The purpose of this paper is to investigate the political ideals of Sakae Osugi. Osugi argued that it was possible to establish a ＂society of mutual aid＂ based on the principle of ＂expansion of life＂. In his view,...The purpose of this paper is to investigate the political ideals of Sakae Osugi. Osugi argued that it was possible to establish a ＂society of mutual aid＂ based on the principle of ＂expansion of life＂. In his view, the hierarchy meant fixing the boundary and every boundary was an expression and exercise of power. That explains why anarchism is a perpetual movement which attempts to transcend every boundary forming the hierarchy. Osugi aimed at a free and diversified federal society where life is expanded. Osugi＇s influence stemmed from his articulation of the basic concerns of his generation. That generation confronted difficulties of a different order from those faced by the Meiji leadership. Osugi was attracted to the problem presented by the emerging masses： How could they be incorporated into society？ His reply to this question was ＂mutual aid＂. This paper focuses on the relation between both notions of freedom and society and analyzes it throwing a light on the principle of ＂expansion of life＂ in Osugi＇s anarchism. Similarly to his contemporaries, it might be helpful to enquire into that principle, in a way that is beneficial to the relation between freedom and society.展开更多
Through case studies in Ningbo, Dalian and Beijing, this article discusses how to promote public services, social integration and expression of residents＇ views in the construction of harmonious communities. The Ning...Through case studies in Ningbo, Dalian and Beijing, this article discusses how to promote public services, social integration and expression of residents＇ views in the construction of harmonious communities. The Ningbo case shows the origin, scale and effect of a government-led community public service network; the Dalian case describes the emergence, development and functions of community-led autonomous organizations as a means of promoting socially disadvantaged groups＇ integration into society; and the Beijing case reveals the value orientation, methods and constructive experience of community development evaluation based on the expression of residents＇ views.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this paper is to investigate the political ideals of Sakae Osugi. Osugi argued that it was possible to establish a ＂society of mutual aid＂ based on the principle of ＂expansion of life＂. In his view, the hierarchy meant fixing the boundary and every boundary was an expression and exercise of power. That explains why anarchism is a perpetual movement which attempts to transcend every boundary forming the hierarchy. Osugi aimed at a free and diversified federal society where life is expanded. Osugi＇s influence stemmed from his articulation of the basic concerns of his generation. That generation confronted difficulties of a different order from those faced by the Meiji leadership. Osugi was attracted to the problem presented by the emerging masses： How could they be incorporated into society？ His reply to this question was ＂mutual aid＂. This paper focuses on the relation between both notions of freedom and society and analyzes it throwing a light on the principle of ＂expansion of life＂ in Osugi＇s anarchism. Similarly to his contemporaries, it might be helpful to enquire into that principle, in a way that is beneficial to the relation between freedom and society.
基金This case study is an outcome of the cooperative research program"The Zhejiang Experience and the Development of China"carried out by CASS and Zhejiang Province.The research report was written by Ge Daoshun.
文摘Through case studies in Ningbo, Dalian and Beijing, this article discusses how to promote public services, social integration and expression of residents＇ views in the construction of harmonious communities. The Ningbo case shows the origin, scale and effect of a government-led community public service network; the Dalian case describes the emergence, development and functions of community-led autonomous organizations as a means of promoting socially disadvantaged groups＇ integration into society; and the Beijing case reveals the value orientation, methods and constructive experience of community development evaluation based on the expression of residents＇ views.
