Monthly changes in sedimentation and sediment properties were studied for three different culture treatments： sea cucumber monoculture （Mc）, sea cucumber and scallop polyculture （Ps-c） and scallop monoculture （M...Monthly changes in sedimentation and sediment properties were studied for three different culture treatments： sea cucumber monoculture （Mc）, sea cucumber and scallop polyculture （Ps-c） and scallop monoculture （Ms）. Results indicated that the survival rate of sea cucumber was significantly higher in Ps-c cultures than in Mc cultures. Sea cucumber yield was 69.6% higher in Ps-c culture than in Mc culture. No significant differences in body weight and scallop shell length were found between Ps-c and Ms cultures. The mean sedimentation rate of total particulate matter （TPM） was 72.2 g/（m^2.d） in Ps-c cultures, with a maximum of 119.7 g/（mE.d）, which was markedly higher than that of Mc （mean value）. Sedimentation rates of organic matter （OM）, total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） in Ps-c cultures were also significantly higher than those in Mc cultures. TOC and TN contents of sediment increased rapidly in the first 5 months in Ms cultures and remained at a high level. TOC and TN contents in Mc and Ps-c cultures decreased during sea cucumber feeding seasons and increased during sea cucumber dormancy periods （summer and winter）. The study demonstrates that co-culture of sea cucumber and scallop in earthen ponds is an alternative way to alleviate nutrient loads and improve water quality in coastal aquaculture systems. Moreover, it provides the additional benefit of an increased sea cucumber yield.展开更多
Pleurochrysis carterae is a calcifi ed coccolithophorid species that usually blooms in the coastal area and causes aquaculture losses. The cellular calcifi cation, blooming and many other critical species specifi c ec...Pleurochrysis carterae is a calcifi ed coccolithophorid species that usually blooms in the coastal area and causes aquaculture losses. The cellular calcifi cation, blooming and many other critical species specifi c eco-physiological processes are closely related to various metabolic pathways. The purpose of this study is to apply the unbiased and non-destructive method of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) to detect the unknown holistic metabolite of P. carterae. The results show that NMR spectroscopic method is practical in the analysis of metabolites of phytoplankton. The metabolome of P. carterae was dominated by 26 metabolites involved in a number of dif ferent primary and secondary metabolic pathways. Organic acids and their derivatives, amino acids, sugars, nucleic aides were mainly detected. The abundant metabolites are that closely related to the process of cellular osmotic adjustment, which possibly refl ect the active ability of P. carterae to adapt to the versatile coastal niche. DMSP(dimethylsulphoniopropionate) was the most dominant metabolite in P. carterae, up to 2.065±0.278 mg/g lyophilized cells, followed by glutamate and lactose, the contents were 0.349±0.035 and 0.301±0.073 mg/g lyophilized cells respectively. Other metabolites that had the content ranged between 0.1–0.2 mg/g lyophilized cells were alanine, isethionate and arabinose. Amino acid(valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine), organic acid salts(lactate, succinate), scyllitol and uracil had content ranged from 0.01 to below 0.1 mg/g lyophilized cells. Trigonelline, fumarate and formate were detected in very low content(only thousandths of 1 mg per gram of lyophilized cells or below). Our results of the holistic metabolites of P. carterae are the basic references for the further studies when multiple problems will be addressed to this notorious blooming calcifying species.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2006BAD09A01, 200905020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30871931)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-08-0503)
文摘Monthly changes in sedimentation and sediment properties were studied for three different culture treatments： sea cucumber monoculture （Mc）, sea cucumber and scallop polyculture （Ps-c） and scallop monoculture （Ms）. Results indicated that the survival rate of sea cucumber was significantly higher in Ps-c cultures than in Mc cultures. Sea cucumber yield was 69.6% higher in Ps-c culture than in Mc culture. No significant differences in body weight and scallop shell length were found between Ps-c and Ms cultures. The mean sedimentation rate of total particulate matter （TPM） was 72.2 g/（m^2.d） in Ps-c cultures, with a maximum of 119.7 g/（mE.d）, which was markedly higher than that of Mc （mean value）. Sedimentation rates of organic matter （OM）, total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） in Ps-c cultures were also significantly higher than those in Mc cultures. TOC and TN contents of sediment increased rapidly in the first 5 months in Ms cultures and remained at a high level. TOC and TN contents in Mc and Ps-c cultures decreased during sea cucumber feeding seasons and increased during sea cucumber dormancy periods （summer and winter）. The study demonstrates that co-culture of sea cucumber and scallop in earthen ponds is an alternative way to alleviate nutrient loads and improve water quality in coastal aquaculture systems. Moreover, it provides the additional benefit of an increased sea cucumber yield.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhengjiang Province(No.LY12D06001)the Academic Discipline Project of Ningbo University(No.XKl15D236)+4 种基金the Zhejiang Marine Biotechnology Innovation Team(ZMBIT)(No.2010R50029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31172448)the Project of Ministry of Education,China(No.20133305130001)the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(No.LY15C190004)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University
文摘Pleurochrysis carterae is a calcifi ed coccolithophorid species that usually blooms in the coastal area and causes aquaculture losses. The cellular calcifi cation, blooming and many other critical species specifi c eco-physiological processes are closely related to various metabolic pathways. The purpose of this study is to apply the unbiased and non-destructive method of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) to detect the unknown holistic metabolite of P. carterae. The results show that NMR spectroscopic method is practical in the analysis of metabolites of phytoplankton. The metabolome of P. carterae was dominated by 26 metabolites involved in a number of dif ferent primary and secondary metabolic pathways. Organic acids and their derivatives, amino acids, sugars, nucleic aides were mainly detected. The abundant metabolites are that closely related to the process of cellular osmotic adjustment, which possibly refl ect the active ability of P. carterae to adapt to the versatile coastal niche. DMSP(dimethylsulphoniopropionate) was the most dominant metabolite in P. carterae, up to 2.065±0.278 mg/g lyophilized cells, followed by glutamate and lactose, the contents were 0.349±0.035 and 0.301±0.073 mg/g lyophilized cells respectively. Other metabolites that had the content ranged between 0.1–0.2 mg/g lyophilized cells were alanine, isethionate and arabinose. Amino acid(valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine), organic acid salts(lactate, succinate), scyllitol and uracil had content ranged from 0.01 to below 0.1 mg/g lyophilized cells. Trigonelline, fumarate and formate were detected in very low content(only thousandths of 1 mg per gram of lyophilized cells or below). Our results of the holistic metabolites of P. carterae are the basic references for the further studies when multiple problems will be addressed to this notorious blooming calcifying species.
