论科学知识的公共性维度

正是那些可以社会化的重复性经验事实才能被称为科学事实或客观事实。它不仅是可传达的,而且是可以用公共的方法所验证的,它构成了科学知识的直接基础。社会化的可重复性,即公共性,这一看似简单却具有深刻的认识论意义的科学基础却长期被哲学家们所误解或遗忘。在我们看来,维特根斯坦的"生活形式"、库恩的"范式"、建构主义的"本征态"等有关观点蕴含有对科学知识的公共性维度的一定程度的肯定的思想或意识。尤其是建构主义的"本征态",是关于"科学知识的客观有效性问题"的极有意义的探索成果。公共性是科学知识之不可或缺的维度,在引入公共性的基础上对科学认识论进行重构,对于推动科学认识论研究的深入发展有着积极的意义。

区域技术“关键-共性”特征对产业创新绩效的影响研究——以燃料电池汽车领域为例

从关键性与共性度两个方面,探究区域技术特征对产业创新绩效的影响机制,为政府部门定向引导产业创新、调整技术发展策略以及实现资源最优配置提供科学依据。以中国燃料电池汽车产业为例,以国际专利分类号(IPC)前四位代码表征技术单元,构建面向产业链上、中、下游的区域技术单元多层共现网络,提出技术关键性与技术共性度测度指标衡量区域技术“关键-共性”特征,从时间与空间两个维度比较区域内产业技术发展现状;在此基础上利用2010—2021年中国省际面板数据,探究区域技术“关键-共性”特征对产业创新绩效的影响机制。

论大学管理决策中的公共性维度——以大学生住宿方式问题为例

在诸如大学生住宿安排方式等管理决策上,大学管理者应结合管理对象的属性认定、管理目标的价值认同、管理抉择的依据选判、管理决策的现实考量等方面进行综合判断。针对大学组织结合的特性,大学管理者应突出公共决策过程中对公共性维度的把握。

论大学管理决策中的公共性维度——以大学生住宿方式问题为例

摘要：在诸如大学生住宿安排方式等管理决策上，大学管理者应结合管理对象的属性认定、管理目标的价值认同、管理抉择的依据选判、管理决策的现实考量等方面进行综合判断；针对大学组织结合的特性，大学管理者应突出公共决策过程中对公共性维度的把握。

环境风险知觉和评价的整体框架

环境风险通常发生在一定时间之后,以某种可能性发生在某个特定的地方,使得某些人群受到影响。因此,环境风险是典型的多维度事件,它涵盖四个基本的偏好维度:时间、空间、概率与社会性,每个维度都可能导致环境风险知觉和评价出现折扣(discount)现象。但是,传统视角往往关注单一维度,主要是时间,因而割裂了维度的整体性。基于环境风险的多维度特征,提出了一个统一的多维度偏好框架,为环境风险知觉及评价提供整体性视角。这四个偏好维度统一的内在原因是心理距离。维度共性意味着时间维度上的折现机制能够应用到其它维度,为此,对环境风险跨期评价中关于折现率热点问题的研究进展进行了一个关键的梳理。未来有必要在此整体框架下,重点关注三个方面的问题:(1)环境折现率,对环境折现率的要素及其关系进行规范性分析,进而分析环境贴现率与经济贴现率之间的关系,及双率折现对可持续发展的涵义;(2)基于维度共性,将时间维度上的研究结论应用到其它维度;(3)研究多重维度复合情形下的偏好和评价问题,建立综合性描述模型,依托具体案例探讨有效的环境风险沟通策略、环境政策和制度设计。

论教师实践性知识的公共性维度

教师实践性知识具有公共性,并非纯粹意义上的个人性知识。对当代主流建构主义知识观的推崇及误读,使得教师实践性知识的公共性维度遭遇贬抑,从而在理论与实践层面都出现了诸多困境。基于此,亟需从知识观层面对教师实践性知识的公共性维度进行重新审视,以恢复其应有之义。教师实践性知识公共性维度的实现与建构,有益于丰富教师实践性知识的内涵意蕴,提升其科学品性以及拓展其生成发展路径。

Application-adaptive resource scheduling in a computational grid

Selecting appropriate resources for running a job efficiently is one of the common objectives in a computational grid. Resource scheduling should consider the specific characteristics of the application, and decide the metrics to be used accordingly. This paper presents a distributed resource scheduling framework mainly consisting of a job scheduler and a local scheduler. In order to meet the requirements of different applications, we adopt HGSA, a Heuristic-based Greedy Scheduling Algorithm, to schedule jobs in the grid, where the heuristic knowledge is the metric weights of the computing resources and the metric workload impact factors. The metric weight is used to control the effect of the metric on the application. For different applications, only metric weights and the metric workload impact factors need to be changed, while the scheduling algorithm remains the same. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the adaptability of the HGSA.

从基础创效单元中“挣”绩效

将总绩效分解,在整体绩效与各个团队所得绩效之间架起标准化"桥梁"。关于绩效管理,国际国内都进行了很多探索。360度考评、平衡计分卡、KPI、价值积分管理在国内都有所应用,但基层绩效"最后一公里"却普遍落地难。究其原因,一是客观上,不同工作岗位特点不同,难以用统一的标准共性来评价。

Global Convergence of a New Restarting Conjugate Gradient Method for Nonlinear Optimizations

Conjugate gradient optimization algorithms depend on the search directions with different choices for the parameters in the search directions. In this note, by combining the nice numerical performance of PR and HS methods with the global convergence property of the class of conjugate gradient methods presented by HU and STOREY(1991), a class of new restarting conjugate gradient methods is presented. Global convergences of the new method with two kinds of common line searches, are proved. Firstly, it is shown that, using reverse modulus of continuity function and forcing function, the new method for solving unconstrained optimization can work for a continously dif ferentiable function with Curry-Altman's step size rule and a bounded level set. Secondly, by using comparing technique, some general convergence properties of the new method with other kind of step size rule are established. Numerical experiments show that the new method is efficient by comparing with FR conjugate gradient method.

In-vivo characterization of DALM in ulcerative colitis with high-resolution probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy

Recently,the use of confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE) in the diagnosis of chronic ulcerative colitis(CUC) was reported.In this brief report we aimed to assess the application of probe-based CLE to characterize colonic mucosa and dysplasia in CUC.The study involved a patient presenting long-standing CUC.Confocal imaging of both the inflamed mucosa,a circumscribed lesion(dysplasiaassociated lesional mass),and adjacent colonic mucosa are demonstrated and the correlation between the CLE and histological images.Inflamed mucosa and dysplasia showed specific alteration of crypt architecture,cellular infiltration,and vessel architecture with an excellent correlation between CLE and standard histological examination.

Modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for source localization using AOAs in the presence of sensor location errors

In this paper,by utilizing the angle of arrivals(AOAs) and imprecise positions of the sensors,a novel modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to solve the source localization problem is proposed.Conventional source localization algorithms,like Gauss-Newton algorithm and Conjugate gradient algorithm are subjected to the problems of local minima and good initial guess.This paper presents a new optimization technique to find the descent directions to avoid divergence,and a trust region method is introduced to accelerate the convergence rate.Compared with conventional methods,the new algorithm offers increased stability and is more robust,allowing for stronger non-linearity and wider convergence field to be identified.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the typical methods in both speed and robustness,and is able to avoid local minima.

Agility evaluation in public sector

Agility metrics are difficult to define in general, mainly due to the multidimensionality and vagueness of the concept of agility itself. In this paper, a knowledge-based framework is utilized for the measurement and assessment of public sector＇s agility by A. T. Kearney model. In this research, the authors used Z2 test in SPSS software. So, the authors discovered that the General Office of Standards ＆ Industrial Research of Sistan ＆ Baluchestan Province in Iran is agile. Finally, the authors determine the weakness points of organization by Friedman test.

Public Deliberation in an Age of Visibility： Political Communication Analysis in Mexico

This paper reviews the importance of visibility in public deliberation in the theoretical construction of political communication. Political communication is the area that study social and political interactions of actors through discourses and practices within the public sphere. The social and political actors manage their public appearances in an exercise of visibility, allowing deliberation of public affairs. In recent years, Mexico has been a relevant case of study for understanding the opening of media into the public discussion of governmental affairs. As an example, this paper presents an analysis of public deliberation in the city of Quer6taro, Mexico. This study analyses political participation and openness of media, based on the concepts visibility, public sphere and citizenship. The analysis was built on the idea that the press concentrates most of the issues of public interest and that it reflects actors and arguments given for deliberation. In a qualitative approximation, we analyzed the discourses published in four journals and developed an analytical framework that illustrates the levels of access and visibility of a variety of political and social actors. This exercise demonstrates the importance of the concept of visibility in public deliberation and the media as managers in the current configuration of political communication.

Macroscopic and microscopic trans-scale characteristics of pore structure of mine grouting materials

The pore structure and porosity of three kinds of mine grouting materials were characterized based on a thin-section analysis and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The macroscopic pore interconnectivity was investigated using binary images captured from thin sections and a random walk pore spectral dimension (RWPSD) algorithm. The experimental results show that the microstructure of the grouting materials used consisted of interlayer pores, gel pores, capillary pores, circular air holes, and small fractures, and tailings can fill some gaps in the hydration product structure and dense hydration products. There is a positive correlation between pore interconnectivity and curing time. In addition, there is a relationship between pore interconnectivity and porosity. With increasing porosity and pore interconnectivity, a non-uniform pore structure occurs in mine grouting materials with an accelerator and results in reduced setting time and later strength.

Sensors for control of water transparency in optical and microwave ranges

In the face of deteriorating environmental conditions in the world,water quality control is an urgent task.It can be solved by creating sensors with high accuracy and low cost,which requires the development of fundamentally new radiophysical methods that take advantage of the optical,microwave and millimeter wavelengths that have a significantly greater sensitivity to low concentrations of pollutants and a lower inertia.The article presents prototypes of measuring cells of the microwave and optical ranges as well as the results of an experimental study of water of various degrees of pollution with their help.The results show that the use of the highly sensitive method of capillary-waveguide resonance makes it possible to detect the presence of micro impurities in water with concentrations up to0.1%and to identify water even from sources of various natural origins.In addition,the use of measurements at several frequencies in the optical range will make it possible to solve the problem of creating water control sensors with high sensitivity to pollution and low cost.It can be concluded that the possibility of complex use of multiwave sensors(optical,infrared and microwave ranges)allows to increase the sensitivity and reliability of water quality assessment.

Comprehensive Alcohol-/Ion-Responsive Properties of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide-co-Benzo-18-Crown-6-Acrylamide) Copolymers

In this paper, we report on the comprehensive alcohol-/ion-responsive properties of a smart copolymer poly（N- isopropylacry]amide-co-benzo-18-crown-6-acrylamide） （P（NIPAM-co-BCAm））. The orthogonal design method is adopted for experimental design. The experimental results show that alcohol can trigger the shrinking and Ba2t can induce the swelling of the P（NIPAM-co-BCAm） copolymer. According to the phase transition tempera- ture （LCST） change results of the copolymer, the influence of variables on the LCST changes weakens in the following order： alcohol concentration 〉 alcohol species 〉 metal ion species 〉 BCAm concentration 〉 ion concentration. The larger the alcohol concentration and the larger the molecular size of alcohols, the lower the LCST value; on the contrary, the more the BCAm content in the copolymer or the larger the BCAm/ion complex stability constant （IgK） or the larger the ion concentration is, the higher the LCST value. For a P（NIPAM-co-BCAm ） copolymer with a fixed BCAm content, a binary function of ion concentration and IgK of BCAm/ion is developed to precisely predict the LCST values of the copolymer in different metal ion solutions. The results provide valuable information for fabricating artificial biomimetic G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium （GIRK） channels that are activated by alcohol and inhibited by Ba2＋.

Non-isothermal curing kinetics and thermal properties of benzoxazine-phenolic copolymers

Using novolac phenolic resin, aniline and formaldehyde as raw materials, benzoxazine-phenolic copolymers with different percentages of benzoxazine rings were prepared. FT-IR was adopted to characterize the molecular structure of the novolac-type phenolic resin and the benzoxazine-phenolic copolymer BP31. In order to understand the curing process of the copolymers, the curing behavior and curing kinetic characteristics were studied by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, and the catalytical effect of phenolic hydroxyl on the curing behavior of copolymers was investigated. To investigate the thermal properties of this resin, the thermal degradation behaviors of the cured samples were studied by thermal gravimetric （TG） method, and glass-transition temperatures （Tg） of the cured copolymers were also evaluated by DSC. The dynamic Ozawa method was adopted to determine the kinetic parameters of the curing process as well. The activation energy is 78.8 kJ/mol and the reaction rate constant is in the range from 40.0 to 5.2 （K/min）＂ according to reaction temperatures. The Ozawa exponent decreases from 2.4 to 0.7 with the increase of reaction temperature, and curing mechanism is expounded briefly according to the results. TG result shows that the highest char yield of copolymers is 50.3%. The highest Tg of copolymers is 489 K, which is much higher than that of pure benzoxazine resin.

Improving the Equity and Sustainability of the Social Protection System

The segmentation of the social protection system in China renders the system not only inequitable but inefficient.Those employed in the public sector,particularly civil servants,are＂overprotected＂,while workers in the non-public sector,especially farmers and rural migrant workers,are＂under-protected＂.The segmented pension system impedes labor mobility while increasing administrative costs.Policies aimed at developing the new rural cooperative medical system and new rural old-age insurance scheme,as well as policies aimed at encouraging migrant workers to participate in urban social insurance programs,help improve the equity of social protection.Howere,competition between different local governments to win the ＂welfae crown＂ and the heavy brden placed on local finance caused by welface overspending has been hurting the sustainability of social protection programs.The following measures are suggested to address these problems;First,cease using social insurance coverage as an indicator of work performance for government officials;second,enhance the responsibility of the central government in social expenditure while increasing public transfers to less-developed regions in order to improve social assistance and merit goods provision;third,integrate or reorganized various sgements into one entity under each insurance program,with the purpose of eventually eliminating the segmentation problem in China＇s social protection system.

Identification and Diagnostics of Plant-Symbiotic and Phytopathogenic Bacteria

Rapid and reliable diagnostics and identification of pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria are at the top of the agenda. In the first case, they are important to control and prevent crop damages, and thus reduce economic losses. In the second, it＇s necessary to design and monitor quality of biofertilizer to raise its effectiveness and crop capacity. Development of accurately, rapidly, technically and commercially accessible methods remains a critical problem for the bacteria with comprehensive phylogenetic structure. In this work, we investigated pathogenic Xanthomonas and Ralstonia and symbiotic Sinorhizobium. The aim of this investigation was to examine the applicability of the novel methods for phylogenetic study, identification and diagnostics of closely related species of these genera. The conventional phenotypic and genotypic （16S rRNA, gyrB） methods were applied as referents. Novel polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-based approaches, single-adapter amplified fragment length polymorphism （saAFLP） and comparative analyses of hin-region and Xcc0006-0007 sequences, were first employed for the investigations. Phenotypic tests, 16S rRNA and gyrB analysis distinguished bacteria at the genus level, but failed to identify them to the species robustly. The new methods identified bacteria at the inter-species level more precisely. This identification agreed with the accepted genera＇s classifications. The only exceptions were X. fuscans ＆ X. cirri and X. perforance ＆ X. euvesicatoria which clustered together. The further outcome of this study was achieved hin-region-based genus-specific PCR primers for the express-diagnostics of the genera. Summary, these new methods can be applied for genome-based phylogeny investigations and as convenient and accurate tools for identification and routine laboratory diagnostics of these comprehensive genera.

合唱共性因素的研究

合唱体现的是共性而非个性,从合唱共性的思考角度出发,结合顺德合唱团的实际情况,就影响合唱共性的主要因素进行分析,采取抽样调查的方法对合唱团成员进行问卷调查,得出影响合唱共性的主要因素,用数学模型的方法,借助计算机来评估合唱共性各因素之间的关系,即利用一种量化的标准来模拟预测合唱的共性度,研究结果应用到我们顺德合唱团的实际工作中,并取得了良好的效果。