铁氮共掺杂活性炭混合基质膜的制备及其水处理性能

传统膜分离过程存在选择性与渗透性的矛盾问题,无法有效去除尺寸小于膜孔的污染物。将铁氮共掺杂活性炭(FeNCs)填充入聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)基质中制得一种具有过硫酸氢盐(PMS)活化能力的混合基质膜(FeNCs@PVDF)。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射、拉曼等表征来测试膜的物理化学特性。以苯酚为目标污染物,考察了FeNCs@PVDF在PMS活化辅助下的水处理性能。结果表明,FeNCs@PVDF耦合PMS活化可以有效去除苯酚,且FeNCs填充度越高越有利于提高催化膜性能。FeNCs填充度为50%的FeNCs@PVDF对苯酚的去除率分别为单独PMS氧化以及单独膜分离的4.8和3.6倍。FeNCs@PVDF催化膜在较宽的pH范围(3~12)内均保持高性能。

氮硫共掺杂活性炭的制备及超级电容器性能研究

以工业废弃酒糟为原料通过活化法制备出具有超高比表面积和较高氮和硫掺杂量的氮硫共掺杂活性炭。研究发现活化剂量对氮硫共掺杂活性炭的比表面积、孔结构、表面组分和电化学性能具有非常重要的影响。氮硫共掺杂活性炭具有超高的比表面积(2225 m^(2)·g^(-1))、高孔容(1.39 cm^(3)·g^(-1))、适宜的微孔率(45.3%)、较小的平均孔径(1.25 nm)以及较高的N(原子百分含量1.7%)和S(原子百分含量4.8%)掺杂量。在三电极体系中,氮硫共掺杂活性炭在6 mol/L KOH中表现出超高的质量比电容和优异的倍率性能。在二电极体系中,氮硫共掺杂活性炭在6 mol/L KOH和EMIMBF 4中都表现出较高的质量比电容和倍率性能。尤其是氮硫共掺杂活性炭在EMIMBF 4中表现出非常高的能量密度(99.1 Wh/kg),在超级电容器中具有实际应用价值。

强酸性介质中用三嵌段共聚物模板合成介孔硅基分子筛 Ⅰ.样品的表征及共溶剂、共表面活性剂对样品颗粒外貌的影响

以聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯三嵌段共聚物(P123)为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,在强酸性介质中合成了一种孔径8.5 am、孔体积1.4 cm3/g的大孔径、二维六方对称结构的介孔硅基分子筛。采用SEM表征手段考察了共溶剂或共表面活性剂对介孔材料颗粒外貌的影响。结果表明,加入共溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)或共表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)有利于介孔分子筛颗粒外貌向界面曲率增大的方向转变。并从介孔分子筛合成机理的角度对实验结果进行了详细的阐述。

活性屏等离子氮碳共渗温度对3Cr13不锈钢组织和性能的影响

采用活性屏等离子氮碳共渗技术对3Cr13不锈钢在不同温度下进行处理,并采用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪对渗层的组织形貌和成分进行分析,利用显微硬度计、球-盘摩擦磨损试验仪、扫描电镜研究了材料的硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,随处理温度升高,试样表层相组成由α'_N相+ε相+γ'相逐渐转变成α相+CrN相+ε相,试样表面显微硬度增加,磨损率降低约一个数量级,耐磨性能提高。

低温活性屏等离子氮碳共渗对3Cr13不锈钢组织和耐蚀性的影响

利用XRD、OM和SEM等试验方法,研究了氮碳共渗温度对3Cr13不锈钢渗层的组织结构及耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明:当氮碳共渗温度为450℃时,渗层主要由α'N相、少量ε相和γ'相组成;处理温度高于480℃时,渗层中开始有Cr N相析出。氮碳共渗处理样品表面的显微硬度较未处理样品明显升高,且随处理温度升高,显微硬度逐渐增大;试样表面耐腐蚀性在处理温度为450℃时显著提高,随处理温度升高耐腐蚀性降低。

硫化对氧化铜表面黄药吸附活性及吸附层稳定性的影响

通过氧化铜矿表面黄药吸附量测定，矿浆溶液中残余黄药组分分析，研究了硫化钠、WSS对孔雀石表面吸附黄药的活性以及吸附量的影响。应用矿物表面捕收剂吸附层的稳定性计算公式．计算了孔雀石表面黄药吸附层的稳定性指数。结果表明，孔雀石经硫化钠、WSS处理后，表面对黄药的吸附活性下降，吸附量降低，而表面黄药吸附层的稳定性大大很高。

Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Fe, La Co-doped Nanometer Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts

A series of photocatalysts of un-doped, single-doped and co-doped nanometer titanium diox- ide （TiO2） have been successfully prepared by template method using Fe（NO3）3.9H2O, La（NO3）3.6H2O, and tetrabutyl titanate as precursors and glucan as template. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement were employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure and surface structure of the samples. The photo-absorbance of the obtained catalysts was measured by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methyl orange in an aqueous solution. The characterizations indicated that the prepared photocatalysts consisted of anatase phase and possessed high surface area of ca. 163-176 m2/g. It was shown that the Fe and La co-doped nano-TiO2 could be activated by visible light and could thus be used as an effective catalyst in photo-oxidation reactions. The synergistic effect of Fe and La co-doping played an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of co-doped nano-TiO2 was also confirmed, the photocatalytic activity of codoped nano-TiO2 remained above 89.6% of the fresh sample after being used four times.

Surface plasmon resonance-induced visible-light photocatalytic performance of silver/silver molybdate composites

Novel silver/silver molybdate（Ag/Ag2MoO4） composites with surface plasmon resonance（SPR）-enhanced photocatalytic performance were successfully fabricated via a facile one-pot hydrothermal route with the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS） in this study.The as prepared silver/silver molybdate（Ag/Ag2MoO4） composites were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy（DRS） in order to investigate their crystal structure,morphology and optical property as well.The photocatalytic activities of the composites were subsequently evaluated by their ability to degrade rhodamine B（RhB） under visible-light irradiation.Varies of controlled experiments were then carefully operated to gain a deep insight into the assembling of Ag/Ag2MoO4composites.It was found that preparation conditions such as pH,reaction time,and the amount of surfactant played important roles in the formation of composites with octahedral microstructures.And the composite obtained at 160 ℃ using 0.5 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation.Capture experiments were also conducted to clarify the function of different active species generated on the surface of Ag/Ag2MoO4during the photocatalytic process,in which both holes and ·OH radicals were found to play crucial role in photocatalytic removal of RhB under visible light irradiation.A possible photocatalytic mechanism of Ag/Ag2MoO4 was finally proposed on the basis of all the results to explain the higher photocatalytic activity of the octahedral Ag/Ag2MoO4 composites.It was inferred that the photoinduced ＂hot＂ electrons can quickly transfer from the Ag NPs to the conduction band of Ag2MoO4 and react with oxygen and H2O to generate a large quality of active radicals such as ·OH and ·O2^- because of the SPR effects.Besides,this SPR effects of Ag nanoparticles deposited on the surface of Ag2MoO4 can not only dramatically amplify its light absorption,especially in the visible region,but also promote the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs and effectively decrease electron-hole recombination.

用再生胶和塑料制造热塑性弹性体及增韧塑料

为了开发新的热塑性弹性体 (TPE)和用橡胶增韧的塑料 ,已进行了实验研究 ,以便评估再生胶应用于共混物中的情况。再生胶从各种商业资源中获得 ,包括具有代表性的 EPDM、SBR和 NR/SBR共混物系列。将一系列 5种不同分子量和来自不同供应商的聚丙烯 (PP)用作塑料相。共混物在Haake Buechler密炼机内制备。应用相容性和活性共混技术去提高废旧橡胶 /塑料共混物与力学和流变性能有关的质量。结果表明 ,需要这些共混技术以便使所形成的共混物获得较好的力学强度 ,显著提高性能的其它参数 ,包括提高共混温度、减小橡胶料子尺寸和增加 PP的分子量。

Effect of Precipitation Method and Ce Doping on the Catalytic Activity of Copper Manganese Oxide Catalysts for CO Oxidation

The influence of Ce doping and the precipitation method on structural properties and the catalytic activity of copper manganese oxides for CO oxidation at ambient temperature have been investigated. The catalysts were characterized by means of the powder X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the temperature programmed reduction, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that after doping little amount of Ce in copper manganese oxide, CeO2 phase was highly dispersed and could prevent sintering and aggregating of the catalyst, the size of the catalytic material was decreased, the reducibility was enhanced, the specific surface area was increased and the formation of the active sites for the oxidation of CO was improved significantly. Therefore, the activity of the rare earth promoted catalyst was enhanced remarkably.

PLA-HAp复合微球的制备与研究

以乳液挥发法,采用Span-Tween混合乳化法、明胶做共表面活性剂制备聚乳酸磷灰石(PLA-HAp)复合微球.明胶的加入不仅可解决微球团聚问题,光滑表面,还能提高HAp的包载率.此外,深层注入法可以提高一定的微球产率;单乳法(O/W)比复乳法(W1/O/W2)所制得的微球平均粒径小,且表面光滑.

Preparation, Characterization, Photocatalytic Activity of S and Ag co-Doped Mesoporous Titania Photocatalysts

In order to improve the photocatalytic performance of mesoporous titania under visible light, a series of photocatalysts of S and Ag co-doped mesoporous titania have been successfully prepared by template method using thiourea, AgNO3 and tetrabutyl titanate as precursors and Pluronic P123 （EO20PO70EO20） as template. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, and UV-visible spectroscopy （UV-Vis） were employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure, surface structure, and optical absorption properties of the samples. The microcrystal of the photocatalysts consisted of anatase phase and was approximately present in the form of spherical particle. The photocatalytic performance was studied by photodegradation methyl orange （MO） in water under UV and visible light irradiation. The calcination temperature and the doping content influenced the photoactivity. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of co-doped mesoporous titania was also confirmed, the photocatalytic activity of mesoporous titania remained above 89% of that of the fresh sample after being used four times. It was shown that the co-doped mesoporous titania could be activated by visible light and could thus be potentially applied for the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants. The synergistic effect of sulfur and silver co-doping played an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity.

SGBG/PHBV与人牙周膜细胞的生物相容性

【目的】研究溶胶-凝胶生物活性玻璃(SGBG)/聚羟基丁酸戊酸共聚酯(PHBV)与人牙周韧带细胞(PDLC)的生物相容性,为牙周组织工程支架的选择提供依据。【方法】采用组织块法培养原代人PDLC,分为浸提液组和对照组接种于96孔板,每组9孔,分别加入浓度为100%、75%、50%、25%、0%的浸提液,48 h后采用MTT比色分析法的浸提液实验对材料进行毒性评级。采用人PDLC与SGBG/PHBV体外三维培养,扫描电镜下观察细胞形态及生长情况。实验组采用SGBG/PHBV复合培养,对照组采用普通培养基培养,培养12、24、48 h后,每组取27个样本定量检测上清液碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量。【结果】浸提液培养结果显示:毒性评级为1级和0级。扫描电镜示人PDLC在三维支架上贴附生长均良好。实验组上清液ALP含量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】SGBG/PHBV对人PDLC无毒性,SGBG/PHBV和人PDLC三维培养,表现出良好的生物相容性,有望应用于进一步的牙周组织工程的研究。

Construction of a Metagenomic DNA Library of Sponge Symbionts and Screening of Antibacterial Metabolites

To study the bioactive metabolites produced by sponge-derived uncultured symbionts, a metagenomic DNA library of the symbionts of sponge Gelliodes gracilis was constructed. The average size of DNA inserts in the library was 20 kb. This library was screened for antibiotic activity using paper disc assaying. Two clones displayed the antibacterial activity against Micrococcus tetragenus. The metabolites of these two clones were analyzed through HPLC. The result showed that their metabolites were quite different from those of the host E. coli DNA and the host containing vector pHZ132. This study may present a new approach to exploring bioactive metabolites of sponge symbionts.

Catalytic methanation of syngas over Ni-based catalysts with different supports

Co-precipitation method was selected for the preparation of Ni/Al_2O_3, Ni/ZrO_2 and Ni/CeO_2 catalysts, and their performances in methanation were investigated in this study. The structure and surface properties of these catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, H_2-TPD, TEM and H_2-TPR. The results showed that the catalytic activity at low temperature followed the order: Ni/Al_2O_3>Ni/ZrO_2>Ni/CeO_2. Ni/Al_2O_3 catalyst presented the best catalytic performance with the highest CH_4 selectivity of 94.5%. The characterization results indicated that the dispersion of the active component Ni was the main factor affecting the catalytic activity and the one with higher dispersion gave better performance.

Catalytic Hydrolysis of Borohydride for Fuel Cells

Borohydrides present interesting options for the electrochemical power generation acting either as hydrogen source or anodic fuel for direct borohydride fuel cells(DBFC).In this work,Mg-Ni composite synthesized by mechanically alloying method,used as the catalyst for the hydrolysis of borohydride,has been investigated.Co-doping treatment has been carried out for the purpose of improving the hydrolysis rate further.The as-prepared and Co-doped Mg-Ni composites with low cost showed high catalytic activity to the hydrolysis of borohydride for hydrogen generation.After Co-doping,the hydrogen generation rate was around 280 ml·g-1·min-1.Borohydride would be a promising hydrogen source for fuel cells.

Acid‐promoted Ir‐La‐S/AC‐catalyzed methanol carbonylation on single atomic active sites

Highly active Ir‐La‐S/AC catalyst was successfully prepared by co‐impregnation of an activated carbon（AC） carrier with a sulfuric acid solution of Ir and La species and compared with a tradition‐ally prepared Ir‐La/AC catalyst. High angle annular dark‐field‐scanning transmission electron mi‐croscopy（HAADF‐STEM） measurement results show that most of the Ir species on Ir‐La‐S/AC exist as single atomic sites, while those on Ir‐La/AC exist as nanoparticles with an average diameter of 1.5 nm. Evaluation of Ir‐La‐S/AC as a catalyst for heterogeneous carbonylation of methanol to acetyl gave a maximum TOF （turn‐over‐frequency） of 2760 h^–1, which was distinctly higher than that achieved by the Ir‐La/AC catalyst（approximately 1000 h^-1）. Temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia（NH3‐TPD） result shows that the addition of sulfuric acid during the preparation pro‐cedure results in significantly more acidic sites on Ir‐La‐S/AC than those on Ir‐La/AC, which plays a key role in the enhancement of CO insertion as the rate‐determining step. Tempera‐ture‐programmed reduction（TPR） and in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that Ir spe‐cies are more reducible, and that more Ir^＋ might be formed by activation of Ir‐La‐S/AC than those on the Ir‐La/AC catalyst, which is thought to be beneficial for reductive elimination of AcI from Ir^3＋ species as an essential step for CH3I regeneration and acetyl formation.

Research on Influence Factors of Surfactivity of Polyester Polyether Block Copolymer

Polyester polyether block copolymer （PPBC） was synthesized by ester-exchange and polycondensation reactions using dimethyl terephthalate （DMT）, ethylene glycol （EG） and polyethylene glycol （PEG） as monomer. The effects of PEG molecular weight, mol ratio of DMT to PEG （nDMT/nPEG）, temperature and time of polycondensation reaction and vacuum degree in the reaction system on the surface tension and critical micelle concentration （CMC） of PPBC aqueous solution were studied. It was found that both the molecular weight and the concentration of PEG can affect PPBC＇s surface activity obviously, and the optimum synthesis condition of PPBC used as surfactant is as follows： PEG molecular weight is 1 500, tool ratio of DMT to PEG is 3, temperature and time of polycondensation reaction is 260℃ × 1 h, vacuum degree of condensation reaction is 0.03-0.05 MPa. It was proved by surface tension measurement of PPBC aqueous solution that the PPBC synthesized in this condition is a good surfactant with excellent surfactivity.