鲁东南莒南县一带榴辉岩的特征

莒南榴辉岩原生矿物共生组合是石榴石+绿辉石±石英。石榴石的AIm58.3～62.6％,Pyr11.0～22.9％;绿辉石含Jd 40.7～46.3。它们形成在P为14.7～21.78×10~8Pa、T为635～994℃的条件,形成时的地热梯度大约16.2～16.9℃/km,埋藏深度约39～60km。

Solidification process and microstructure evolution of bulk undercooled Co-Sn alloys

A series of Co-Sn alloys with Sn content ranging from 12% to 32%（mole fraction） were undercooled to different degrees below the equilibrium liquidus temperature and the solidification behaviors were investigated by monitoring the temperature recalescence and examing the solidification microstructures.A boundary clearly exists,which separates the coupled growth zone from the decoupled growth zone of eutectic phases for the alloys with Sn content ranging from 14% to 31%（mole fraction）.The other Co-Sn alloys out of this content range are hard to be undercooled into the coupled growth zone in the experiment.It is found that the so-called non-reciprocal nucleation phenomenon does not happen in the solidification of undercooled Co-Sn off-eutectic alloys.

对现行英语教师校本研修制度的反思与重建

通过揭示当下学校英语学科组建设中存在的一些共性问题,提出创建共生型英语学科组的构想,着力培养英语教师的进取意识和研究意识,为英语学科校本研修在理论建设、实践研究方面提供新的视角。

Evidence of Ultrastructure and Physiology of F-actin as Component of Plasmodesmata

The characters and ultrastructure of the intercellular connection were revealed in the outer epidermis of the garlic clove sheath by means of fluorescent probe TRITC_Phalloidin (TRITC_Ph) labeling combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), immuno_gold labeling and transmission electron microscopy. These results show that transcellular channel is a complex of rod_like cytoplasm channel and grouped plasmodesmata (PDs) in pit. The former remains a portion of the cell protoplast. The diameter of PD is normally 60-70 nm. The PDs are the real intercellular symplasmic connections of the cells. The transcellular fibers labeled with the TRITC_Ph obviously become narrow in the primary pit fields, which is the same as the characters observed under the electron microscope. The bright fluorescent spot in the primary wall reflects the grouped PDs in pit, and hence the presence of F_actin in the PDs can be confirmed. In immuno_gold labeling experiment, a lot of gold particles were massively distributed in the rod_like cytoplasm channel and grouped PDs. The result provides effective support that these fluorescent filaments possibly are the existing form of F_actin.

Effects of melt treatment temperature and isothermal holding parameter on water-quenched microstructures of A356 aluminum alloy semisolid slurry

The semisolid slurry of the A356 aluminum alloy was prepared by self-inoculation method(SIM),the effects of melt treatment temperatures and isothermal holding parameters on water-quenched microstructures of A356 aluminum alloy semisolid slurry were investigated,and the solidification behavior of the remaining liquid phase(secondary solidification)was analyzed.The results indicate that the melt treatment temperature has significant effects on the final semisolid microstructures.The semisolid slurry which is suitable for the rheological forming can be produced when the melt treatment temperature is between 680 and 690°C.During the isothermal holding process,the growth rate of the primary particles conforms to the dynamic equation of Dt 3-Do3=Kt,and the coarsening rate of the primary particles is the fastest when the isothermal holding temperature is 600°C.Additionally,the isothermal holding time also has obvious effect on the secondary solidification microstructures.The secondary particles are the smallest and roundest when the isothermal holding time is 3 min.The amount of the secondary particles gradually increases with the increase of isothermal holding temperature,and the eutectic reaction therefore is confined into small intergranular areas,contributing to the compactness of the final solidified eutectic structures.

共生微生物组对宿主免疫稳态的调控作用

宿主皮肤、口腔以及胃肠道的大量共生微生物组与宿主免疫系统互相作用,对于维持宿主的能量代谢、免疫稳态和多种疾病的发生和发展都有重要影响。定植于宿主体表的共生微生物组既可以帮助消化食物、合成维生素,又可以引起过敏反应和炎症感染。因此,通过研究共生微生物组和宿主免疫系统之间的对话交流,可以明晰宿主免疫系统维持共生微生物组的生态平衡的作用机理,进一步明确共生微生物组调节宿主免疫稳态的分子机制,对于探索共生微生物引起的多种免疫相关性疾病的病理基础和治疗方式具有重要意义。

Clinical relevance and public health significance of hepatitis B virus genomic variations

Ten hepatitis B virus （HBV） genotypes （A-J） and 34 HBV subgenotypes have been identified so far. HBV genotypes and subgenotypes have distinct geographical distributions, and have been shown to differ with regard to clinical outcome, prognosis, and response to interferon treatment. Infection with subgenotype A2 is frequently associated with high viral load, resulting in acute infection via horizontal transmission. Genotypes A and B are more sensitive to interferon treatment than genotypes D and C, respectively. Genotype B is more frequent in acute hepatitis than genotype C, whereas genotype C （C2） is more frequently associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, mostly cirrhotic, as compared with genotype B （B2）. Genotype mixture is associated with high viral load and worse outcome of HBV infection. HBV mutations in the S genes, especially amino acids substitution at position 145 （G145R）, are associated with immune escape, whereas mutations in the PreS or S genes which impair HBsAg secretion could present a risk to blood safety. HBV variants harboring mutations in the viral polymerase gene that confer resistance to nucleoside analogs may be selected during antiviral therapy. Different genotypes have distinct mutation patterns in the PreS and EnhH/BCP/Precore regions. PreS deletions, C1653T, T1753V, and A1762T/G1764A are associated with an increased risk of HCC. HCC- associated HBV mutants may not transmit via motherto-child transmission, and are likely generated during HBV-induced pathogenesis. Examination of HBV mutations alone or in combination and host genetic suscep-tibility will be helpful in classifying the HBV-infected subjects who will develop HCC and need active antiviral treatments.

Intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease:Friend of foe?

Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） arises from disruption of immune tolerance to the gut commensal microbiota, leading to chronic intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage in genetically predisposed hosts. In healthy individuals the intestinal microbiota have a symbiotic relationship with the host organism and possess important and unique functions, including a metabolic function （i.e. digestion of dietary compounds and xenobiotics, fermentation of undigestible carbohydrates with production of short chain fatty acids）, a mucosal barrier function （i.e. by inhibiting pathogen invasion and strengthening epithelial barrier integrity）, and an immune modula- tory function （i.e. mucosal immune system priming and maintenance of intestinal epithelium homeostasis）. A fine balance regulates the mechanism that allows co- existence of mammals with their commensal bacteria. In IBD this mechanism of immune tolerance is impaired because of several potential causative factors. The gut microbiota composition and activity of IBD patients are abnormal, with a decreased prevalence of dominant members of the human commensal microbiota （i.e. Clostridium IXa and IV groups, Bacteroides, bifldobacteria） and a concomitant increase in detrimental bacteria （i.e. sulphate-reducing bacteria, Escherichia coll. The observed dysbiosis is concomitant with defectiveinnate immunity and bacterial killing （i.e. reduced mucosal defensins and IgA, malfunctioning phagocytosis） and overaggressive adaptive immune response （due to ineffective regulatory T cells and antigen presenting cells）, which are considered the basis of IBD pathogen- esis. However, we still do not know how the interplay between these parameters causes the disease. Studies looking at gut microbial composition, epithelial integrity and mucosal immune markers in genotyped IBD populations are therefore warranted to shed light on this obscure pathogenesis.

The in Vitro Effect of a Symbiotic Combination Between Cellobiose and Two Probiotic Strains Toward Two Pathogenic Bacteria

Intestinal microflora possesses both beneficial and pathogenic properties with respect to host health and well being. Three procedures are usually proposed for its modulation： probiotic, prebiotic and their combination on symbiotic. In this in vitro study the authors assess the effect of a symbiotic combination between cellobiose and two probiotic strains （L. rhamnosus, S. thermophilus） toward two pathogenic bacteria （S. aureus and E. colO. In addition, we evaluate the influence of this fiber either on the localization of the lactic inhibiting substances and their extracelluler polymer substances （EPS） production. The results showed that the prebiotic candidate noticeably elongated the adaptation phase of the target pathogens to up than 12 hours, while stimulate the probiotic growth till 2 Log CFU/mL in favor of L. rhamnosus and to approximately 3 Log CFU/mL for S. thermophilus compared with control substrate （glucose）. The inhibiting effect was more important toward S. aureus （2.54 and 1.09 Log CFU/mL against 4.99 and 7.75 in co-culture with L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus respectively at the 4th hour of incubation） and lesser for E. coli compared with the control substrate. And the results suggested that S thermophilus inhibited both target strains mainly by bacteriocins, whilst L. rharnnosus rather inhibited S. aureus growth by bacteriocins and E. coli ones by acids production. We also observed a significant stimulation of the exopolysaccahrids production by this fiber, which may allow a better adhesion of the probiotic candidates in the intestinal tract.

Characteristics of Organizational Leadership and Motivation as a Factor of Change in the Public Health System

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of organizational leaders in the health system and the factors that motivate health workers, in order to improve health care. The research was conducted in the public health institutions in Montenegro. The objectives of the research were to investigate whether leaders affect the motivation of employees in order to implement changes in the health system. The study was implemented through the interview method on the representative sample of 603 employees in public health institutions. The factor analysis revealed the latent characteristics of the organizational leader and the factors that motivate employees in public health institutions. The result of study indicates that employees in public health perceive organizational leadership to have a good quality. Result also exposes that the strongest motivation factor is a financial incentive. Financial incentive is the main motivator for employees in the public health sector, while the participation in decision-making was the least important motivational factor. The results obtained indicate that employees are primarily focused on individual goals, which influence the acceptance of change within the health system. The role of organizational leaders in motivating is poor because obtained factor scores are not correlated. The research has shown that organizational leaders do not have a great impact on the motivation of employees in the public health sector. This has effect on the process of accepting changes, where the roles of leaders are very important, especially in providing support to employees.

Microstructure transition from stable to metastable eutectic growth in Ni-25%Al alloy

The microstructural evolution during directional solidification of the Ni-25%Al(mole fraction) alloy was investigated in the range of growth velocity from 10 to 100 μm/s under a given thermal gradient of 10 K/mm. The solidification microstructures reveal a transition from γ'-β equilibrium eutectic to γ-β metastable eutectic plus β dendrites. A mixed microstructure of γ'-β and γ-β eutectics produced at a growth velocity of 25 μm/s illustrates that the transition occurs during the competitive growth between γ and γ' phases. The growth temperature for each phase was considered to understand the microstructure selection during solidification. The experimental results show that a phase or a microstructure solidifying with the highest temperature under a given growth condition is preferentially selected upon solidification. In addition, both stable eutectic and metastable eutectic are shown to coexist and simultaneously grow in the velocity range between 25 and 60 μm/s due to their similar growth temperatures.

EVALUATION OF SPECTRAL SELECTED PRESS SEQUENCE IN BREAST LESION CHARACTERIZATION

Objective To evaluate the role of ^1H spetral selected point-resolved spectroscopy （SS-PRESS） sequence in distingnishing benign from malignant breast lesions by the malignancy marker of choline peak and to investigate the factors influencing the diagnosis. Methods A total of 131 patients （ aged 24-83 years, average 44. 8 years） were enrolled in this study. The examinations were performed on a 1.5T scanner with four-channel phased array breast coiL Singie-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H MRS） was acquired by SS-PRESS sequence in these patients referred to surgical or biopsy consultation. Results Among these patients, 74 were proved to have breast carcinomas and 57 have benign lesions by histopathological examinations, Thirty-one elevated choline peaks were observed in these 74 confirmed malignant lesions, and 5 detectable choline peaks were demonstrated in the 57 benign lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of ^1H SSPRESS MRS were 41.9% and 91.2%, respectively. The main factors influencing the diagnosis were signal-to-noise ratio and pathological type. Conclusions ^1H SS-PRESS MRS can provide a noninvasive, biochemical measurement of metabolism and improve the specificity of breast magnetic resonance imaging. Choline peak in vivo is a specific but not sensitive marker of malignancy. Technique factors and histopathological characterization of lesions influence the detection rate.

A Macaca mulatta model of fulminant hepatic failure

AIM:To establish an appropriate primate model of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).METHODS:We have,for the first time,established a large animal model of FHF in Macaca mulatta by intraperitoneal infusion of amatoxin and endotoxin.Clinical features,biochemical indexes,histopathology and iconography were examined to dynamically investigate the progress and outcome of the animal model.RESULTS:Our results showed that the enzymes and serum bilirubin were markedly increased and the enzyme-bilirubin segregation emerged 36 h after toxin administration.Coagulation activity was significantly decreased.Gradually deteriorated parenchymal abnormality was detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography at 48 h.The liver biopsy showed marked hepatocyte steatosis and massive parenchymal necrosis at 36 h and 49 h,respectively.The autopsy showed typical yellow atrophy of the liver.Hepatic encephalopathy of the models was also confirmed by hepatic coma,MRI and pathological changes of cerebral edema.The lethal effects of the extrahepatic organ dysfunction were ruled out by their biochemical indices,imaging and histopathology.CONCLUSION:We have established an appropriate large primate model of FHF,which is closely similar to clinic cases,and can be used for investigation of the mechanism of FHF and for evaluation of potential medical therapies.

The Analysis of Growth and Reproduction of Industrial Clusters Based on View of Ecological Coexistence

The behavior of industrial cluster is similar to the behavior of biological population, that is, the industrial cluster is seemed to be an ecological symbiotic system. The relationship between economic organizations in the industrial cluster is similar to the relationship of species in ecological system, and symbiotic reciprocity, competition and cooperation are the basic. The ecological development is mainstream and direction of industrial cluster. In this paper, firstly, we studied the ecological symbiosis growth model of industry cluster, and tbund it being according to logistic growth model; secondly, we studied the growth and reproduction of economic organizations in industrial cluster in three different cases, which with only competition relations, only beneficial relations, and both competition and beneficial cooperation relationship between economic organizations, and finally, we determined the number of economical organizations when the industrial cluster attained ecological equilibrium.

On physical education of vocational high school students under the context of IT development

The integration of information technology and the continuous development of the information network make the college physical education degree of information technology constantly improving. College physical education is not only formed in the internal network, then sharing information resources and making sports teaching organization efficient as a whole, but communicate with the external network, formatting the Internet and producing significant changes in the teaching environment of college sports and sports teaching. College physical education is facing the reformation of better educated and digitization, virtualization, molecules, networking, agile and globalization. Physical education and sports teaching degree of information is closely related.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a new approach for improvement of early diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer （PCa） is the second most common male cancer worldwide and the fifth leading cause of death from cancer in men. Early detection and risk stratification is the most effective way to improve the survival of PCa patients. Current PCa biomarkers lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity to cancer. Metabolite biomarkers are evolving as a new diagnostic tool. This review is aimed to evaluate the potential of metabolite biomarkers for early detection, risk assessment, and monitoring of PCa. Of the 154 identified publications, 27 and 38 were original papers on urine and serum metabolomics, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） is a promising method for measuring concentrations of metabolites in complex samples with good reproducibility, high sensitivity, and simple sample processing. Especially urine-based NMR metabolomics has the potential to be a cost-efficient method for the early detection of PCa, risk stratification, and monitoring treatment eff^cacy.

THE ROLE OF BACTERIAL SYMBIONTS IN AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BLACK BEAN APHIDS

To evaluate the role of bacterial symbionts ( Buchnera spp. ) in the black bean aphids ( Aphis craccivora Koch), the aphids were treated with the antibiotic, rifampicin, to eliminate their intracellular symbiotic bacteria. Analysis of protein and amino acid concentration in 7-day-old of aposymbiotic aphids showed that the total protein content per mg fresh weight was significantly reduced by 29 %, but free amino acid titers were increased by 17% . The ratio of the essential amino acids was in general only around 20% essential amino acids in phloem sap of broad bean, whereas it was 44% and 37% in symbiotic and aposymbiotic aphids, respectively,suggesting that the composition of the free amino acids was unbalanced. For example, the essential amino acid,threonine represented 21. 6% of essential amino acids in symbiotic aphids, but it was only 16.7% in aposymbiotic aphids. Likewise, two nonessential amino acids, tyrosine and serine, represented 8.9% and 5.6% of total amino acids in symbiontic aphids, respectively, but they enhanced to 21.1% and 13.6% in aposymbiotic aphids. It seems likely that the elevated free amino acid concentration in aposymbiotic aphids was caused by the limited protein anabolism as the result of the unbalanced amino acid composition.

基于产品结构的旅游产品开发设计模式探寻

随着全球信息技术的发展,旅游业被推向了一个新的发展阶段,人们对旅游产品设计的需求也随之上升。从产品结构、产业与组织之间的协调与整合程度及旅游产品质量的表现形式等角度,探讨旅游产品的开发与设计模式。大众旅游产品的总体开发和设计可以归类为“模组共生型”,其在开发过程和设计中,不同组织之间的协调程度较低,产品所呈现的附加值属于表层,只能为旅游消费者带来功能价值。精致型旅游产品的开发与设计可以被视为“整合共创型”,其在开发和设计过程中,通过组织间的密切协调和整合,产品获得了新的生命。相关人员使用产品结构的概念,使用不同的开发和设计模式,通过跨组织整合创造新产品,为消费者提供更深的意义和价值,推广旅游产品,展示差异化,有助于创造旅游商机和可持续经营。