污染土壤中多环芳烃的共代谢降解过程

The biodegradation of most PAHs with high molecular weight is carried out by means of cometabolism. The development of the theory about cometabolic degradation is reviewed in this paper, and the achievements on the cometabolic degradations of PAHs are also summarized. It is demonstrated that glucose, biphenyl, organic acids and mineral oil could be used as cometabolic substrate to enhance the degradation rate of PAHs, and there are complex interactions in the microbiological degradation process among different PAHs. Some low molecular PAHs could serve as cometabolic substrate, which could also be used to enhance the transformation rate of high molecular weight recalcitrant PAHs. To achieve the cometabolic degradation of the PAHs in the soils, the following problems must be solved: the screening out of efficient degradative strains, the selection of the appropriate cometabolic substrate, the addition of surfactant if necessary and the optimization of operational parameters with the contaminated soils. These problems are the important parts of the project for the cometabolic degradation of PAHs in the soils.

环境保护上的应用

采用单一载体(三乙酸纤维素)和双载体(藻酸钙和三乙酸纤维素)处理有氧系统中的有机合成废水(葡萄糖与酚)。挤压混合物,使之在甲苯中形成纤维井硬化。

非生物性化合物与其它持久性化合物的生物降解:持久性的原因

世界上每年都要销售1000种以上的新化合物。全世界一年总的合成有机物的产量超过3亿吨,谁也不知道这中间有多少种物质是有害的或有多大程度的危害。据估计在一个OECD(经济合作与发展组织)国家中每人每年产生的有害物质平均为12～60公斤。美国环境保护局所开列的优先污染物名单中包括农药,卤代脂肪族物质、芳香烃、硝基芳香烃、氯化芳香烃、多氯联苯类、邻苯二甲酸酯、多环芳香烃以及亚硝胺。