大型站房单层索网点式幕墙的设计与施工技术

以四川成都东客站车站外幕墙工程为例,详细介绍了工程中采用的单层索网点式幕墙设计施工设计技术。通过在施工中的实际应用,该技术效果良好,值得推广。

Consequences on the Urban Environment in Greece Related to the Recent Intense Earthquake Activity

Past earthquake disasters in Greece, during the last thirty years, demonstrate that the severity of destruction is not only due to the intensity of the seismic event but also to the urbanization of the affected region and the vulnerability of certain types of buildings. Considerable damage was sustained by both old unreinforced masonry structures as well as by relatively new multistory reinforced concrete structures with ＂soft story＂ at their ground floor level. The most important observations made during six past earthquake disasters are presented in a summary form and discussed. The most remarkable case of extensive structural damage was caused from the resent Athens 1999 earthquake. The consequent discussion focuses on the following issues： （1） Classification of structural damage and their underlying causes. （2） Repair and strengthening of damaged structures. （3） Upgrade the seismic design. （4） Plans for earthquake preparedness. （5） Assessing the vulnerability of certain type of structures （schools, hospitals, public buildings etc）. （6） Education specialized in earthquake engineering. （7） The enrichment of the strong motion data base.

Design and Implementation of Monitoring System for Buildin~ Energy Consumption

This paper analyzes the shortcomings of ECOTECT simulation software, puts forward the real-time energy consumption monitoring software. According to the structural characteristics of large public buildings, the paper proposes the key technology development and the functions of the software platform, and provides RS485 communication code. The research results in this paper have some practical value on energy consumption of large-scale construction monitoring.

Evaluation of the Maintenance Management Associated with the Performance of a Public Building

The lack of proper maintenance in buildings is responsible for various anomalies, which can cause property and personal damage. The objective of this study is to analyze the maintenance management of the administration building at the Technological Park UFRJ/Brazil, trying to emphasize the relation between maintenance and good performance of the building and to demonstrate the need to develop a consistent maintenance system to achieve an efficient maintenance management. The study allowed to present strategies and possibilities of interventions, in addition to proposing the essential aspects for the development of a structured maintenance system. After reviewing the issue of building maintenance under the various perspectives presented, the importance of planning a preventive building maintenance, according to standards, to achieve the level of performance expected for the building, besides being essential the search for tools and methods that can increase the efficiency of management can be concluded. It is also pertinent to conclude that prevention is the most effective solution against the depreciation factors that affect a building, being the most economical viable, and ensuring other benefits for the building and its users, such as security, property valuation and attendance to the warranty period.

A New Look at Building Facades as Infrastructure

Like the hard surfaces of streets and sidewalks in an urban environment, the vertical and horizontal surface area on the outside of urban buildings contributes to the constant heating of large cities around the world. However, little is done to design this surface to benefit the public sphere. Instead, the facade of a building performs either as a component that focuses only on the quality of comfort for interior occupants, while ignoring effects on the exterior of the building, or as an identifiable aesthetic for the building＇s owners, This essay proposes the rethinking of the building facade as a steward of outdoor pedestrian welfare, and the conception of public health as an added function of the building envelope- a concept that may fall into the jurisdiction of public works. If the huge total surface area of a city＇s buildings is thought of as part of the city＇s infrastructure, then its public contribution may not only make outdoor areas comfortable, clean, and enjoyable, but also help to alleviate the bigger problem of rising temperatures in cities.

Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and Public Buildings： A Case Study of Amman City Hall, Jordan

POE （post-occupancy evaluation） of buildings is one of the most important mechanisms which ensures that ceremonial and public building performance including its facilities is sustained. POE studies concerned with efficiency of building performance after using and implementing with the end-user. It provides feedback on the current status of the building and proposes solutions to existing problems in addition to guidelines and design criteria for the best solutions in the future. Despite precedent research which have been undertaken in the context of building performance, aspects of evaluating building performance have not been specified and used widely in Jordan. At the commencement of this research, the concept of POE is still new in Jordan, and the local building practitioners are still unfamiliar with this approach for the evaluation of a building performance in Amman. Accordingly, there is a need to undertake this kind of research in Jordan to identify the main guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in ceremonial and public buildings. This study therefore applies POE of indoor environment of the public buildings by exploring the guidelines that can constitute a successful and effective framework for the public buildings in Amman. This was achieved using the learnt lessons from Amman City Hall building which was used as a case study and reflecting them on these where needed. Analytical and descriptive approach basis was applied, adopting a mixed method approach （qualitative and quantitative method） by using observation tool and a questionnaire survey with occupants. Context-derived data and statistics analyzed together were used to explore the guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in public buildings. A field visit and observation tool was adopted for gathering information leading to the findings and recommendations. A questionnaire was also used to extrapolate core findings of this research. This research provides a significant contribution of POE result towards improving indoor environment to ceremonial and public buildings in Jordan.

Occurrence of Legionella pneumophila in Hot Potable Water in Latvia

Legionellae are found in freshwater environments or wet soil, but the major reservoirs are man-made aquatic environments, particularly warm water systems. Our aim was to study the occurrence of Legionella contamination in hot potable water supply systems in apartment and public buildings. Correlations between Legionella spp. positive cases and water source, sampling point and temperature of hot water at the point of consumption were studied. A total of 149 hot water samples were collected in 16 cities and districts of Latvia. Only Legionella pneumophila was isolated. L. pneumophila was found in 63 out of 149 （42%） hot water samples. From all Legionella spp. positive samples, 17% represented L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and 78% L. pneumophila serogroups 2-14 （15）. In 5% of Legionella spp. positive samples, both serogroups 1 and 2-14（15） were isolated. Statistically significant differences were observed in the distribution of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 in samples from various water sources. L. pneumophila was found in 45% of samples from private apartments and in 27% of samples from public buildings. Data analysis confirmed that the temperature of hot water significantly affects the frequency of L. pneumophila positive cases （p 〈 0.05）. Data showed that 85% of consumers received hot water at a temperature below 50°C.

Usage of Polyurethane Foam Acoustic Insulation in Cineplex Steel Structure

Modern public buildings, such as multiplex cinemas and theaters, along with application of state of the art sound effects bring high acoustic insulation demands. Cinemas are often a part of building complexes such as shopping malls with subjects that produce serious level of noise and vibrations. Apart to regular use of polyurethane in thermal insulation purposes, it is widely used in field of acoustic insulation. Usage of polyurethane foam pads, with specific dynamic characteristics, as a base for structure supports gives a wide range of possibilities in controlling the amount of structural noise and vibrations transferred to the structure. Structure itself and acoustical pads becomes an integral system that behaves together and need to be analyzed as a whole in extensive design. Dynamic characteristics of acoustic pads depend on stress level and in same time they represent elastic supports to the structure and therefore analyzes and design is an iterative process. In other way, introduce of non-conventional material in bearing structure brings some issues, such as transfer of shear forces, that has to be governed by proper structural detailing. There are several possibilities of application in bearing structures, such as above and below steel structure. This paper gives an overall view on polyurethane as material, construction and design principles and example of usage of acoustic pads in steel structure of＂Ster＂ cineplex in Belgrade.

Sustainable Methods and Techniques in Old and New Public Constructions

This article is about the methods and techniques used in the building ＂retrofit＂ in modernist style designed by the architect Affonso Eduardo Reidy in the fifties, and also about the project of the new Rio de Janeiro MIS （Museum of Image and Sound）, under construction, by The North-American office Diller Scofidio ＋ Renfro, both located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. These constructions present a wide view of the concept of sustainability, not commonly used in public buildings in Brazil. In the building designed by Reidy, which belongs to the State of Rio de Janeiro, the regeneration to host the new headquarters of the State Department of Taxation and Finance respected its original characteristics and used smart and sustainable design techniques, as well as recyclable materials. On the other hand, the project of the new museum at Copacabana Beach was entirely planned on sustainable bases and it includes the application of building techniques concerning that purpose. This article presents a study of these two cases and evaluates the techniques and materials used in one another. Observing the principles of sustainability in construction is a pioneering initiative of the State Government. This article aims at making the scientific community aware of the needs of immediate adoption of sustainability techniques in Civil Engineering, not only in the construction of new buildings, but also in the regeneration of the existing ones, as well as the need of imperious adoption of sustainable techniques when it comes to maintainability.

Leveraging Publicly Available Building Energy Data as a Design Firm in the United States

Publicly available building energy data are exploding--thirteen American cities and 14 states now require them by law. This emergence of data nudges building owners and tenants to reduce energy consumption by comparing their usage to that of similar buildings. However, vast untapped energy reductions and deeper physical understandings can still be extracted from these data. This paper extends the energy saving impact and provides key insight into building performance through publicly-disclosed data by describing three initiatives at a large design finn. An internal high performance design reporting program compares projects from around the world and across offices. A case study of 706 buildings in New York City illustrates the value of tracking large-scale patterns to a design firm. Per capita energy and carbon usage is correlated to life expectancy to better inform neighborhood and city design. As more data freely flow out into the public, engineers must strategically engage it.

Public Building Supervisors＇ Assessment of Site Progress Record Keeping Practices in Abuja, Nigeria

The importance of good site progress records in quality assurance; tracking project progress; preparing, analyzing and resolving claims; and placing responsibilities in the event of dispute in building contracts is widely recognized. This study engaged Public Building Supervisors in the assessment of site progress record keeping practices in Abuja. A simple structured questionnaire （which mainly assessed the nature and importance of records kept, reasons for keeping them; level of satisfaction with the current approach, challenges and practical ways of improving the practice） was administrated to a hundred of the supervisors, out of which seventy one was properly completed and returned. The results show that all five site progress documents （minutes of progress meetings, day-work sheets, photographs, weekly site records and personal site diaries） found in literature, are in use in Abuja, and have at least a high importance rating （i.e., relative importance index, 0.6 〈 RII 〈 0.8）. Prominent among the reasons for keeping the records are： control of ongoing work （R11 = 0.83） data for estimating future works and terms of contract requirement （each with RII = 0.823）. Though the present record keeping practices were largely assessed satisfactory, 95% of the Supervisors still yearned for improvement. The challenges to the current practice are consistent with those identified in literature and are： continuity consistency, legibility and accountability; in descending order of frequency of occurrence. Computerization, regular inspection of progress documents by assigned supervisors and in-house training of site staff are recommended for improving the record keeping practices.

Renovation of the Centennial Hall

The Centennial Hall was designed as a monumental building entirely of reinforced concrete. Soon it became a model for modernist buildings of that era. During the years 2009-2011, the biggest renovation since its completion took place. All activities described in the following paper aimed to put the Centennial Hall into good repair and adjust it to the applicable requirements of modem public buildings. The primary aim is to preserve the authenticity of the original materials used in construction through the use of remedial technologies, thereby maintaining the historical integrity of the building.

Human Resource Controlling and Human Resource Management： Practice of Small and Medium-Sized Building Companies in the Czech Republic

The aim of this paper is to define the nature, present the possibilities, and discuss the problems of using human resource controlling in small and medium-sized building companies. This paper is based on the assumption that expedient human resource controlling is an effective human resource management tool that achieves the required performance of employees and expected competitiveness of a building company. This paper uses the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in November 2013 to analyze human resource management in building companies in the Czech Republic and specify the organization and conditions of human resource management. Some 81 small （less than 50 employees） and 66 medium-sized （50-249 employees） building companies operating in the Czech Republic took part in the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey showed the lack of concept and random nature of human resource management in most small and medium-sized building companies. Of course, in terms of the present economic trend, it is above all important for small and medium-sized companies to develop their adaptability to the building market and to be able to deal with a variety of construction works. It is effective human resource management supported by expedient human resources that serves this purpose.

Human Resource Management in the Building Industry： International Comparison

This paper summarizes the results of the international questionnaire survey which took place at the start of 2013 in order to examine, judge, and compare the implemented concept and procedures of human resource management in the questioned building companies operating in the Visegrad Four countries （the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and the Slovak Republic） and the Federal Republic of Germany, and proposes an optimal approach to human resource management in the context of the current and expected economic development. The questionnaire survey was based on the assumption that effective human resource management is a condition of the successful function of each building company and that human resource management is that area of management which distinguishes the successful building companies from the unsuccessful ones. In total, 202 companies from the Czech Republic, 105 companies from Hungary, 100 companies from Poland, 102 companies from the Slovak Republic, and 99 companies from the Federal Republic of Germany took part in the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that among the building companies questioned in individual countries, there was no substantial difference in the overall concept and in the partial procedures of human resource management. The implemented concept and procedures in the questioned building companies show significant merits and surprising shortcomings, whereas it is difficult to prove an unequivocal connection between the efficiency of human resource management and the success of building companies. This relationship is determined by a series of other political, economic, legal, social, cultural, technical, demographic, and natural effects which are not related to the efficiency of human resource management or to the performance of the workforce of building companies.

Opportunities for Recruiting and Training Construction Workers in the Transportation Sector

The recent slowdown in the residential and commercial building sectors has resulted in significant unemployment. Given the experience of these construction workers, it may be appropriate for transportation and public works agencies to assess the potential to retrain these workers for the transportation sector. This widens the pool of available workers, and brings workers with compatible skill sets to the transportation industry. This paper examines the pool of eligible workers, discusses the potential benefits and challenges of bringing these workers into the transportation sector, and identifies programs that have been undertaken to re-train workers for the transportation sector. A program to re-train construction workers from the residential and commercial sector for the transportation sector is presented, including specific training issues to facilitate the successful transition from residential and commercial construction to transportation construction.

Sustainability Impact on Construction Management in Developing Countries： Iraq as a Case Study

Sustainable development contributes to the economic and social advancement of construction projects. Ignoring sustainability during the cost estimating process associated with evaluation phase develops many problems of conventional decision methodology used in construction industry in the most of developing countries. This research focuses on sustainability which is the key factor in all decision making in design and construction processes. Therefore, Iraqi construction industry should respond to sustainability as a leading indicator of its infrastructure rebuilding. The construction management and sustainability could help to manage the rebuilding of the destroyed public infrastructure during the disaster wars periods passed thru thirty years ago and also to modernize of private buildings and plants. Field study has been carried out by adopting personal interviews and questionnaires conducted with experts, experienced consultants and designers working in many design organizations. The data collected has been analyzed and the results obtained show a clear weakness in the field of sustainability understanding, practicing and implementation. Moreover, the design work in Iraq is suffering from a lack of scientific techniques and a lack in experience in the domain of sustainability field. This will take an integrated approach to study the impact of sustainability on construction management which encompasses both public and private sector perspectives for building and engineering construction, and the roles played by all the participants in the construction team （owners, contractors, design professionals, and other supporting professionals）.

Urban-Design Process with Snow and Wind Simulations： A Study on the Kitami City Hall

Regional climatic conditions should be considered while designing urban development plans, with special attention to the impact of snowfall on public spaces in cities with harsh winters. The Kitami-city-hall-renewal project in Hokkaido, Japan was studied as an environmental assessment of snow drifting. Assessments of the two site plans proposed during the architectural planning process （A-type and B-type） were conducted in terms of the following three items： （1） The two site plans indicate snow-drifting problems around the main entrance; （2） More number of local snowdrifts on the main-street sidewalks were suggested in the B-type design; （3） Less number of snowdrifts in the parking area beside the railroad were indicated in the A-type design. These results were reflected in the architectural planning process. On the basis of this study, a desirable design process incorporating environmental assessments has been identified for cities with harsh winters.

Disaster Loss Evaluation and Characteristics of the Seismic Hazard of the Nilka-Gongliu Earthquake with M_S6. 0

The epicenter intensity of Nilka-Gongliu earthquake with MS6. 0 was Ⅶ degrees; no fatalities but many residential buildings and public facilities were moderately damaged during the earthquake. Traffic and water conservation facilities were damaged to a certain extent but after emergency repair,production and life in the disaster area were not influenced. According to a sample survey of the earthquake filed,this earthquake caused direct economic loss of approximately 678. 46 million yuan( RMB),and the reconstruction funds required will be about 1. 20349 billion yuan( RMB).

Space for Hygiene in Housing Architecture

In this paper, the author focuses on spaces used for personal hygiene--the bathroom. The paper begins with a description of the hygienic movement in the late 19th century. At that time, urinating took place in semi-public spaces outside the dwelling. Today, the WC has moved well into the dwelling, and in many dwellings, the bathroom has developed as the most private space. Thus, the bathroom can be regarded as the last domain of privacy in today＇s housing, and in a number of new dwellings this quality is exploited in new ways. The development of ＂space for hygiene＂ in the 20th century will be studied by analyzing the spatial organization of dwellings.

To Promote Green Buildings in China: Lessons from the USA and EU

Buildings have contributed to the energy shortage, pollution and global climate change. To promote green buildings is the way access to the sustainable development. Currently, China has issued some regulations and systems to boost the green building. However, problems lie in China and the systems are not effective. USA and EU have rich experiences and fairly sophisticated legislation and policies to develop green building. China may get some lessens from these countries. This paper will make an overview of legal framework and main system of green building in China, then, analyses some important legal systems and typical case related green building in the USA and EU. Further, problems were pointed out in the China based on the comparative analysis of these countries. Lastly, according to the condition in China and lessons from USA and EU, this paper will put some suggests to promote green building, such as, take some measures to enhance the awareness of the stakeholders, create multi- incentive tools and so on.