清真寺功能的共生学诠释

在共生学的话语场景中,清真寺作为伊斯兰文化的物质要素与意义载体,在以伊斯兰文化为特质的穆斯林社会中,具有系统意义的主导共生界面属性。根据清真寺的共生界面属性以及在共生系统中的贡献或功效,清真寺功能可分为有序化功能、伺服功能、凝聚功能以及共生优化功能。承载着文化意义的清真寺,强化了穆斯林的知识、情感与伦理道德的融会贯通,是穆斯林社会提高共生效率并向更高层次的有序化演变的核心要素。

试论民族关系的概念及内涵——对民族关系理论框架的共生学考察

民族关系是民族理论体系中的一个重要范畴。在共生学的视阈中,民族关系是社会共生系统的一个重要组成部分,是一种因为"互利性"的"刺激"而产生的民族共同体的自觉行为。它以民族共生系统中的能量分配为核心内容,受民族共生单元、民族共生度、民族共生环境、民族共生力以及民族共生界面的影响支配,是一种从间歇共生向一体化共生、偏利共生向对称性互惠共生不断发展的民族之间的共生运动。向更高层次的有序化和一体化不断演变是民族共生运动的必然规律。

从多元走向一体:民族关系演变中的共生学取向

民族关系的起源和发展有着不同层次的动因,共生优化无疑揭示了民族关系的动力源泉和发展机制。在民族交往的过程中,投入与产出的分配或者说共生损耗与共生能量的分配在民族关系的稳定与发展中都具有决定性作用,这种能量来源于民族共生体对政治、经济和文化的有效生产、交换与相关权益、利益的配置。在动态的视角中,民族共生过程是一个自组织过程,是共生民族共同适应、共同发展、共同优化的过程,也是特定时空中必然优化的过程。在"互利性"的"刺激"下,民族之间共同运动,为民族关系产生新的物质结构提供了保证,促进民族关系向更高层次的有序化和一体化不断演变。

重庆电子工程职业学院智慧校园综合信息平台“教、学、研”共生型自主研发模式探索与实践

重庆电子工程职业学院为了实现信息中心升级转型,解决学校在信息化建设中遇到的数据不统一、孤岛严重、应用单一、部分业务系统不能满足实际业务需求等问题。采用统筹、统建、统管的信息化建设与服务模式,采取"自主+合作"相结合的策略,利用学校电子信息专业优势,自主研发建设包括统一门户、应用中心、流程中心、微服务中心、数据中心、运维中心、资源中心的"一统一六中心"智慧校园基础支撑平台,打造大数据中心、在线服务中心、决策支持中心,以及集教学资源管理、课前课中课后教学互动管理、教学评价、教学分析及教学过程服务于一体的教学服务平台。实现信息化系统的量身定制、灵活快速更新,探索出"教、学、研"共生型自主研发模式。在便捷服务师生的基础上,自主建设模式提升了教师科研能力,拓展了教师社会服务能力,培养了实战能力强的信息技术应用型人才,为构建传帮带梯队式人才培养提供了实践经验。

试论民族关系的概念及内涵

民族关系是民族理论体系中的一个重要范畴。在共生学的视域中,民族关系是社会共生系统的一个重要组成部分,是一种因为"互利性"的"刺激"而产生的民族共同体的自觉行为。它以民族共生系统中的能量分配为核心内容,受民族共生单元、民族共生度、民族共生环境、民族共生力以及民族共生界面的影响支配,是一种从间歇共生向一体化共生、偏利共生向对称性互惠共生不断发展的民族之间的共生运动。向更高层次的有序化和一体化不断演变是民族共生运动的必然规律。

Evidence of Ultrastructure and Physiology of F-actin as Component of Plasmodesmata

The characters and ultrastructure of the intercellular connection were revealed in the outer epidermis of the garlic clove sheath by means of fluorescent probe TRITC_Phalloidin (TRITC_Ph) labeling combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), immuno_gold labeling and transmission electron microscopy. These results show that transcellular channel is a complex of rod_like cytoplasm channel and grouped plasmodesmata (PDs) in pit. The former remains a portion of the cell protoplast. The diameter of PD is normally 60-70 nm. The PDs are the real intercellular symplasmic connections of the cells. The transcellular fibers labeled with the TRITC_Ph obviously become narrow in the primary pit fields, which is the same as the characters observed under the electron microscope. The bright fluorescent spot in the primary wall reflects the grouped PDs in pit, and hence the presence of F_actin in the PDs can be confirmed. In immuno_gold labeling experiment, a lot of gold particles were massively distributed in the rod_like cytoplasm channel and grouped PDs. The result provides effective support that these fluorescent filaments possibly are the existing form of F_actin.

Pathogenicity of bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila isolated from entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae) and its secretion against Galleria mellonella larvae

The entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila was isolated from the hemolymph of Galleria mel- lonella infected with Steinernema carpocapsae. The bacterial cells and its metabolic secretions have been found lethal to the Galleria larvae. Toxic secretion in broth caused 95% mortality within 4 d of application whereas the bacterial cells caused 93% mortality after 6 d. When filter and sand substrates were compared, the later one was observed as appropriate. Similarly, bacterial cells and secretion in broth were more effective at 14% moisture and 25 °C temperature treatments. Maximum insect mortality (100%) was observed when bacterial concentration of 4×106 cells/ml was used. Similarly, maximum bacterial cells in broth (95%) were penetrated into the insect body within 2 h of their application. However, when stored bacterial toxic secretion was applied to the insects its efficacy declined. On the other hand, when the same toxic secretion was dried and then dissolved either in broth or water was proved to be effective. The present study showed that the bacterium, X. nematophila or its toxic secretion can be used as an important component of integrated pest management against Galleria.

lmpact of Virtual Dementia Tbur on empathy leVel Of nursing Students:A quasi-experimental study

Objective:As a developable ability,empathy is significantly associated with patient-centered care.The authors intended to evaluate the effect of Virtual Dementia Tour(VDT)upon nursing students'empathy level and propose practical rationales for optimizing future dementia care.Methods:A total of 45 second-year undergraduate nursing students were organized to watch a theme movie entitled Still Alice and participate in an 8-min VDT.Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professional Students(JSE-HPS)was employed for evaluating the empathy level of nursing students.After VDT,all nursing students participated in a structured interview.Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were performed using SPSS 24.0.Results:Their empathy levels demonstrated significant overall improvements(106.69±9.49 vs 115.51±10.16,P<0.01).During the course of VDT,nursing students experienced varying levels of anxiety and frustration.All of them were satisfied with the program since they had gained a deeper understanding of demented patients and the program could change their attitudes toward demented elders.Conclusion:Watching a specially selected movie and participating in VDT may be an effective method for enhancing empathy and caring during nursing student education.

Dihydrochalcones and phenanthrene derivatives from Fissistigma bracteolatum

Three dihydrochalcones derivatives 1-3, flavone 4 and phenanthrene derivative 5 were isolated, together with 9 known compofinds, from the air-dried root bark of Fissistigma bracteolatum Chatterjee. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic （NMR, MS） and chemical methodologies.

High-rate removal of As(Ⅲ) from aqueous system with sulfhydryl magnetic biological bamboo charcoal nanocomposites prepared by chemical co-precipitation method

Sulfhydryl magnetic biological bamboo charcoal nanocomposite(BBC@nFe-SH)was prepared by chemical co-precipitation method for the robust capture of As(Ⅲ)from aqueous solutions.The novel BBC@nFe-SH shows favorable magnetic field strength(83376 A/m),which enables BBC@nFe-SH to be quickly recovered from aqueous solution.The maximum As(Ⅲ)adsorption capacity is as high as 98.63 mg/g at pH 5.0 and 40°C,reaching reaction equilibrium within 120 min.Various characterizations(e.g.,SEM,FTIR,VSM and XPS)suggest that As(Ⅲ)prefers to coordinate with surface oxygen groups bonded to the surface.BBC@nFe-SH displayed high stability and recyclability throughout the removal process,which could be easily activated by 1 mol/L NaOH after usage.Thus,the novel BBC@nFe-SH has promising applications for As(Ⅲ)treatment.

Building an Ecological Civilization in China： Towards a Practice Based Learning Approach

The adoption by the 18th Congress of the Communist Party of China in November 2012 of a policy on ecological civilization is a landmark event for the nation and the world community. China＇s vision for building an ecological civilization is comprehensive, multi-sectoral and systemic and is intended to direct and balance progress among ecological, economic, social, cultural and political dimensions of change. Some on-going efforts and potential future activities that meet China＇s vision of an ecological civilization are described. Establishment of dedicated ecological civilization areas for experimenting with legal, regulatory and administrative incentives that would facilitate the march towards the ideal is encouraged. Chinese biosphere reserves which are designated with the explicit aim of building harmony between humans and nature would be suitable candidates for designing and developing such dedicated ecological civilization areas.

Improving Simulation of the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle of China in Version 4.5 of the Community Land Model Using a Revised V_(cmax) Scheme

The maximum rate of carboxylation （Vcax） is a key photosynthetic parameter for gross primary produc- tion （GPP） estimation in terrestrial biosphere models. A set of observation-based Vcax values, which take the ni- trogen limitation on photosynthetic rates into consideration, are used in version 4.5 of the Community Land Model （CLM4.5）. However, CLM4.5 with carbon-nitrogen （CN） biogeochemistry （CLM4.5-CN） still uses an inde- pendent decay coefficient for nitrogen after the photosyn- thesis calculation. This means that the nitrogen limitation on the carbon cycle is accounted for twice when CN bio- geochemistry is active. Therefore, to avoid this double nitrogen down-regulation in CLM4.5-CN, the original Vcmax scheme is revised with a new one that only accounts for the transition between Vcmax and its potential value （without nitrogen limitation）. Compared to flux tower- based observations, the new Vcmax scheme reduces the root-mean-square error （RMSE） in GPP for China's Mainland by 13.7 g C m-2 yr-1, with a larger decrease over humid areas （39.2 g C m 2 yr-1）. Moreover, net primary production and leaf area index are also improved, with reductions in RMSE by 0.8% and 11.5%, respectively.

Methods Comparison for Microsatellite Marker Development:Different Isolation Methods,Different Yield Efficiency

Microsatellite markers have become one kind of the most important molecular tools used in various researches. A large number of microsatellite markers are required for the whole genome survey in the fields of molecular ecology,quantitative genetics and genomics. Therefore,it is extremely necessary to select several versatile,low-cost,efficient and time-and labor-saving methods to develop a large panel of microsatellite markers. In this study,we used Zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri) as the target species to compare the efficiency of the five methods derived from three strategies for microsatellite marker development. The results showed that the strategy of constructing small insert genomic DNA library resulted in poor efficiency,while the microsatellite-enriched strategy highly improved the isolation efficiency. Although the mining public database strategy is time-and cost-saving,it is difficult to obtain a large number of microsatellite markers,mainly due to the limited sequence data of non-model species deposited in public databases. Based on the results in this study,we recommend two methods,microsatellite-enriched library construction method and FIASCO-colony hybridization method,for large-scale microsatellite marker development. Both methods were derived from the microsatellite-enriched strategy. The experimental results obtained from Zhikong scallop also provide the reference for microsatellite marker development in other species with large genomes.

The Effect of Training Package Development for Secondary School Students in Thailand Toward ASEAN Community

The purposes of this research were： （1） to create a training package to prepare secondary school students in northeastern of Thailand toward ASEAN （Association of Southeast Asian Nations） Community; （2） to compare the knowledge of secondary school students toward ASEAN before and after use training package; and （3） the expectations of the students in the northeast of their own preparation for the ASEAN community. Experimental research was used in this research. The subject was including 2,000 students who were randomly divided into groups of seven provinces. The statistics used in data analysis were percentage, average, standard deviation, and T-test. The research results showed that： （1） a training package to prepare secondary school students in northeastern of Thailand toward ASEAN Community, the effectiveness index （E.I.） was .57, according to the established criteria; （2） a comparison of pretest and post-test results found the use of cognitive training may vary, statistically significant at the .05 level; （3） an expectation of the secondary school students in the preparation of role into ASEAN Community found that the students who participated in a concept reflect that the knowledge and attitudes to prepare themselves for the ASEAN community.

A Macaca mulatta model of fulminant hepatic failure

AIM:To establish an appropriate primate model of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).METHODS:We have,for the first time,established a large animal model of FHF in Macaca mulatta by intraperitoneal infusion of amatoxin and endotoxin.Clinical features,biochemical indexes,histopathology and iconography were examined to dynamically investigate the progress and outcome of the animal model.RESULTS:Our results showed that the enzymes and serum bilirubin were markedly increased and the enzyme-bilirubin segregation emerged 36 h after toxin administration.Coagulation activity was significantly decreased.Gradually deteriorated parenchymal abnormality was detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography at 48 h.The liver biopsy showed marked hepatocyte steatosis and massive parenchymal necrosis at 36 h and 49 h,respectively.The autopsy showed typical yellow atrophy of the liver.Hepatic encephalopathy of the models was also confirmed by hepatic coma,MRI and pathological changes of cerebral edema.The lethal effects of the extrahepatic organ dysfunction were ruled out by their biochemical indices,imaging and histopathology.CONCLUSION:We have established an appropriate large primate model of FHF,which is closely similar to clinic cases,and can be used for investigation of the mechanism of FHF and for evaluation of potential medical therapies.

Worldwide epidemiology of liver hydatidosis including the Mediterranean area

The worldwide incidence and prevalence of cystic echinococcosis have fallen dramatically over the past several decades.Nonetheless,infection with Echinococcus granulosus(E.granulosus)remains a major public health issue in several countries and regions,even in places where it was previously at low levels,as a result of a reduction of control programmes due to economic problems and lack of resources.Geographic distribution differs by country and region depending on the presence in that country of large numbers of nomadic or semi-nomadic sheep and goat flocks that represent the intermediate host of the parasite,and their close contact with the final host,the dog,which mostly provides the transmission of infection to humans.The greatest prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in human and animal hosts is found in countries of the temperate zones,including several parts of Eurasia(the Mediterranean regions,southern and central parts of Russia,central Asia,China),Australia,some parts of America(especially South America)and north and east Africa.Echinococcosis is currently considered an endemic zoonotic disease in the Mediterranean region.The most frequent strain associated with human cystic echinococcosis appears to be the common sheep strain(G1).This strain appears to be widely distributed in all continents.The purpose of this review is to examine the distribution of E.granulosus and the epidemiology of a re-emerging disease such as cystic echinococcosis.

The difference of endothelial adherence between the clinical and commensal strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the leading pathogens of nosocomial infections. Twenty- eight strains of biofilm-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis, of which thirteen strains considered as the clinical strains were isolated from catheters, blood and urine of patients in Huashan Hospital （Shanghai, China） and fifteen strains considered as commensal strains were isolated from the skin of healthy students who had no contact with hospitals in recent half year, were investigated for the adherence to human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV304 and human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line Hela, respectively. Our results showed that the clinical strains were much more adhesive to both cells than commensal ones. The endothelial adherence may be a virulence factor associated with this bacterial pathogenesis.

共生翻译研究刍论

共生翻译研究将生物共生的自然主义哲学观引入翻译学领域进行学科整合研究,以研究翻译中的共生现象、性质、方式和规律为宏观理路,探寻自然生物多样性与人类语言文化多样性之间的同一性机制与普遍性关联;通过对翻译中的基本共生关系、共生要素、共生机制、共生环境、共生系统和共生伦理等问题进行系统性剖析,揭示人类语言文化间多元共生的本质、特征和规律。共生翻译研究是多元化时代语境下多学科交叉发展的产物,是翻译学术探索的新视阈和新途径。本文从研究背景、现有基础、基本内涵、研究内容、研究局限、发展空间等层面对共生翻译研究进行综观性阐述。

论共生环境下的媒体竞争

改革开放以来,我国媒体在迅速发展的同时竞争也日趋激烈,在绝对竞争观指导下,不择手段的恶性竞争事件时有出现,造成了恶劣的社会影响。因此,坚持社会主义科学发展观,正确认识和应对共生环境下的媒体竞争,对新闻事业的健康发展有着十分重要的意义。本文以辩证唯物主义为指导,用共生理论的方法,对媒体的竞争和共生作一系统的分析。