试论古典美学“丽”范畴的审美内涵与美学特征

“丽”作为中国古典美学的重要审美范畴,其审美内涵主要有:它作为一种人生理想,深深渗透在宗教、伦理、文化艺术和日常社会生活之中;作为一种美学范式,表现为情感萌动的审美主体在审视美学客体时的自觉地“形式美”追求;作为一种文化品格,从美学角度透视,是一种“美学风格”,表现在语言文字方面,是知识阶层文化身份的代表。“丽”范畴具有丰富的美学意蕴,表现出“和谐”、“自然”、“绮靡”、“清淡”四个方面的美学特征。

余华小说的美学特征及修辞误区

作为先锋作家的一员,余华小说因其独特的叙事和修辞艺术而显示出与众不同的美学特征,即:寓言化特征、诗性质地、音乐的美感。同时,余华小说的修辞亦存在着误区,表现在:过度陌生化的偏颇及模式化之嫌;人物符号化带来抽象化的弊病;少数小说的修辞基本上是失败的。

论《陋室铭》的美学特征

以小见大的立意美 韩愈、柳宗元运用先秦、两汉的奇句单行的散文文体，宣传政治革新及唯物论思想。作为著名的中唐诗人、哲学家，刘禹锡的诗往往通过咏物表达他的情怀，借自然界平凡的事物或现象反映深刻的哲理。他虽不因散文著称，但散文与诗一样立意至美，通过《陋室铭》可见一斑。

先锋纪录片探析

在世界纪录片历史上,先锋纪录片以其特有的精神气质独树一帜,虽然数量不多,却能量巨大,影响深远。或许正因为数量少,不是纪录片创作的主流,所以,对它的专门研究,不管国内还是国外,都寥寥无几。本文从先锋纪录片的历史溯源、美学特征、思想与观念、诗意等几个方面,作了一个初步的探讨和研究,希望引起更多人对它的关注。

作为批评术语的“颓废”——评《20世纪末中国文学颓废主义思潮》

《20世纪末中国文学颓废主义思潮》用颓废作为一种批评术语来系统研究20世纪末中国文学作品的先期实验,通过比较来分析这股思潮的独特性及一般性,指出颓废不仅是一个阶段的文学现象,而且也与特定的文化思潮与文化传统相关联,因此必须将颓废主义作为一种真正的文学现象来加以全面的研究、严肃的思考。

Prognostic significance of cell infiltrations of immunosurveillance in colorectal cancer

AIM: To determine whether the mast cell (MCs) and tumor-associated macrophage (TAMs) counts have any correlation with clinical outcome in colorectal cancer, and to investigate whether MCs undergo phenotypic changes in colorectal cancer.METHODS: The MC and TAM counts were determined immunohistochemically in 60 patients with colorectal cancer and the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis rate, distant metastasis rates, and survival rates were compared between patients with low (less than the mean number of positive cells) and high (more than the mean number of positive cells) cell counts.RESULTS: Both patients with a low MC count and patients with a low TAM count had significantly deeper depth of invasion than those with a high MC count and those with a high TAM count (P＜0.01 and P＜0.01 respectively).Patients with a high MC count and patients with a high TAM count were significantly higher showing significantly lower rates of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis than those with a low MC count and those with a low TAM count. There were significant positive correlation between MC counts and TAM counts (r = 0.852, P＜0.01).In both cancerous tissue and normal colorectal tissue,the predominant MC phenotype was MCTC. The 5-year survival rate estimated was significantly lower in both patients with a low MC count and patients with a low TAM count than in those with a high MC count and those with a high TAM count (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01 respectively).CONCLUSION: There appears to be a direct relationship between the number of MCs and clinical outcome in patients with colorectal cancer, even though MCs exhibited no significant phenotypic changes. TAM count is of value to predict the clinical outcome or prognosis. It is more beneficial for estimating biological character of colorectal carcinoma to combine MC and TAM counts.

Bio-characteristic profiling related to clinic:A new technology platform for quality evaluation of Chinese materia medica

Quality evaluation is a bottleneck restricting the modernization and internationalization of Chinese materia medica (CMM). Due to characteristics of multi-component, multi-efficacy, multi-target, the existing quality evaluation system still cannot fully meet quality control needs of CMM. Hence, the author put forward “Bio-characteristic profiling related to clinic, BPRC” academic concept, meanwhile, fully take the advantage of analysis method with clinical monitoring superiority or profiling characteristics, build up “BPRC” new technology platform, in order to realize “real-time, dynamic and full-range monitoring” new technologies of CMM quality evaluation system and promote the further development of CMM industry.

Discriminating ability of molecular markers and morphological characterization in the establishment of genetic relationships in cultivated genotypes of almond and related wild species

A total 23 morphological traits, 19 AFLP-primer combinations, 80 RAPD primers and 32 SSR primer pair were used to compare the informativeness and efficiency of random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）, amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） and simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers in establishing genetic relationships among 29 almond cultivars and three related wild species. SSRs presented a high level of polymorphism and greater information content, as assessed by the expected hetrozygosity, compared to AFLPs and RAPDs. The lowest values of expected hetrozygosity were obtained for AFLPs; however AFLPs showed the highest efficiency, owing to their capacity to reveal large numbers of bands per reaction, which led to high values for various types of indices of diversity. All the three techniques discriminated almond genotypes very effectively, except that SSRs failed to discriminate between ＇Monagha＇ and ＇Sefied＇ almond genotypes. The correlation coefficients of similarity were statistically significant for all the three marker systems, but were lower for the SSR data than for RAPDs and AFLPs. For all the markers, high similarity in dendrogram topologies was obtained, although some differences were observed. All the dendrograms, including that obtained by the combined use of all the marker data, reflect relationships for most of cultivars according to their geographic diffusion. AMOVA detected more variation among cultivated and related wild species of almond within each geographic group. Bootstrap analysis revealed that the number of markers used was sufficient for reliable estimation of genetic similarity and for meaningful comparisons of marker types.

Petrological characteristics,geochemical feature and metallogenetic relation of alkaline-rich rocks in northwest of Yunan Province,China

The alkali-rich rocks, spreading along the suture zone of Jingsha River, refer to the alkali-rich porphyry rocks, which emplace during the Himalaya epoch in northwest of Yunnan Province, and consist of syenit, syenit porphyry, monzonite porphyry and granite porphyry. Petrological chemical analysis results suggest that silica is poor and aluminum is rich, and high potassium large ion lithophile elements （LILE）, light rare earth element （LREE） and Sr are obviously detracted in these rocks. High field strength elements （HFSE） and heavy rare earth element （HREE） are depleted, especially Nb, Ta, P and Ti. 8Eu： 0.09--1.64 shows that plagioclase does not appear fractional crystallization during the formation of alkali-rich rocks, t^348, H and O isotopes and Pb isotopes suggest that ore-forming fluid is derived from the mantle, and Pb is possibly mixed by mantle, wall rock and crust. The age of Pb in alkali-rich rocks is about 250-220 Ma. The age of alkali porphyry rock （dykes） varies from 30 Ma to 50 Ma. Alkali rocks have strong metallogenetic relation. Au mineralization is associated to the alkali magrnatic activities with a relatively high temperature, low pressure and high oxygen fugacity. However, copper mineralization is mainly associated with alkali-sub-alkali magmatic activities in a process of relatively low temperature, high pressure and lower oxygen fugacity.

Understanding Molecular Dynamics with Stochastic Processes via Real or Virtual Dynamics

Molecular dynamics with the stochastic process provides a convenient way to compute structural and thermodynamic properties of chemical, biological, and materials systems. It is demonstrated that the virtual dynamics case that we proposed for the Langevin equation [J. Chem. Phys. 147, 184104 （2017）] in principle exists in other types of stochastic thermostats as well. The recommended ＂middle＂ scheme [J. Chem. Phys. 147, 034109 （2017）] of the Andersen thermostat is investigated as an example. As shown by both analytic and numerical results, while the real and virtual dynamics cases approach the same plateau of the characteristic correlation time in the high collision frequency limit, the accuracy and efficiency of sampling are relatively insensitive to the value of the collision frequency in a broad range. After we compare the behaviors of the Andersen thermostat to those of Langevin dynamics, a heuristic schematic representation thermostatting processes with molecular is proposed for understanding efficient stochastic dynamics.

Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients with Ischemic Stroke Who Received Thrombolytic Therapy

Background： The aim of the research was to evaluate the association between CRP （C-reactive protein）, troponin I, d-dimer, creatinine, glucose, GFR （glomerular filtration rate） and LDL-C （low-density lipoprotein cholesterol） levels at the admission and the results of thrombolytic therapy. Materials and methods： 113 patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke in Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital from 01.01.2015 to 01.01.2016 were studied retrospectively. Blood samples were collected in the emergency department. The neurological status was estimated using the NIHSS （National Institute of Health Stroke Scale）. The efficacy of thrombolytic therapy was assessed by comparing NIHSS score at the admission and after treatment. Afterward all patients were divided into three groups-the major improvement （NIHSS 〉 4）, minor improvement （NIHSS ≤ 4） and without any clinical effect. Results： Only the median levels of GFR were significantly （p = 0.015） lower in patients who did not have any clinical improvements after thrombolytic therapy as compared to patients with the major or minor improvements （60.0, IQR （interquartile range） 42.4-72.3 mL/min/1.73m2; 83.2, IQR 65.3-98.3 mL/min/1.73m2 and 75.9, IQR 59.2-94.6 mL/min/1.73m2）. Based on the ROC （receiver operating characteristic） curve, the optimal cut-off value of GFR level as an indicator for prediction of worsen clinical outcome after thrombolytic therapy was projected to be 61.65 mL/min/1.73m2, which yielded a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 24.5%, the area under the curve was 0.788 （95% CI （confidence interval）, 0.648-0.928）. According Spearman rank correlation test was founded statistically significant indirect correlation between GFR level and NIHSS score after treatment （r = -0.410, p = 0.020） in patients with severe stroke （NIHSS 〉 14）. Conclusions： GFR level lower than 61.65 mL/min/1.73m2 at the admission could predict as a worse outcome, especially in patients with severe stroke.

江苏云渡核雕艺术研究

云渡核雕产生在明清时期,其内涵集中体现了中国传统文化思想和美学特征。云渡核雕产生于民间,有其强大的生命力及历史文化底蕴,具有民间艺术怡情闲适的典型特征,对于时下历史文化的传承有着积极的现实意义。

Time constraints for the closing of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Northern Alxa Region: Evidence from Wuliji granites

The Wuliji pluton in the Northern Alxa Region, Inner Mongolia, is the principal part of Shalazhashan Mountain. It belongs to the Zongnaishan-Shalazhashan Arc Zone, northwestern North China Plate, whose north is Engger Us Ophiolite Belt and south is Qagan Qulu Ophiolite Belt. The pluton was emplaced into Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Amushan Formation. According to the research about the original Carboniferous Amushan Formation, the lower and middle sections of the Carboniferous Amushan Formation consist of volcanic, clastic, and carbonate rocks, interpreted to represent the sedimentary association of a volcanic arc and back-arc basin; the upper section of the Amushan Formation is a molasse composed of silty shale, sandstone, gravel-bearing sandstone, and conglomerate. The Wuliji pluton consists mainly of biotite monzonitic granite, amphibole-bearing biotite monzonitic granite, and monzonitic granite. Geochemical analyses show that the pluton has both metaluminous and peraluminous characteristics, and on average has SiO2>70 wt%, Al2O3 >14 wt%, and high contents of Na2O+K2O (8.5 wt%), which define a calc-alkaline series. In addition, REE patterns show enrichment of LREE and weak negative Eu anomalies (δ Eu=0.3-1). Altogether, the samples are depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, P, Sr, and Ba, and enriched in Rb, Th, and K. These geochemical traits are interpreted to reflect an arc component. A secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb zircon age of the biotite monzonitic Wuliji pluton in the Northern Alxa Region, Inner Mongolia, is 250.8±2.0 Ma (1σ). Samples have ε Nd (t) values between 0.1 and 1.3, which suggests that the granites were derived from mixing between the crust and mantle. Based on the SIMS age and geochemical characteristics, Wuliji granite is interpreted to be a post-collisional granite, the result of mantle-derived melt and assimilated juvenile arc crust. However, according to the newest international stratigraphic classification standard, the upper section of the Amushan Formation is Lower Permian in age, indicating that the back-arc basin had already closed in Early Permian. We conclude that the Paleo-Asian Ocean represented by the Engger Us Ophiolite Belt subducted southward in Late Carboniferous, at the same time that the trench-arc-basin system formed in the Northern Alxa Region. The Paleo-Asian Ocean was closed in Early Permian and the Northern Alxa Region entered a post-collisional period in the Late Permian, as indicated by the Wuliji granites. This suggests that the genesis of the Wuliji granites is consistent with the pluton emplacement at the upper crust, which occurred widely in the northern margin of the North China Plate in Late Carboniferous to Triassic.

Stability switches in a Cohen-Grossberg neural network with multi-delays

In this paper, we consider a Cohen-Grossberg neural network with three delays. Regard- ing time delays as a parameter, we investigate the effect of time delays on its dynamics. We show that there exist stability switches for time delays under certain conditions and the conditions for the existence of periodic oscillations are given by discussing the associated characteristic equation. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the obtained results and interesting network behaviors are observed, such as multiple stability switches of the network equilibrium and synchronous （asynchronous） oscillations.