论分析美学的“关于性”之争

面对20世纪中期流行的艺术定义的不可知论的挑战,本质主义者试图通过提出艺术本质的具体条件维护艺术本质论的有效性。其中,“人造性”与“关于性”最受到关注,尤其后者引起了较大争议。丹托、古德曼等人主张艺术具有与语言类似的“意义与呈现”的结构,即便作品无关于物质对象,也会与观念内容相关。迪基、卡罗尔试图从归谬法的角度反驳这一立场,他们指出,许多艺术作品既无关于物质对象也无关于观念内容,这些作品是“无所关于”的。在上述争论中,丹托、迪基等人均对“关于性”作了以“物质-观念”为核心的狭窄化理解,事实上,“关于性”的真正内涵在于其语义学属性,即非作品自身的他者构成了作品的主题。就此而言,尽管迪基与卡罗尔正确地指出了“艺术世界”中存在着许多无关于物质与观念对象的艺术作品,从而指出了丹托观点的错误,这些作品仍具有其他意义上的“关于性”。欣赏者对此类作品的自明性评论“这是一件被创作出的作品”表明,在这些作品中,创作行为作为非作品自身的他者构成了此类作品的主题。这一事实也表明了“关于性”与“人造性”之间的密切关联,“人造性”构成了一切“关于性”的基础,并且,在作品剥离了与物质与观念对象的一切联结的情况下,“关于性”回归于“人造性”。

“喻”思维的理论和应用

“喻”主要有两种:隐喻和转喻。运用这两喻的思维过程就是“喻”思维。传统修辞研究不提思维,但归根到底还是靠思维主宰的。主宰这两喻运用的思维分别是相似性思维和关于性思维,相似性思维和关于性思维在语言运用中被广泛应用。

桩靴贯入对群桩效应影响的模型试验分析

为评价桩靴贯入饱和软黏土对邻近水平受荷群桩群桩效应的影响,开展了1g条件下的模型试验。基于桩身应变测量结果得到桩身弯矩,对弯矩拟合后依据弯矩与剪力的微分关系得出近远桩桩头承担的剪力,进而依据修正Poulos方法得出在桩靴贯入过程中描述群桩相互作用的Y乘子的变化,并将考虑群桩效应后的群桩桩身弯矩与试验结果进行对比。研究表明在桩靴贯入过程中,群桩近远桩桩头承担剪力发生变化:远桩桩头承担荷载增大、近桩桩头承担荷载减小。桩靴贯入使Y乘子减小,考虑群桩效应后,弯矩预测结果与测量结果较为接近。

Analysis of Similarities and Differences of the Twelve Jing-Well Acupoints for Emergency

The twelve Jing-Well acupoints are located at the tips of the limbs,with strong stimulation andintense needling sensation,and play important roles in the treatment of various critical diseases.The twelve Jing-Well acupoints share similarities and have specificities in the treatment of critical and severe diseases.The similarities of the twelve Jing-Well acupoints are supposed to open the orifices and remove blockage,clear away heat,resolve swelling,dissolve toxin and remove blood stasis.The Jing-Well acupoints locate at the different positions also have their specific effects for emergencies.Shaoshang(LU 11)is supposed to clean and benefit the throat.Shangyang(LI 1)is supposed to clear away heat and purge Fu organs.Lidui(ST 45)is supposed to expel fire and stop fear.Yinbai(SP 1)is supposed to stop bleeding and correct collapse.Shaochong(HT 9)is supposed to clear away heat from the heart and get rid of vexation.Shaoze(SI 1)is supposed to dredge the breast collateral.Zhiyin(BL 67)is supposed to promote birth and smoothen delivery.Yongquan(KI 1)is supposed to nourish yin and suppress yang.Zhongchong(PC 9)is supposed to benefit the orifice and brighten the eyes.Guanchong(TE 1)is supposed to clean and promote the triple energizer.Zuqiaoyin(GB 44)is supposed to induce menstruation and stop pain.Dadun(LR 1)is supposed to clear away the liver fire and relieve hernia.It is advisable to identify the similarities and differences and apply different stimulating modes in order to guide the clinical practice and enhance the emergency effect.

BASIC STUD Peculiar Phenomena During Resistance Detection of Acupoints

Studying on resistance specificity of human acupoints is one of the major subjects in the research on acupoint specificity. Even since a long time ago, many methods have been put forward in the detection of acupoint resistance specificity. From the vertical lengthways of the acupoint structure, the methods and means are put forward to detect the acupoint resistance in a series of studies. In the studies, some peculiar phenomena are found out in the detection of the acupoint resistance, and some phenomena are interrelated with the volume conductor characteristics of the human body, and some phenomena might be interrelated with the detecting methods and means. By the summary and analysis of those peculiar phenomena, references are offered to the relevant researchers engaged in the detection of the acupoint resistance.