高校开展“学党史固初心”教育的探索

本文阐述中国共产党“初心”的正式形成、走向成熟、继承和发展中前进的历史,论述在高校开展“学党史固初心”教育培养时代新人的对策,提出用历史唯物主义的方法论保证新时代大学生学党史的正确导向、用国情世情触动新时代大学生心灵深处、用社团文化唤起新时代大学生主动参与学党史的热情、用“互联网+传播载体”增强新时代大学生学党史的传播效果等建议,引导新时代大学生坚持学党史的信念,坚定中国共产党的绝对领导,坚定共产主义理想,勇担历史重任。

建设和谐团支部

一、引言团支部是对团员进行再教育,与广大青年学生保持着最直接、最广泛的联系,肩负着团结青年学生、努力为党组织输送新鲜血液、为国家培养建设人才的重任,是加强思想政治工作的有力助手,它的作用是团员与青年们之间相互学习和交流最好的场所。因此,在新时期下,如何根据新时期大学生的特点,充分发挥高校基层团支部的职能。

毛泽东在五四运动前后

五四运动,是毛泽东由一个进步青年转变成为马克思主义者的关键时期。毛泽东积极参加了五四运动。五四运动也对毛泽东的人生走向,产生了重要影响。

农村社会实践是职业技术学校实施素质教育的重要途径

职业技术学校到农村进行社会实践是实施素质教育的重要途径。这是因为素质教育是在社会实践中孕育成长起来的,社会实践是最有力的政治思想素质教育和爱国主义,社会实践是最现实的专业思想教育,社会实践是提高学生各种能力的最有效的途径。在市场经济下,农村产业结构不断调整,规模经营不断发展,集约化程度迅速提高,农业向高产、高效、优质转化,农村经济逐步向种养一条龙。

SME： The Hungarian Experience Situation and Development in Hungary

This paper aims to present the development of the SME sector through the example of a country in East-Central Europe. This country was once a member of the so-called communist block until 1989, but had a market economy in 1989. Hungary joined the EU on May 1, 2004, and displaied numerous interesting features concerning small and medium sized enterprises ever since, complying with a variety of expectations. The research study investigated the East-Central European SME systems, and particularly the Hungarian SME practice. The main methods used in this paper are present European and Hungarian research findings of nternational relevance. Several data and figures from the European Union, the Central European area and of course from Hungary were used for the characterization of the SME systems. The main results of the research study is a set of characteristics of the SMEs＇ East-Central European pathway： （1） SMEs as a pillar of the nation in the world and in Hungary; （2） Hungary as the Paradise of small enterprises （numbers versus reality）; （3） Domestic small enterprises in an international （European） comparison; （4） How the crisis impacted the domestic SME sector; （5） Misconceptions and dead ends in small enterprises today： What should the state subsidise and how？

Constructing a New Polish Architecture： Critical Regionalism and Resistance to Globalization after 1989

This paper explores the critical regionalism which could play a role in the continued development of global era Polish architecture, and the advancements achieved by those few contemporary Polish architects who have sought to combine modern tastes and techniques with culturally meaningful designs. The new culture of Poland is very much reflected in the design of many of its new buildings that have been completed since the political and economic changes in 1989. The architecture of Poland appears to have lurched from an inappropriate socialist modernism that was so horridly imposed during the communist era to an equally inappropriate post modernist hegemony in the new enterprise culture. In accordance with Poland, now is rejection of the centrally imposed system of building and architecture, and with the greater emphasis on individual initiative in the new culture, it seems a pity that the country should automatically adopt western modes of architectural expression. This paper suggests that with its newly founded freedom, Poland should be careful that it does not suffer a loss of identity and that, in its architecture, it should seek a way forward through a critical regionalism.

Communism and the Emergence of the Central European Jazz School

Central European musicians, as a consequence of the efforts of several important figures, have contributed to the development of jazz in the second half of the 20th century. Jazz pianists in Europe were a distinctive part of the world jazz scene and made significant achievements during the communist era. They were able to master the European classical piano school, becoming virtuoso pianists themselves, as well as acquiring self-taught jazz skills. Semi-isolated from the contemporary music trends abroad, Central European artists nonetheless made remarkable musical accomplishments that deserve to be called the Central European Jazz School. Between 1948 and 1989, the communist ideology controlled every country of Central Europe including East Germany. The careers of jazz pianists in these countries would have developed differently if they had lived under democratic conditions. This is evident in the lives of those who emigrated to Western countries and subsequently found a place in the world jazz scene. Using analysis of the Central European jazz musicians＇ compositions and their professional careers, this paper aims to demonstrate the extent to which the Central European Jazz School has contributed to jazz music in Europe and the wider world.

Media Transition in Eastern Europe after 1989 Albania and Poland in Comparison

In this article the author compares the transformation of media systems of two countries belonging to the former Soviet bloc of Eastern Europe： Albania and Poland. The aim is to highlight differences that occurred in this process, in order to show how, albeit a similar past and the belonging to the same political and economic model until 1989. The diversity of media transition explains the existence of different national ways in which post-communism developed during the last 25 years.

Chinese Left-Wing Literature in the Vision of an American Left-wing Writer

As one with great fame of writing China and Chinese people in war time, Anna Louise Strong, has the experience of communicating with Chinese left-wing writers, viewing their dramas works and reading their novels. From her perspective, Chinese left-wing literature was featured by its revolution and popularity; Chinese left-wing writers were busy with creating different genres to get every Chinese＇s involvement in the anti-Japanese war in 1930s and participation in the construction of new China in 1940s. Hence, they were multifarious in their identity because they cared more than literature in a turbulent time. From what she presented, China, as a cultural otherness, was the existent utooia that fulfilled her radical nolitical dream of communism.

Wounding Ideals＂ Israel Epstein＇s Life Saga in Communist China

Despite of all its enigma and revealingness, Israel Epstein＇s （1915-2005） life in communist China remains a vacuum in English-language scholarship on the history of the People＇s Republic of China. This paper intends to fill this vacuum. It seeks to rediscover Epstein＇s communist experience, with particular focus on his fervent activism in and unapologetic defense of the Cultural Revolution. Through analyzing his experience, this paper exposes the essential allurement of Chinese communism encapsulated in the ideals of revolutionary regeneration and revolutionary virtues. Beyond Epstein＇s communist experience, this paper calls for a deeper and broader pondering on the analogy between communism and religion. Such an illuminating analogy should inspire more intellectual efforts than critical expositions of formalistic vainglory or personality cult.

The Pontecorvo Affaire Reappraised： Five Decades of Cold War Spy-Stories （1948-1998）

In August 1950, the nuclear physicist Bruno Pontecorvo suddenly left Rome for Stockholm and disappeared without leaving any trace. Pontecorvo had joined the British atomic bomb project. His abrupt disappearance quickly became an international affaire, causing much concern to the western intelligence services, who were worried about the escape of atomic secrets to the Soviet Union, especially after Fuchs＇ famous case. In the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics （USSR）, Pontecorvo was welcomed with honour, but also isolated from the rest of the world for many decades. He always denied any direct involvement in the Soviet nuclear programme. According to him, he moved to Russia because of his socialist beliefs, working only on particle physics and peaceful applications of atomic energy. Who was really Bruno Pontecorvo？ A pacifist like Robert Oppenheimer or a communist agent like Klaus Fuchs？ Did he have access to any information about the Manhattan Project during the war, thanks to his friendship with Enrico Fermi？ Did he spy on the Anglo-Canadian programme like Igor Gouzenko, before moving to Russia？ Did he join Soviet military projects across more than 30 years in Dubna？ The author will discuss how the perception of Pontecorvo＇s case changed in the public opinion from the 1950s until the 1990s, as a mirror of the tensions between the two blocks. The whole affaire was object of harsh political confrontation in Italy for almost 50 years. Therefore, the author will also focus on the role played by the Italian communists in Pontecorvo＇s defection to the USSR as well as on such a local debate, which reflects the history of the post-war Italian Communist Party （PCI） until the end of the Cold War.

A Postmodern Study of Doris Lessing＇s The Golden Notebook in the Light of Jean-Francois Lyotard＇s Ideas

In the first two-thirds of The Golden Notebook （1962）, the theme of the crack-up or breakdown is elaborated in the novels representation of national and global politics. Soviet-inspired communism, European colonialism and emperialism, Britain society, and national liberation struggles in the Third World are disintegrating, collapsing, crumbling, and fragmenting, under the pressures both internal and external. The last third of the novel relocates the crack-up in the person, [...], of Anna herself. In this paper, the author attempts to show that L The Golden Notebook on the central theme of ＂Breakdown, Fragmentation, and Disintegration＂, essing has written which shows that sometimes when people ＂crack-up＂, it is a way of self-healing. This theme finds an expression in the novel and this paper shows how Anna Wulf, the protagonist, tries to deal with her inner self-divisions, what part is played by each of Anna＇s four notebooks in her struggle to integrate her fragmented inner world and personality, what enables the notebooks to come together in the golden notebook at the end of the novel, and finally, how about her relationships to others, especially to Saul Green, contribute to her ＂crack-up＂ and ＂self-healing＂

Marx＇s Concept of Alienation： With a Brief Assessment

Since the collapse of Euro-Communism in 1989, the ideas of Marx have largely been discarded as little more than historical relics. There is a good reason for the neglect. The governments that Marxism spawns are among the most brutal in history. Equally condemnable for a philosopher who bases his theory on a science of historical development, most of Marx＇s key predictions turn out to be incorrect. What then is left of Marx＇s principles？ This paper argues that Marx is best understood as a critic of the injustice of industrial societies. Marx＇s essential critical concept is alienation. The paper presents the first complete analysis of Marx＇s treatment of alienation and offers a brief assessment of how this concept applies to our time.

Polish Media 22 Years After Socio-Political Breakthrough The Road to Professionalization and Democratization

Over two decades have passed by since Poland took the course of democratic changes. In the early 1990s the press sector was re-established as a consequence of de-monopolization and has been taken over by foreigners. The electronle media sector has been restricted for 15 years and foreign companies could only have one third of the ownership. The complexity of Polish media system reflects the long way from communism and governmental media towards free democratized market with some remnants of the previous era. It is hard to predict when it will be shaped in a brand new way and if it is generally possible.

On The Ironies In What Is To Be Done

What is to be done, as Mavis Gallant＇s only literary work for the stage, has received little critical attention since publication, compared to the increasingly voluminous interest in her 119 short stories that have firmly established her literary reputation. This article focuses on how the Canadian writer masterfully manipulates the literary techniques of light humorous but thought-provoking ironies and satires in her play to expose the fallacies and absurdities of the incongruous Marxist ideologies in real life and practice, and to reveal the political and personal conflicts and dilemmas of Canadians towards the end of the war. It concludes that Gallant is perhaps suggesting that only by eradicating communism, the root of all personal dilemmas for the characters in the play, can they eliminate all the absurdidities and incongruencies from their real lives.

Affects of Marshall Plan on Turkish Economy

Marshall Plan is an important declaration that dominated world economy and politics after the World War II. It is also evidence that policy of the United States of America to make for its internal politics between two world wars was abandoned and it was intended to dominate world politics. Likewise, it can be considered as the smoking gun for power loss of continental Europe, including England, against the Soviet Union. When Turkey had to find its way into Western alliance in this new period divided into two poles and called as ＂Cold War＂, it intended to enter into economic acquis formed by Marshall Plan. Turkey, in the process to prevent the spread of communism against the Soviet Union that started mainly by Truman Doctrine, was of the first priority status by the USA just like Greece. It can be said that Turkish economy made an important progress to move into liberal system from its statist structure through Marshall Plan. Accession process to European Union integration mandated by the USA was started by Republican People＇s Party （CHP） and it was also continued in Democratic Party period with liberal program that took over the power as a result of elections in Turkey. Although Marshall Plan created economic added value in Turkey at the beginning, it could not create a sustainable welfare process as consultants coming from the USA had insisted on unilateral economic policies and Turkey was directed towards military spending due to being seen mainly as a buffer state against the Soviet Union and Middle East. It can be also said that arrangements arising from double standards in the application compared to European countries caused economic instabilities in the long run.

The Impact of External Actors on the Communist Regime in Albania

During the Second World War, the Albanian communist leadership strengthened its political power by establishing close ties with the communist leadership of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia that was also the godfather in the creation of the Albanian Communist Party on November 8, 1941. The article will argue that the relationship of the Albanian Communist Party with other communist parties including the Yugoslav one and the management of the internal member＇s relations was motivated by the quest for power rather than the ideological motives. Hoxha was largely responsible for Albania＇s virtual isolation from the world. Little interest, understanding combined with negligence of the Western comprehension of the grip of Stalinism in Albania left the country to adhere Stalinism until the end of Communism in the 1990s.

Analysis on the Economic Ethics Thoughts in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 are one of Marx＇ s early works with great significance. It marked the thought development of Marx to a new stage. Marx in the Manuscripts through the criticism of the national economics, alienation labor theory to the problem of human essence, existing in the capitalist society of economic development and the moral result inverse problem and the communism theory expounds main contents such as the economic reality of capitalist society in profound ethical criticism, reveals the capitalist society economy inhumane between moral and ethical relations, in all of his criticism is always full of profound urges and powerful strength of moral criticism and deep ethical care, contained in the Manuscripts of economic ethics in today still has the significant theory significance and practical guiding value.

Atyid Shrimps Production and Biomass Turnover in Masanga Mabe Equatorial Rain-Forest Stream of Congo Basin （Kisangani, DR Congo）

Decapod crustaceans are one of the dominant faunal components of most tropical streams. However, several aspects concerning their biology and ecology are poorly known, especially in intertropical Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of the atyid shrimps in Masanga Mabe, an equatorial lowland forest stream of Kisangani region. Samplings were undertaken biweekly from September 2000 to August 2003 with Surber net in four study sites. A total of 14,878 atyid shrimps specimens were sampled, measured for carapace length, weighted and identified. Atyid production was estimated by size frequency method according to sites （1, 2 and 3）. Atyid composition showed the existence of two species： C africana （Caridina africana） Kingsley 1882 and C togoensis （Caridina togoensis） Hilgendorf 1893. Specific production ranged from 1.35 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 （grams dry mass per square meter per year） to 8.4 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 for C. africana and 0.95 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 to 4.55 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 for C togoensis. Mean annual P/B ratios varied from 3.89 year1 to 4.37 year1 for C africana and from 3.83 year^-1 to 3.98 year^-1 for C togoensis.