In the science fiction novel titled The Planet of the Apes （1963）, Pierre Boulle tells a story about a completely reversed world where the apes dominate the humans. Coming from the normal world that is ours, a small...In the science fiction novel titled The Planet of the Apes （1963）, Pierre Boulle tells a story about a completely reversed world where the apes dominate the humans. Coming from the normal world that is ours, a small group of people is totally embarrassed and confused by observing this strange world. On the planet of the apes that they have discovered, it is the apes that are more intelligent than the humans. On the earth, it was the other way around. That observation results in their perplexity. The two communities, human and simian, bear with one another the relationship that corresponds to what Lotman calls ＂enantiomorphic pairings＂. In this context, a series of questions deserves to be raised： Is a ＂common language＂ possible between the two communities in the enantiomorphic pairings？ If the answer is yes, under what conditions could they succeed in opening up a space where they can have something in common？ In rereading The Planet of the Apes with reference to Lotman＇s semiotics of culture, we would like to formulate a response to those questions. Our claim is that the experience of finitude of one＇s own language can make possible an access to the new form of universality requisite for the cross-cultural communication： commonality without common points.展开更多
This paper brings up the issue of a systemic study of the translation of Russian classics into Estonian during the Soviet period. These translations are often considered to be only the result of the ＂Sovietization＂ ...This paper brings up the issue of a systemic study of the translation of Russian classics into Estonian during the Soviet period. These translations are often considered to be only the result of the ＂Sovietization＂ of Estonian culture, but such approach is a simplification. Estonian translations of the Russian classics in the Soviet period, undoubtedly, depended on ideological conditions, but, it is argued here, were to a great extent determined by the mechanisms of cultural self-regulation and displayed continuity with translation strategies that had been established before the occupation, in the 1920s-1930s. In the independent Estonian Republic, a remarkable tradition of the translations of Russian classics existed thanks to the activity of A. H. Tammsaare, F. Tuglas, A. Oras, H. Talvik, B. Alver et al. Estonian translators devoted the particular attention to the text＇s audience--the Estonian readers. The paper explains why in the mid 19S0s Leskov, an ambivalent and diffficult-to-translate writer, was chosen by O. Samma and F. Kylli for the first presentation to the Estonian readers.展开更多
Cities＇ urban morphology is the result of historic, cultural, political and social processes. The historical cores in Mexican cities have high cultural diversity, which also intermingle pre-Hispanic cultures with col...Cities＇ urban morphology is the result of historic, cultural, political and social processes. The historical cores in Mexican cities have high cultural diversity, which also intermingle pre-Hispanic cultures with colonial forms, as well with modernity and post-modernity irruption. The case study is Santa Barbara＇s neighborhood in Toluca City, which was founded in 1524, and the case study was the first neighborhood in Toluca＇s historical core. At present time, this neighborhood is considered as one of the most dangerous places in the city＇s historical core, therefore, it has been abandoned. This paper will display the changes in urban morphology of the neighborhood through the years from 1877 to 2010. For site evaluation, the methodologies of Ashihara （1982） and Lynch＇s （1961） were used in order to analyze positive and negative spaces, as well as main street visual features, street and avenue directions, street circulation and street circulation path configuration. The results show that the focal nodes are a key factor for economic and social reactivation, with which, through urban activation of vacant lots and the traditional use of the streets as public space, is possible to generate centripetal development to restructure the neighborhood.展开更多
文摘In the science fiction novel titled The Planet of the Apes （1963）, Pierre Boulle tells a story about a completely reversed world where the apes dominate the humans. Coming from the normal world that is ours, a small group of people is totally embarrassed and confused by observing this strange world. On the planet of the apes that they have discovered, it is the apes that are more intelligent than the humans. On the earth, it was the other way around. That observation results in their perplexity. The two communities, human and simian, bear with one another the relationship that corresponds to what Lotman calls ＂enantiomorphic pairings＂. In this context, a series of questions deserves to be raised： Is a ＂common language＂ possible between the two communities in the enantiomorphic pairings？ If the answer is yes, under what conditions could they succeed in opening up a space where they can have something in common？ In rereading The Planet of the Apes with reference to Lotman＇s semiotics of culture, we would like to formulate a response to those questions. Our claim is that the experience of finitude of one＇s own language can make possible an access to the new form of universality requisite for the cross-cultural communication： commonality without common points.
文摘This paper brings up the issue of a systemic study of the translation of Russian classics into Estonian during the Soviet period. These translations are often considered to be only the result of the ＂Sovietization＂ of Estonian culture, but such approach is a simplification. Estonian translations of the Russian classics in the Soviet period, undoubtedly, depended on ideological conditions, but, it is argued here, were to a great extent determined by the mechanisms of cultural self-regulation and displayed continuity with translation strategies that had been established before the occupation, in the 1920s-1930s. In the independent Estonian Republic, a remarkable tradition of the translations of Russian classics existed thanks to the activity of A. H. Tammsaare, F. Tuglas, A. Oras, H. Talvik, B. Alver et al. Estonian translators devoted the particular attention to the text＇s audience--the Estonian readers. The paper explains why in the mid 19S0s Leskov, an ambivalent and diffficult-to-translate writer, was chosen by O. Samma and F. Kylli for the first presentation to the Estonian readers.
文摘Cities＇ urban morphology is the result of historic, cultural, political and social processes. The historical cores in Mexican cities have high cultural diversity, which also intermingle pre-Hispanic cultures with colonial forms, as well with modernity and post-modernity irruption. The case study is Santa Barbara＇s neighborhood in Toluca City, which was founded in 1524, and the case study was the first neighborhood in Toluca＇s historical core. At present time, this neighborhood is considered as one of the most dangerous places in the city＇s historical core, therefore, it has been abandoned. This paper will display the changes in urban morphology of the neighborhood through the years from 1877 to 2010. For site evaluation, the methodologies of Ashihara （1982） and Lynch＇s （1961） were used in order to analyze positive and negative spaces, as well as main street visual features, street and avenue directions, street circulation and street circulation path configuration. The results show that the focal nodes are a key factor for economic and social reactivation, with which, through urban activation of vacant lots and the traditional use of the streets as public space, is possible to generate centripetal development to restructure the neighborhood.
