再探因明九句因第五句“不共不定因”是否为正因

“九句因”是印度因明学家陈那论师对因明逻辑三支论式的归纳和总结,其中“不共不定因”理论是最具有特色的逻辑内容之一,但此论式有效与否,一直困扰着现代因明学界,并成为古印度因明和藏传因明界颇为争议的话题。本文通过相关古印度和藏文文献的整理、归纳及论式研究,揭示哪些因明大家认为此论式是有效论式,哪些因明大家认定此论式是无效论式,并梳理他们的理论依据和逻辑法则,同时与现代西方逻辑理论横向比较,区别因明理论与西方逻辑之间在形式、规律及推理方面的异同点,批评和纠正部分现代因明学者对“不共不定因”的错误认识,认为因明逻辑中判断一个论式是否有效,主要取决于所教化的敌论者,而非用纯演绎逻辑来判断它的有效性。

Common Fixed Point Theorems for Sequences of φ-type Contraction Set-valued Mappings

In complete metric spaces, the common fixed point theorems for sequences of φ-type contraction set-valued mappings are established, and the corresponding random com- mon fixed point theorems for set-valued mappings are also obtained.

Preconditioned BiCGSTAB algorithm and its applications to eddy current solutions

A new favorable iterative algorithm named as PBiCGSTAB （preconditioned bi-conjugate gradient stabilized） algorithm is presented for solving large sparse complex systems. Based on the orthogonal list, the special technique of only storing non-zero elements is carried out. The incomplete LU factorization without fill-ins is adopted to reduce the condition number of the coefficient matrix. The BiCGSTAB algorithm is extended from the real system to the complex system and it is used to solve the preconditioned complex linear equations. The locked-rotor state of a single-sided linear induction machine is simulated by the software programmed with the finite element method and the PBiCGSTAB algorithm. Then the results are compared with those from the commercial software ANSYS, showing the validation of the proposed software. The iterative steps required for the proposed algorithm are reduced to about one-third, when compared to the BiCG method, therefore the algorithm is fast.

Common Fixed Point Theorems of Single-valued and Set-valued Mappings in Complete,Convex Metric Spaces

Under the conditions of compatility or sub -c ompatility between a sigle-valued mapping and set-valued mapping, this paper d iscusses the existence of common fixed points for two set-valued mappings and a single-valued mapping in complete, convex matric spaces. We extend and develop the main results.

Resonance of electromagnetic and mechanic coupling in hydro-generator

Electromagnetic and mechanical forces are main reasons of oscillations in hydro-generators.The oscillation is fairly complicated as to the coupling of them.Using the method of multiple scales in nonlinear oscillations,instabilities of hydro-generator rotors caused by the unbalanced magnetic pull,which comes from the eccentricity of the rotor,are discussed.Considering nonlinear properties of the unbalanced magnetic pull,the super-harmonic resonance phenomena are observed as the critical rotating speed of rotors is close to twice of the operating speed.This is verified by a model experiment,and should be considered during the design of hydro-generator rotors.

Emotion recognition of Uyghur speech using uncertain linear discriminant analysis

To achieve efficient a d compact low-dimensional features for speech emotion recognition,a novel featurereduction method using uncertain linear discriminant analysis is proposed.Using the same principles as for conventional linear discriminant analysis(LDA),uncertainties of the noisy or distorted input data ae employed in order to estimate maximaiy discriminant directions.The effectiveness of the proposed uncertain LDA(ULDA)is demonstrated in the Uyghur speech emotion recognition task.The emotional features of Uyghur speech,especially,the fundamental fequency and formant,a e analyzed in the collected emotional data.Then,ULDA is employed in dimensionality reduction of emotional features and better performance is achieved compared with other dimensionality reduction techniques.The speech emotion recognition of Uyghur is implemented by feeding the low-dimensional data to support vector machine(SVM)based on the proposed ULDA.The experimental results show that when employing a appropriate uncertainty estimation algorithm,uncertain LDA outperforms the conveetional LDA counterpart on Uyghur speech emotion recognition.

A Common Fixed Point Theorem for Weakly Compatible Mappingsin Fuzzy Semi-Metric Space

In this paper, we establish a common fixed pointtheorem for three pairs of self-mappings in fuzzy semi-metric space which improves and extends similar known results in the literature.

A Common Fixed Point Theorem for Compatible Mappings of Type （K） in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric space

The purpose of our paper is to obtain a common fixed point theorem for two pairs of self-mappings of compatible of type （K） in a complete intuitionistic fuzzy Metric space with example. Our result generalized and improves similar other results in literature.

Numerical Simulation and Control of Two-Phase Flow with Evaporation in a Vertical Tube Submitted to a Conjugate Heat Transfer

A better understanding of two-phase flows with evaporation allows leading to an optimal design of evaporators. For that purpose, numerical simulations are very useful. In this paper, a numerical study has been carried out in order to model and simulate the combination of a two-phase flow with evaporation in a vertical tube. The VOF （volume-of-fluid） multiphase flow method and a phase-change model for the mass transfer have been used. For an accurate modeling, the effect of axial conduction has been also taken into account using a conjugate heat transfer model. Since thermal oscillations are undesirable as they can lead to the failure of the tube, flow instabilities have also been analyzed, using FFT （fast Fourier transforms）, in order to comprehend their behavior and influence. A control study of the flow instabilities in the tube is also presented. For that purpose tube inlet temperature has been varied using a gain control parameter.

Aroma Profile of Myrrh and Its Thermal Variation

The authors examined the thermal change in the aroma profile of myrrh. The fresh odor of raw myrrh and its hexane extract depended on the amount of （E）-13-ocimene. Myrrh was extracted with hexane to avoid inducing changes in the constituents and odor. The main constituent, （E）-L3-ocimene （group A; low boiling point）, and the other constituents （group B; high boiling point） of the hexane extract were separated by bulb-to-bulb distillation. The constituents of groups A and B were analyzed over time by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and the odors were evaluated. Myrrh＇s odor depended on both the amount of thermally unstable （E）-[3-ocimene, which contributed to the fresh odor, and the constituents of group B （thermally stable）, which contributed to the myrrh-like odor. Six compounds （c^-santalene, （Z）-a-bisabolene, c^-bergamotene, （E）-ct-santalal, c^-photosantalol and campherenol） were isolated from group B. No individual group B component had a myrrh-like odor, although the combined odor of group B was myrrh like. The authors demonstrated that the aroma profile of myrrh depends on the thermal instability of （E）-^-ocimene and a combination of six thermally stable terpenes with similar molecular structures.

陈大齐对汉传因明的卓越贡献——《因明大疏蠡测》评介

印度佛家逻辑——因明学在我国的传播分成汉传和藏传两大支流。汉传因明有过两次高潮。第一次发生在唐代,其代表为玄奘及其一大批传人。中国从此成为因明的第二故乡。汉传因明在世界上处于领先地位。第二次高潮发生在“五四”以后三十年。这一时期,按照中国逻辑史的发展特点,可以称为现代时期。现代因明研究的代表人物为吕澂和陈大齐。现代因明研究是汉传因明承前启后的重要历史时期。在这一时期,既继承了唐代《因明大疏》的优秀成果,也克服了它的某些缺陷和错误,在佛学知识论与因明。

因相轮抉择

[题解]《因相轮抉擇》(Gtan-tshigs-kyi hkhor-lo gtan-la dbabpa),印度因明著作。一卷。印度陳那论师著,为著名的陈那八论之一。陈那论师本文主要是介绍因明论式中因法与喻的九种格式,并分析九式的正误,以图例形式说明,最终揭示陈那论师新因明的核心理论"因三相"之来源。此《因相轮抉擇》梵本久佚。

Squeal noise in hydraulic poppet valves

The poppet valve is a fundamental component in fluid power systems. Under particular conditions, annoying ＂squeal＂ noises may be generated in hydraulic poppet valves. In the present study, the frequency spectrum of the squeal noise is obtained by analyzing the sampling data from the accelerometer mounted on the valve body. It is found that the flow velocity, pressure, and structural parameters have crucial effects on the properties of squeal noise, especially frequency. Larger valve chamber volume or lower backpressure leads to lower fundamental frequency of the squeal noise. An explanation for the squeal noise, as a result of Helmholtz resonance, is suggested and proved by experimental results.

A Result on the Quasi-periodic Solutions of Forced Isochronous Oscillators at Resonance

In this paper, the authors are concerned with the forced isochronous oscillators with a repulsive singularity and a bounded nonlinearity x'' + V'(x) + g(x) = e(t, x, x'),where the assumptions on V, g and e are regular, described precisely in the introduction.Using a variant of Moser's twist theorem of invariant curves, the authors show the existence of quasi-periodic solutions and boundedness of all solutions. This extends the result of Liu to the case of the above system where e depends on the velocity.

CRITERION FOR SL(2,Z)-MATRIX TO BE CONJUGATE TO ITS INVERSE

This paper gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a matrix in SL(2, Z) to be conjugateto its inverse. This condition reduces the determination of the conjugation to solving some indeterminate equation of second degree. It yields an algorithm to determine this conjugation in finite steps based on the elementary number theory.

Reachable Set Analysis for Dynamic Neural Networks with Polytopic Uncertainties

In this paper,the reachable set estimation problem is studied for a class of dynamic neural networks subject to polytopic uncertainties.The problem addressed here is to find a set as small as possible to bound the states starting from the origin by inputs with peak values.The maximal Lyapunov functional is proposed to derive a sufficient condition for the existence of a non-ellipsoidal bound to estimate the states of neural networks.It is theoretically shown that this method is superior to the traditional one based on the common Lyapunov function.Finally,two examples illustrate the advantages of our proposed result.