The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during last 3 decades with devastating consequences to public health. Recommended strategies to reduce obesity have focused on healthier diet and phy...The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during last 3 decades with devastating consequences to public health. Recommended strategies to reduce obesity have focused on healthier diet and physical activity （PA）. Clearly, these approaches have not been successful, but whether this is due to failure to restrict energy intake or to maintain high levels of energy expenditure has been the subject of great controversy. Consequently, there has been a great deal of confusion about the role of PA and exercise in obesity and weight management. In this article, the theoretical basis for considering reduced PA and energy expenditure as the cause of obesity is appraised. Further, the role of PA in food intake and weight control is examined. The idea that obesity is caused by consistent deeline in daily energy expenditure is not supported either by objective measures of energy expenditure or physiological theory of weight gain alone. However, since voluntary exercise is the most important discretionary component of total daily energy expenditure, it can affect energy balance. Therefore, PA and exercise hold potential as part of the solution for the ongoing obesity epidemic.展开更多
Monolayer of 3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl isocyanate was prepared on the slide by self-assembled tech-nique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze the elementary composition of the film. Contact ...Monolayer of 3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl isocyanate was prepared on the slide by self-assembled tech-nique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze the elementary composition of the film. Contact angle of distilled water was measured to characterize the surface state. It was shown that 3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl isocyanate had been successfully assembled on the slide. The in-crease of contact angle to 80° demonstrated that the hydrophobicity of the surface of chip was in-creased significantly. Moreover, further self-assembly of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on 3-(trietho- xysilyl) propyl isocyanate was also carried out with the advantages such as simple and convenient preparation. Therefore, the potential of broader applications in the modification of micro-channel in the μ-TAS system, the immobilization of protein or peptide and the surface modification of materials are all expectative.展开更多
This article explores the role of public health systems before, during, and after disasters, particularly within the scope of the United Nations Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. It also examines the ro...This article explores the role of public health systems before, during, and after disasters, particularly within the scope of the United Nations Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. It also examines the role of scientific and technological developments in assisting with improving the resilience of public health professionals and the communities they work in. In addition, it explores how the wide-ranging activities in public health have already contributed to the improved management of disasters and a decrease in associated risks. The article identifies areas of synergy in five key areas of recent policy and practice in public health(the health systems approach, risk assessments, the WHO/UNISDR/HPA Disaster Risk Management fact sheets, chronic disease and disasters, and mental health impacts following disasters) and makes suggestions based on lessons identified from the previous(2005) global disaster risk reduction framework. In particular, we advocate the use of scientific evidence that addresses health and disaster risk simultaneously to increase the effectiveness of policy and practice in disaster risk reduction, health, and public health.展开更多
文摘The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during last 3 decades with devastating consequences to public health. Recommended strategies to reduce obesity have focused on healthier diet and physical activity （PA）. Clearly, these approaches have not been successful, but whether this is due to failure to restrict energy intake or to maintain high levels of energy expenditure has been the subject of great controversy. Consequently, there has been a great deal of confusion about the role of PA and exercise in obesity and weight management. In this article, the theoretical basis for considering reduced PA and energy expenditure as the cause of obesity is appraised. Further, the role of PA in food intake and weight control is examined. The idea that obesity is caused by consistent deeline in daily energy expenditure is not supported either by objective measures of energy expenditure or physiological theory of weight gain alone. However, since voluntary exercise is the most important discretionary component of total daily energy expenditure, it can affect energy balance. Therefore, PA and exercise hold potential as part of the solution for the ongoing obesity epidemic.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20435020, 20275005 and 20705005)
文摘Monolayer of 3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl isocyanate was prepared on the slide by self-assembled tech-nique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze the elementary composition of the film. Contact angle of distilled water was measured to characterize the surface state. It was shown that 3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl isocyanate had been successfully assembled on the slide. The in-crease of contact angle to 80° demonstrated that the hydrophobicity of the surface of chip was in-creased significantly. Moreover, further self-assembly of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on 3-(trietho- xysilyl) propyl isocyanate was also carried out with the advantages such as simple and convenient preparation. Therefore, the potential of broader applications in the modification of micro-channel in the μ-TAS system, the immobilization of protein or peptide and the surface modification of materials are all expectative.
基金support of the Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction’s Major Group on Science and Technology, organized by the International Council of Science and its many partners, and its voluntary commitment for the conference
文摘This article explores the role of public health systems before, during, and after disasters, particularly within the scope of the United Nations Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. It also examines the role of scientific and technological developments in assisting with improving the resilience of public health professionals and the communities they work in. In addition, it explores how the wide-ranging activities in public health have already contributed to the improved management of disasters and a decrease in associated risks. The article identifies areas of synergy in five key areas of recent policy and practice in public health(the health systems approach, risk assessments, the WHO/UNISDR/HPA Disaster Risk Management fact sheets, chronic disease and disasters, and mental health impacts following disasters) and makes suggestions based on lessons identified from the previous(2005) global disaster risk reduction framework. In particular, we advocate the use of scientific evidence that addresses health and disaster risk simultaneously to increase the effectiveness of policy and practice in disaster risk reduction, health, and public health.
