目的应用结构磁共振(structural magnetic resonance imaging,sMRI)技术分析儿童自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)大脑皮层的折叠模式及其网络属性,揭示ASD患者和正常人大脑功能结构共变网络的差异。方法本研究获取了32名儿童ASD患者和20名正常人的s...目的应用结构磁共振(structural magnetic resonance imaging,sMRI)技术分析儿童自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)大脑皮层的折叠模式及其网络属性,揭示ASD患者和正常人大脑功能结构共变网络的差异。方法本研究获取了32名儿童ASD患者和20名正常人的sMRI数据,首先对sMRI数据进行预处理并计算大脑皮层复杂度,基于大脑皮层复杂度构建结构共变网络,然后基于图论,计算网络属性指标,最后进行统计分析。结果 ASD患者的全脑功能网络拓扑属性与正常对照组相比发生改变,主要表现在ASD患者的网络的聚类系数,全局效率和局部效率显著增加,同时最短路径长度显著减少。并且,与对照组相比,自闭症组的中心节点分布明显不同。结论 ASD患者的大脑网络中心节点发生改变,而全脑功能综合能力及功能分离能力有所增强。展开更多
目的探讨首次发病未用药精神分裂症患者结构共变网络的改变及其与临床症状的关系。方法共纳入163例首次发病未用药精神分裂症患者(精神分裂症组)和189名健康对照者(对照组),采集头颅结构磁共振成像数据后,采用SPM12工具包对数据进行预...目的探讨首次发病未用药精神分裂症患者结构共变网络的改变及其与临床症状的关系。方法共纳入163例首次发病未用药精神分裂症患者(精神分裂症组)和189名健康对照者(对照组),采集头颅结构磁共振成像数据后,采用SPM12工具包对数据进行预处理及基于感兴趣区的体积提取,基于大脑灰质体积构建结构共变网络,然后使用图论分析方法计算网络拓扑性能指标,通过置换检验比较组间差异,重复次数为10000次。对阳性与阴性症状评定量表(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,PANSS)评分主成分分析结果进行因子旋转和加权处理,根据最终的权重得分把精神分裂症组分为高PANSS分值组和低PANSS分值组,采用与组间比较相同的方法比较2组患者网络拓扑属性的差异。结果在全局网络水平上,与对照组相比,精神分裂症组共变网络的最短路径长度显著增加(P<0.05,FDR校正),局部效率(P<0.01,FDR校正)和全局效率(P<0.01,FDR校正)显著下降。与低PANSS分值组相比,高PANSS分值组共变网络的最短路径长度显著增加(P<0.05,FDR校正),局部效率(P<0.05,FDR校正)和全局效率(P<0.05,FDR校正)显著降低。结论精神分裂症患者结构共变网络发生了异常改变,其临床症状越严重共变网络组织损害越重。展开更多
Based upon the covariant prolongation structures theory, we construct the sl（2, R）×R（p） prolongation structure for Konno-Asai-Kakuhata equation. By taking two and one-dimensional prolongation spaces, we obtai...Based upon the covariant prolongation structures theory, we construct the sl（2, R）×R（p） prolongation structure for Konno-Asai-Kakuhata equation. By taking two and one-dimensional prolongation spaces, we obtain the inverse scattering equations given by Konno et al. and the corresponding Riccati equation. The Baecklund transformations are also presented.展开更多
In order to broaden the bandwidth of a tapered slot- line antenna （TSA）, a bilateral tapered slot-line antenna （BTSA） with a new feeding structure of coplanar waveguide （CPW） is developed. Based on the fact that...In order to broaden the bandwidth of a tapered slot- line antenna （TSA）, a bilateral tapered slot-line antenna （BTSA） with a new feeding structure of coplanar waveguide （CPW） is developed. Based on the fact that the bandwidth limitation of TSA mainly depends on its feeding structure, an improved CPW-based feed structure etched on the backboard of the BTSA is adopted to perform traveling-wave transition. Both the simulation results and measurement data verify that the proposed feeding structure results in ＂high-pass＂ frequency response for antenna impedance matching. The voltage standing wave ratio （VSWR） is less than 2：1 when the frequency is higher than 3 GHz. The antenna gain exceeds 7 dBi with good radiation patterns when the bandwidth is from 4 to 16 GHz. This ultra wideband （UWB） antenna with a compact size is specially available for the electronic systems of counter-measure and microwave imaging.展开更多
Sustainable development indicators, aim to measure sustainable development over longer periods of time. The sustainable development indicators are grouped into 10 subject categories： socioeconomic development, sustai...Sustainable development indicators, aim to measure sustainable development over longer periods of time. The sustainable development indicators are grouped into 10 subject categories： socioeconomic development, sustainable consumption and production, social inclusion, demographic changes, public health, climate change and energy, sustainable transport, natural resources, global partnership and finally good governance. In this paper, the authors examined a number of researches and compared the methods they used in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The methods used a large number of different indicators. The comparison of the indicators could be made through mathematical models and also through theoretical approach.展开更多
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) plays an important role in determining the structure of proteins, viruses, and even the whole cell. It can capture dynamic structural changes of large protein complexes, which other ...Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) plays an important role in determining the structure of proteins, viruses, and even the whole cell. It can capture dynamic structural changes of large protein complexes, which other methods such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis find difficult. The signal-to-noise ratio of cryo-EM images is low and the contrast is very weak, and therefore, the images are very noisy and require filtering. In this paper, a filtering method based on non-local means and Zernike moments is proposed. The method takes into account the rotational symmetry of some biological molecules to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of cryo-EM images. The method may be useful in cryo-EM image processing such as the automatic selection of particles, orientation determination, and the building of initial models.展开更多
Thin films of block copolymers （BCPs） are widely accepted as potentially important materials in a host of technological applications including nano- lithography. In order to induce domain separation and form well-de...Thin films of block copolymers （BCPs） are widely accepted as potentially important materials in a host of technological applications including nano- lithography. In order to induce domain separation and form well-defined structural arrangements, many of these are solvent-annealed （i.e. solvent swollen） at moderate temperatures. The use of solvents can be challenging in industry from an environmental point of view as well as having practical/cost issues. However, a simple and environmentally friendly alternative to solvo-thermal annealing for the periodically ordered nanoscale phase separated structures is described herein. Various asymmetric polystyrene-b-poly（ethylene oxide） （PS-b-PEO） thin films were annealed in a compressible fluid, supercritical carbon dioxide （scCO2）, to control nanodomain orientation and surface morphologies. For the first time, periodic well defined, hexagonally ordered films with sub-25 nm pitch size were demonstrated using a supercritical fluid （SCF） process at low temperatures and pressures. Predominant swelling of PEO domains in scCO2 induces nanophase separation, scCO2 serves as green alternative to the conventional organic solvents for the phase segregation of BCPs with complete elimination of any residual solvent in the patterned film. The depressurization rate of scCO2 following annealing was found to affect the morphology of the films. The supercritical annealing conditions could be used to define nanoporous analogues of the microphase separated films without additional processing, providing a one-step route to membrane like structures without affecting the ordered surface phase segregated structure. An understanding of the BCP self- assembly mechanism can be realized in terms of the deviation in glass transition temperature, melting point, viscosity, interaction parameter and volume fraction of the constituent blocks in the scCO2 environment.展开更多
When a population structure is modelled as a square lattice,the cooperation may be improved for an evolutionary prisoner dilemma game or be inhibited for an evolutionary snowdrift game.In this work,we investigate coop...When a population structure is modelled as a square lattice,the cooperation may be improved for an evolutionary prisoner dilemma game or be inhibited for an evolutionary snowdrift game.In this work,we investigate cooperation in a population on a square lattice where the interaction among players contains both prisoner dilemma game and snowdrift game.The heterogeneity in interaction is introduced to the population in two different ways:the heterogenous character of interaction assigned to every player(HCP) or the heterogenous character of interaction assigned to every link between any two players(HCL).The resonant enhancement of cooperation in the case of HCP is observed while the resonant inhibition of cooperation in the case of HCL is prominent.The explanations on the enhancement or inhibition of cooperation are presented for these two cases.展开更多
文摘目的探讨首次发病未用药精神分裂症患者结构共变网络的改变及其与临床症状的关系。方法共纳入163例首次发病未用药精神分裂症患者(精神分裂症组)和189名健康对照者(对照组),采集头颅结构磁共振成像数据后,采用SPM12工具包对数据进行预处理及基于感兴趣区的体积提取,基于大脑灰质体积构建结构共变网络,然后使用图论分析方法计算网络拓扑性能指标,通过置换检验比较组间差异,重复次数为10000次。对阳性与阴性症状评定量表(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,PANSS)评分主成分分析结果进行因子旋转和加权处理,根据最终的权重得分把精神分裂症组分为高PANSS分值组和低PANSS分值组,采用与组间比较相同的方法比较2组患者网络拓扑属性的差异。结果在全局网络水平上,与对照组相比,精神分裂症组共变网络的最短路径长度显著增加(P<0.05,FDR校正),局部效率(P<0.01,FDR校正)和全局效率(P<0.01,FDR校正)显著下降。与低PANSS分值组相比,高PANSS分值组共变网络的最短路径长度显著增加(P<0.05,FDR校正),局部效率(P<0.05,FDR校正)和全局效率(P<0.05,FDR校正)显著降低。结论精神分裂症患者结构共变网络发生了异常改变,其临床症状越严重共变网络组织损害越重。
文摘Based upon the covariant prolongation structures theory, we construct the sl（2, R）×R（p） prolongation structure for Konno-Asai-Kakuhata equation. By taking two and one-dimensional prolongation spaces, we obtain the inverse scattering equations given by Konno et al. and the corresponding Riccati equation. The Baecklund transformations are also presented.
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2007AA01Z264)
文摘In order to broaden the bandwidth of a tapered slot- line antenna （TSA）, a bilateral tapered slot-line antenna （BTSA） with a new feeding structure of coplanar waveguide （CPW） is developed. Based on the fact that the bandwidth limitation of TSA mainly depends on its feeding structure, an improved CPW-based feed structure etched on the backboard of the BTSA is adopted to perform traveling-wave transition. Both the simulation results and measurement data verify that the proposed feeding structure results in ＂high-pass＂ frequency response for antenna impedance matching. The voltage standing wave ratio （VSWR） is less than 2：1 when the frequency is higher than 3 GHz. The antenna gain exceeds 7 dBi with good radiation patterns when the bandwidth is from 4 to 16 GHz. This ultra wideband （UWB） antenna with a compact size is specially available for the electronic systems of counter-measure and microwave imaging.
文摘Sustainable development indicators, aim to measure sustainable development over longer periods of time. The sustainable development indicators are grouped into 10 subject categories： socioeconomic development, sustainable consumption and production, social inclusion, demographic changes, public health, climate change and energy, sustainable transport, natural resources, global partnership and finally good governance. In this paper, the authors examined a number of researches and compared the methods they used in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The methods used a large number of different indicators. The comparison of the indicators could be made through mathematical models and also through theoretical approach.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB912400)
文摘Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) plays an important role in determining the structure of proteins, viruses, and even the whole cell. It can capture dynamic structural changes of large protein complexes, which other methods such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis find difficult. The signal-to-noise ratio of cryo-EM images is low and the contrast is very weak, and therefore, the images are very noisy and require filtering. In this paper, a filtering method based on non-local means and Zernike moments is proposed. The method takes into account the rotational symmetry of some biological molecules to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of cryo-EM images. The method may be useful in cryo-EM image processing such as the automatic selection of particles, orientation determination, and the building of initial models.
文摘Thin films of block copolymers （BCPs） are widely accepted as potentially important materials in a host of technological applications including nano- lithography. In order to induce domain separation and form well-defined structural arrangements, many of these are solvent-annealed （i.e. solvent swollen） at moderate temperatures. The use of solvents can be challenging in industry from an environmental point of view as well as having practical/cost issues. However, a simple and environmentally friendly alternative to solvo-thermal annealing for the periodically ordered nanoscale phase separated structures is described herein. Various asymmetric polystyrene-b-poly（ethylene oxide） （PS-b-PEO） thin films were annealed in a compressible fluid, supercritical carbon dioxide （scCO2）, to control nanodomain orientation and surface morphologies. For the first time, periodic well defined, hexagonally ordered films with sub-25 nm pitch size were demonstrated using a supercritical fluid （SCF） process at low temperatures and pressures. Predominant swelling of PEO domains in scCO2 induces nanophase separation, scCO2 serves as green alternative to the conventional organic solvents for the phase segregation of BCPs with complete elimination of any residual solvent in the patterned film. The depressurization rate of scCO2 following annealing was found to affect the morphology of the films. The supercritical annealing conditions could be used to define nanoporous analogues of the microphase separated films without additional processing, providing a one-step route to membrane like structures without affecting the ordered surface phase segregated structure. An understanding of the BCP self- assembly mechanism can be realized in terms of the deviation in glass transition temperature, melting point, viscosity, interaction parameter and volume fraction of the constituent blocks in the scCO2 environment.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11147112
文摘When a population structure is modelled as a square lattice,the cooperation may be improved for an evolutionary prisoner dilemma game or be inhibited for an evolutionary snowdrift game.In this work,we investigate cooperation in a population on a square lattice where the interaction among players contains both prisoner dilemma game and snowdrift game.The heterogeneity in interaction is introduced to the population in two different ways:the heterogenous character of interaction assigned to every player(HCP) or the heterogenous character of interaction assigned to every link between any two players(HCL).The resonant enhancement of cooperation in the case of HCP is observed while the resonant inhibition of cooperation in the case of HCL is prominent.The explanations on the enhancement or inhibition of cooperation are presented for these two cases.
