半导体激光器中产生的光脉冲红移啁啾的消除

对啁啾脉冲在单模线性色散光纤中的非线性传输演化过程进行了解析分析和定量的数值计算．结果表明，在单模线性色散光纤正群速色散区。

股权收益分享计划造就的亿万富翁

桑特福德·伊·威尔是美国旅行者集团的总裁,他是一名波兰移民的后裔,今年65岁,今年4月初他领导的旅行者集团与美国花旗银行达成了一项迄今为止金额最大的合并协议,旅行者集团的股票由于合并消息的刺激而大幅攀升,仅合并消息公布的当天,威尔的旅行者集团的股票就迅速上涨了160美元,减尔也因此而变得更加富有,1997年度威尔通过股票上涨而获得的收益达1.42亿美元,约合2.

The redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines and the motion of mass-points in gravitational fields of photon stars

The redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines in gravitational fields of photon stars are studied when the observing and emitting points of the spectral lines locate at different positions. And the motion of masspoints is also studied. The studies show that the redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines in gravitational fields of photon stars can he arbitrarily positive, and the motion of mass-points in gravitational fields of photon stars can be used to determine the mass of photon stars.

Comparison of Milan and UCSF criteria for liver transplantation to treat hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To assess the validity of the Milan and University of California San Francisco(UCSF) criteria and examine the long-term outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in a single-center study.METHODS:This study is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data.Between 1998 and 2009,56 of 356 OLTs were performed in patients with HCC.Based on pathological examination of liver explants,patients were retrospectively categorized into 3 groups:Milan +(n = 34),Milan-/UCSF +(n = 7) and UCSF-(n = 14).RESULTS:Median follow-up period was 39.5(1-124) mo.The 5-year overall survival rates in the Milan +,Milan-/UCSF + and UCSF-groups were 87.7%,53.6% and 33.3%,respectively(P < 0.000).Within these groups,tumor recurrence was determined in 5.8%,14.3% and 40% of patients,respectively(P < 0.011).Additionally,the presence of microvascular invasion within the explanted liver had a negative effect on the 5-year disease free survival(74.7% vs 46.7%,P < 0.044).CONCLUSION:The Milan criteria are reliable in the selection of suitable candidates for OLT for the treatment of HCC.For cases of OLT involving living donors,the UCSF criteria may be applied.

Inspired by Thomas and Znaniecki. Do We Observe the Formation of a New Polish-Norwegian Society

The paper aims to present that concepts introduced in The Polish Peasant in Europe and America have not lost their validity They are still inspiring for analysis of contemporary migratory movements. Especially, the premise that ＂assimilation＂ of Polish migrants is not an individual but a group phenomenon can shape a scope of analysis of massive post-EU-accession emigration from Poland. The author tests adequacy of classical tools for investigation on Polish migrants in Norway. What is interesting about them is the fast increase in their number after 2004. As a consequence, they are the biggest immigrant group in this country. They have been spreading all over Norway; however, more than half of them reside in four counties （Oslo, Akershus, Rogeland, and Hordaland）. Referring to the approach introduced by Thomas and Znaniecki, formation of a new Polish-Norwegian society is a process constituted by certain stages, which will be discussed in the paper below

Study of the Dextran-DTPA-Gd at rabbit popliteal fossa lymph node metastasis from thigh transplanted tumor with interstitial magnetic resonance lymphography

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the developing situation of the interstitial magnetic resonance （MR） lymphoid contrast agent Dextran-DTPA-Gd through the rabbit popliteal fossa lymph node metastasis from thigh VX2 transplanted tumor injection to show targeting enhanced metastatic lymph nodes and lymphatics. Methods： VX2 tumor was transplanted to the right hind limb quadriceps of 12 healthy New Zealand rabbits and the left side as a contrast. Eight rabbits had homonymy popliteal lymph node metastasis after 1 month through 3.0 GE MRI and they were later injected with lym phatic targeting contrast agent Dextran-DTPA-Gd 0.4 mL （3.96 x 10^-3 tool/L） through bilateral hindlimb toe web respectively. Enhanced MR images were obtained with interval 10 min, 15 min, 20 rain, 25 min, 30 rain, 35 min, 40 rain, 45 rain, 50 min, 55 min, 60 min, 2 h, 4 h, and 24 h. The signal intensities before and after enhancing were measured to calculate the enhanc- ing rates （E%） of popliteal lymph node and the popliteal lymph node signal intensity-time curves were drawn to observe the development of cancer metastasis lymph nodes and lymphatics and to compare the differences of interval sides. Results： Ten minutes after injected into the rabbit＇s bilateral hindlimb toe web, we could see hind lymphatic and popliteal lymph nodes were strengthened significantly and evenly without blood vessels developing. The signal reached a peak after 35 rain with E% to 315%, which decreased to 205% after 4 h and would be undifferentiated with the surrounding tissues after 24 h. Sta- tistical analysis was made to popliteal lymph node enhancement rate. It was considered statistically significant as long as P 〈 0.05. The tumor-side popliteal lymph node manifested as coarse and irregular shape, lymphatic vessels tortuous dilated and lymphatic chain incomplete as a result of tumor infection. Conclusion： Dextran-DTPA-Gd is specific to lymphoid tissue development. It can targeting display regional lymphatic drainage concretion and the morphology of normal and cancer cells metastasis lymph nodes rapidly.

Climate change and contrasting plasticity in timing of a two-step migration episode of an Arctic-nesting avian herbivore

Greenland white-fronted geese Anser albifrons flavirostris wintering in Britain and Ireland migrate over the sea for 700-1200 km to stage 3-5 weeks in Iceland in spring, continuing a similar distance over the sea and Greenland Ice Cap to West Greenland breeding grounds. During 1969 to 2012, the geese advanced the mean departure date from Ireland by 15 days, during which time also they attained threshold fat stores earlier as well as departing in fatter condition. Over that period, Iceland spring-staging geese shifted from consuming underground plant storage organs to grazing managed hayfields, which provide fresh grass growth despite sub-zero temperatures, when traditional natural foods are inaccessible in frozen substrates. In 2012 and 2013, geese arrived three weeks earlier to Iceland, in fatter condition and accumulated fat significantly slower than in 1997-1999 and 2007. Although geese accumulated sufficient fat stores earlier in Iceland in 2007, 2012 and 2013, they departed around the same date as in 1997-1999, prolonging spring staging by three weeks. Plasticity in winter departure dates is likely due to improved winter feeding conditions （enabling earlier departure in better condition） and a novel predictable food resource in Iceland. Greenland white-fronted geese attained threshold fat stores in Iceland earlier, but remained rather than departing earlier to Greenland. Despite arriving earlier in Iceland, arrival dates on the breeding areas have not changed since the 1880s, presumably because of relatively constant cool springs and heavy snowfall in West Greenland during recent years [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 233-242, 2014].

Nonrelativistic Lamb shift in a nano-sized conducting ring

A theoretical calculation of the nonrelativistic Lamb shift in nano-sized semiconducting （GaAs） and metallic （AI） circular rings is carried out. On the basis of a flat one-electron potential with infinitely high barriers, the radiative back-action is obtained to second order in perturbation theory. Numerical results are presented for the radiative correction to the transition frequency between the ground state and first excited radial quantum states （initial state： （1,1,0）, final state： （2,1,0）） neglecting the curvature term in the Schr6dinger equation. Lamb shifts are calculated as functions of the inner ring radius, the ring thickness, and the temperature.

Mode selection of Lamb waves for the evaluation of solid plates with liquid loading

This paper studies the mode selection of Lamb waves for evaluating solid plates with liquid loading. For this purpose, the Lamb wave selected should have the features such as zero normal displacement components at the plate surface in contact with liquid, small dispersion, and maximum group velocity. It is found that when the phase velocity of Lamb wave is equal to the longitudinal wave velocity of the plate material, its normal displacement at the plate surface is always zero. Through the numerical analyses, the specific S2 Lamb wave that has zero normal displacement component at the plate surface, small dispersion and maximum group velocity compared with the other Lamb waves has been found. With respect to the specific S2 Lamb wave, some experimental examinations have been carried out. It is found that the liquid loading on the plate surface has less influence on the specific S2 Lamb wave signal but it can effectively eliminate the other signals. Moreover, the specific S2 Lamb wave selected exhibits the capability of detecting multiple defects in the solid plate with the liquid loading. It can be concluded that the specific S2 Lamb wave selected is suitable for the evaluation of solid plates with liquid loading.