sites in Poland

This paper reported the results of the determination of Ag, A1, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn in Common Chanterelles （Cantharellus cibarius） Fr. and surface soil layer （o-io cm） underneath the fruiting bodies. Mushrooms and soils were collected from a lowland site in the Hel Peninsula （Baltic Sea coast） and a high mountain site in the Tatra Mountains. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES）. Common Chanterelles that emerged at sites poor in mineral nutrients podzols of the Hel Peninsula forests efficiently bioeoncentrated several essential trace elements （K, P, Co, Cu, Mn, Na, Zn）, while the abundance of those elements in carpophores was around half less compared to specimens from Zakopane region and which emerged in soils much richer in minerals. Common Chanterelles collected at two spatially distant background areas in Poland were only weakly contaminated with metals such as Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb. The maximum tolerable Cd and Pb contents of certain cultivated mushrooms are regulated in the European Union by law and these hazardous metals in C. cibarius were far below tolerance limits set.

In the Labyrinth of Memory Cultural Representations About the Warsaw Rising of 1945 in Polish Film and Media Narration

The Warsaw Uprising is one of the events key to understanding not only the history of Poland but also Central Europe and World War II. The Uprising shows that the war was not a simple fight of good against evil （as it often perceived in Western Europe） but that in fact three sides, each with different goals, were involved--two totalitarian systems and the world of Western democracies. Memory is a phenomenon that is directly related to the present; our perception of the past is always influenced by the present. The aim of the author＇s presentation is to examine how the collective memory of Polish people about the Warsaw Rising was changing. The author would argue that the remembrance of this event is situated between the communicative memory and cultural memory. To prove it, the author will examine two movies： Sewer （1956） by Andrzej Wajda, Eroica （1956） by Andrzej Munk, and the narrative exhibition of the Warsaw Rising Museum.

Examples of the Teaching of the Health Questions of Electric and Magnetic Fields at Tampere University of Technology in Finland

The objective of the article is to present the examples of the teaching of the health questions of electric and magnetic fields at TUT （Tampere university of technology） in Finland. At TUT, the education of the health questions of electric and magnetic fields has been integrated into part of four courses, which also include other environmental issues. TUT also products two times per year situation report bulletins on medical-oriented studies related to electric and magnetic fields so that graduates and people working in transmission line projects can follow new studies of the area. It is important to develop more education of EMF health questions, so people can more easily understand how new devices and technologies work.

Determining the Environmental and Economic Benefits of Life Cycle Assessment on Example of the Power Plants in Poland

The paper presents a method of life cycle assessment （LCA） to determine the impact of the electricity produced on the environment. To determine the environmental burdens and benefits the LCA technique is used, methodologically based on ISO 14040 series. In addition, the usefulness of this method to assess the energy sector has been shown. To evaluate the process, SimaPro software and the method of Eco Indicator 99 were used, which allows to get the results of the burden and benefit with taking into account three categories of damages： ecosystem quality, human health, and raw materials. This paper presents the impact of electricity generation on the environment in coal power plants. The article also points to the directions of the Polish energy sector and pointed to the need to determine the environmental risks associated with the production of energy. A detailed analysis by the method of LCA is made to compare the environmental impact of electricity generation in the Lagisza Power Plant and Turdw Power Plant. It is pointed to the difference in the results obtained. Moreover, the causes of the reported environmental impacts are discussed. Measures are identified which will help to reduce in the future the impact of the electricity produced on the environment during the production of electricity.

Factors Determining the Development of Non-cash Payments in Rural Areas in Poland

This article aims at characterization and assessment of the financial behaviors of rural dwellers on non-cash payment markets and identification of factors determining the intensity of using individual methods of payment by the inhabitants of rural areas. The main source of data used for analysis and inference was information originating from the authors＇ own investigations conducted in 2013 on a group of 500 rural households and on a group of 150 trade and service points operating in non-urbanized areas. This work made use of statistical summary measures and Z2 independence test. According to the results of the conducted studies, forms of payment used by rural dwellers depend on many variables, of demographic, economic, and psychological character. Cash payments are more frequently used by persons possessing vocational or secondary education, elderly people, old-age pensioners, annuitants, or households with lower incomes. Also, persons who do not trust financial institutions or do not perceive benefits resulting from the use of non-cash instruments prefer cash. It is a group of households which require urgent educational activities in the area of non-cash payment instruments. A significant barrier to using non-cash payment instruments by rural dwellers was a limited access to non-cash channels. It is connected in the first place with a poorer development of financial infrastructure in rural areas （banks or cash points）, insufficient Internet access conditioning a possibility to use electronic banking points, and also a worse development of credit card acceptance network. As has been demonstrated by the results of conducted studies, the main reason for a lack of point of sale （POS） terminals in retail and service-providing points operating in rural areas, in the opinion of their owners, is the very high interchange fee （50% indications）, which under Polish conditions is one of the highest in the European Union （EU）.

Environmental and Social Impacts of Mini-hydropower Plants--A Case Study from Sri Lanka

This research study was conducted to review the environmental and social impact of mini hydropower plants （run-of-the-river type） by selecting Denawaka Ganga mini hydropower plant, which is located in Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka. Field visits and discussions among the authors, authorities and the residents were carried out. Then, the environmental and social impacts were scientifically analysed using regulation degree （RD） and environmental impact value （EIV） scores. It was found out that the Denawaka Ganga mini hydropower plant has induced some environmental concerns; however, significant positive social impact to the society. This is in addition to the green energy generation. Therefore, it can be concluded herein that the Denawaka Ganga mini hydropower is an asset to the country, Sri Lanka.

Smart Solar Charging： Bi-Directional AC Charging （V2G） in the Netherlands

It is to be expected that the number of electric vehicles will be growing in the near future. This trend comes together with the development of smaller decentralized generation units, like PV （photo voltaic）. Together with the change on demand side that comes with the global ＂electrification＂, this can lead to serious grid congestion in low voltage grids and massive grid investments in solving this congestion. Smart charging can partly solve this issue, but with using a connected EV （electric vehicle） as a small distribution unit, combined with bi-directional charging or V2G （vehicle-to-grid） technology, these investments can be reduced to a minimum. In Lombok, Utrecht, the Netherlands, an innovative pilot was initiated with smart solar charging stations, shared electric vehicles and AC （alternating current） V2G technology. This unique combination proves that EVs are an opportunity for the grid rather than a threat. A unique partnership with OEM Renault was established to develop an AC V2G vehicle product line and work on open standardized communication between the EV, the charging station and the grid.

Distributed Generation Influence on Power Distribution System Development in Poland

A lot of individual electricity sources of small power common （called distributed generation） occurred in Polish power sector during the last period. Gradual increases of distributed generation will cover current and future demand of consumers as well as allow to keep essential reserves in distribution and transmission grids. Emphasizing on this problem can upgrade economic efficiency and grid significance of distributed generation for investors and distribution utilities in Poland.

Analysis of the Development of E-government in Poland Compared With the World and the European Union Countries

The paper focuses on the increasing development of e-services and an increase in interest in them. With e-government is developed, a collaboration between employees of public administration at different levels of the natural or legal persons according to their needs. The paper presents the electronic platforms of public administration services in Poland. The analysis of e-government was conducted based on selected statistics from reports prepared by the United Nations in 2010 and 2012. The data for the European Union and Poland are summarized in the table in order of occupied places in the ranking and evaluation of e-government and e-services in Poland on the background of world and the European Union are presented in the form of graphs.

A Compact Low Energy Electron Microscope for Surface Analysis

The description and function characterization of a flange-on type low energy electron mi- croscope are given. In this microscope a magnetic beam separator with 10° deflection angle is used in order to facilitate compacting the instrument on a single 10 in. flange. Mean- while some correcting elements in the electron optical system are simplified to reduce the complexities of construction and operation. The sample is set close to ground potential, so that all the electrostatic lenses are easily to float at high voltages. The performance of the microscope in typical low energy electron microscopy, low energy electron diffraction and photoemission electron microscopy modes is demonstrated through several experiments. A lateral resolution of 51 nm is estimated for low energy electron microscopy imaging. With femtosecond laser as light source, the consequent nonlinear photoemission makes this micro-scope also suitable for the observation of optical near field phenomena and a lateral resolution of 110 nm is obtained.

Nuclear Power in the Fuel and Energy Complex of Ukraine

Nuclear power is a powerful and effective energy branch in Ukraine. There are currently 4 active nuclear power stations （NPS） and 13 operational VVER energy units, producing a total power of 11880 MW, in the country. According to the data collected from the International Agency of Nuclear-Power Energy, Ukraine is in seventh place for the largest supply of uranium on the planet. The use of nuclear power in Ukraine includes： extraction and processing uranium ore, production of UF6, production of zirconia rental and purveyances from a zirconia alloy, production of heat-radiating collections, storage of exhaust nuclear fuel and nuclear wastes. The realisation of uranium isotopic enrichment is the main problem in the structure of organisation in nuclear fuel production in Ukraine. This country has a unique station, non-operative Chemobyl NPS, where different types of wastes are located. Two factories are currently being built there in order to process the liquid and solid radio-active wastes. In perspective, Ukrainian nuclear-power energy will be enriched with new nuclear-power units and security systems to ensure safe manufacturing.

Effect of the chelating agents on bio-sorption of hexavalent chromium using Agave sisalana fibers

The current work is focused on the study of the bio-sorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using sisal natural fiber(Agave sisalana) treated by various chelating agents(ligands) such as urea(UR),thiocarbamide(TC), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA), and diphenyl carbazide(DCZ). The fiber treatments were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR) and Scanning electron microscope(SEM). The kinetics of chromium bio-sorption was studied in batch presses under the effect of some physicochemical factors such as the nature of chelating agent(F@UR, F@TC, F@DCZ, and F@EDTA),adsorbent dose(2–10 g·L^(-1)), chromium initial concentration(100–500 mg·L^(-1)), solution pH(1–6), and batch temperature(20 ℃–50 ℃). This study resulted in an optimum adsorption at a chromium initial concentration of 100 mg·L^(-1), at pH 2, and at 20 ℃. The obtained results showed clearly that the treatment with chelating agent boosts the adsorptive capacity of A. sisalana fibers Cr(VI) 10.9 mg·g^(-1) to 58.6 mg·g^(-1). The modeling study showed that the adsorption kinetics obey the pseudo-second-order model, with an R2 in the range of 0.991 and 0.999. The bio-sorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model; the maximum uptake capacity of(F@N, F@UR,F@TC, F@DCZ, and F@EDTA) was found to be respectively, 12.3 mg·g^(-1), 25.33 mg·g^(-1), 28.73 mg·g^(-1),42.54 mg·g^(-1), and 61.45 mg·g^(-1). The determined adsorption thermodynamics parameters such as enthalpy,free energy, and entropy showed that the adsorption process is exothermic, spontaneous, and has a stable configuration.

Financial Appraisal of a Small Scale Wind Turbine with a Case Study in Ireland

This research seeks to evaluate the economic benefits to be gained by installing a small-scale wind turbine for a customer with a three-phase electrical supply requirement. The evidence for the claims made in this paper is obtained by using actual data obtained from the installed equipment over a three year period. The objective is to accurately appraise the financial investment using real data. There appears to be limited studies conducted into this type of research, possibly because the renewable energy sector is in the infancy stage in the host country, Ireland. There are some wind energy installations with financial appraisal techniques based on modeled data, which may, or may not, be accurate. The study concludes by claiming that the financial benefits of the wind energy turbine installation had disappointing results when compared to predicted benefits based on modeled data.