开心一刻

老婆煮了羊肉让我看火,她去做头发。后来小姨子来串门,非要我带她打游戏,打着打着闻到一股糊味,跑去关火也来不及了。我着急地说:'你姐煮这个捣腾了好久,回来肯定发飙,我们怎么办?'小姨子说:'什么我们怎么办,我都没来过。'然后走了。两个老人去养老院。70岁的老人进去了,90岁老人没进去。工作人员说:'对不起,大爷,我们不接受儿女健在的老人。

STUDY ON SEAMLESS AND MULTILEVEL VPN

The virtual private network (VPN) system, which is one of the construction methods for private networks over the Internet, is gaining prominence. VPNs are currently used for corporate networks to support end to end communications. But if they are applied to private networks for distributed departments in organizations, some problems should be concerned, such as low efficiency of packet transfer and nonsupport of unsymmetrical VPN connections. At first this paper analyzes the limitations of VPN used in the environment of multiple subnets, and then brings up a distributed module of VPN with low cost, high packet transfer efficiency and powerful functions of user authentication and access control.

An Information Diffusion Technique for Fire Risk Analysis

There are many kinds of fires occurring under different conditions. For a specific site, it is difficult to collect sufficient data for analyzing the fire risk. In this paper, we suggest an information diffusion technique to analyze fire risk with a small sample. The information distribution method is applied to change crisp observations into fuzzy sets, and then to effectively construct a fuzzy relationship between fire and surroundings. With the data of Shanghai in winter, we show how to use the technique to analyze the fire risk.

Electrocatalytic volcano relations:surface occupation effects and rational kinetic models

Electrocatalysis plays a vital role in technologies of energy and environment relevance,such as water electrolysis,fuel cells,synthesis of carbon and nitrogen-based fuels,etc.The volcano relations(VRs)are general and standard tools for predicting and understanding the activity trends of electrocatalysts.The modern electrocatalytic VRs are generally based on the kinetic models with the maximum free energy(△G^(0)_(max))of reaction steps as the rate-determining term(RDT),in which some important factors that crucially impact the reaction kinetics are missed,for examples,the surface structures and coverages of reaction intermediates and spectators,other free energy demanding steps than that associated with the △G^(0)_(max),and so on.In this perspective,we first give a brief introduction of the theoretical framework of current electrocatalytic VRs and the underlying problems in the oversimplifiedDG0max-based kinetic models,and then provide an account of our effort in constructing more rational VRs for electrocatalytic reactions.We introduce a new theoretical framework of electrocatalytic VRs based on kinetic model with the so-called energetic span(δE)serving as RDT.Since the surface-coverage effects and multiple free energy-demanding steps are considered,the VRs thus obtained show several new features such as strong potential dependence,asymmetric ascending and descending branches,relatively flat tops,and so on.The effectiveness of theδE-based VRs is verified for hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalytic reactions.Finally,research directions to further rationalize the electrocatalytic VRs are discussed.

Correlation between catalytic activity of supported gold catalysts for carbon monoxide oxidation and metal–oxygen binding energy of the support metal oxides

The effect of a wide variety of metal oxide （MOx） supports has been discussed for CO oxidation on nanoparticulate gold catalysts. By using typical co‐precipitation and deposition–precipitation methods and under identical calcination conditions, supported gold catalysts were prepared on a wide variety of MOx supports, and the temperature for 50%conversion was measured to qualita‐tively evaluate the catalytic activities of these simple MOx and supported Au catalysts. Furthermore, the difference in these temperatures for the simple MOx compared to the supported Au catalysts is plotted against the metal–oxygen binding energies of the support MOx. A clear volcano‐like correla‐tion between the temperature difference and the metal–oxygen binding energies is observed. This correlation suggests that the use of MOx with appropriate metal–oxygen binding energies （300–500 kJ/atom O） greatly improves the catalytic activity of MOx by the deposition of Au NPs.

Misfire identification of automobile engines based on wavelet packet and extreme learning machine

Due to non-stationary characteristics of the vibration signal acquired from cylinder head,a misfire fault diagnosis system of automobile engines based on correlation coefficient gained by wavelet packet and extreme learning machine(ELM)is proposed.Firstly,the original signal is decomposed by wavelet packet,and correlation coefficients between the reconstructed signal of each sub-band and the original signal as well as the energy entropy of each sample are obtained.Then,the eigenvectors established by the correlation coefficients method and the energy entropy method fused with kurtosis are inputted to the four kinds of classifiers including BP neural network,KNN classifier,support vector machine and ELM respectively for training and testing.Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively reflect the differences that the fault produces and identify the single-cylinder misfire accurately,which has the advantages of higher accuracy and shorter training time.

Design and Performances of High-Current Modular Pulsed Power

A design of the high-current modular pulsed power generator and results of the test of this generator are presented. The generator is based on two capacitors each of 2.5μF and 50 kV maximum charging voltage. Two multi-gaps gas spark switches with capacitive coupled triggering are used to discharge stored energy into the load. The triggering pulse with amplitude up to 70 kV and rise time of-50 ns is supplied by three-stage Marx-generator. The output of each capacitor with multi-gaps spark switch is connected to the load by eight coaxial cables -1 m in length. The total inductance of the generator does not exceed 200 nil. At 40 kV charging voltage this generator produces 180 kA with a quarter of period of 1.6 μs at short circuit load of-15 nil. The generator has been used in the research of underwater electrical wire explosion. The space separation of the load and modules of generator allows one to avoid possible damages of the generator by shock waves produced during the wire explosion. In addition, this modular generator design allows to increase easily the number of modules and to reach several hundreds of kiloamperes in the load.

Tradeoff between the number of firefighting resources and the level of fire ignition prevention efforts in the Republic of Korea

This study explores the tradeoff relationship between the number of initial attack firefighting resources and the level of fire ignition prevention efforts mitigating the probability of human-made fires in the Republic of Korea,where most fires are caused by human activities.To examine this tradeoff relationship,we develop a hybrid model that combines a robust optimization model with a stochastic simulation model.The robust optimization minimizes the expected number of fires not receiving a pre-defined response,such as the number of firefighting resources that must arrive at the fire within half an hour,subject to budget constraints and uncertainty about the daily number and location of fires.The simulation model produces a set of fire scenarios in which a combination of number,location,ignition time,and intensity of fires occur.Results show that fire ignition prevention is as cost-effective as initial attack firefighting resources given the current budget in the Republic of Korea for reducing the expected number of fires not covered by the predefined response.The mixed policy of fire suppression and fire prevention may produce some gains in efficiency relative to the dominant policy of strong fire suppression strategies.

Fire needling and bloodletting at cleft points in treatment of 35 patients with acute gouty arthritis

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of fire needling and bloodletting at cleft points for acute gouty arthritis, and to explore its functional mechanism. Methods Thirty-five patients with acute gouty arthritis were enrolled into this study, and fire needling and bloodletting with 10 mL/ time were applied at cleft points of corresponding meridians and collaterals at the affected side. The treatment was conducted for once every other day, and treatment for three consecutive times was needed. Serum uric acid （UA） and pain score were tested in patients before treatment and on the 6th day after treatment, follow-up visit for 3 months was performed in patients who stopped treatment, and recurrence rate was calculated. Results Budzyuski 6-point behavioral rating scale was applied to score pain. T-test was conducted on mean and standard deviation of pain score before treatment （4.09 ＋ 0.82） and after treatment （1.14 ＋ 1.33）, showing that the difference was significant （P〈0.05）; t-test was also conducted on mean and standard deviation of serum UA before treatment [（555.34 ＋ 53.09） pmol/L] and after treatment [（414.23 ＋ 67.04） pmol/L], showing that the difference was significant （P〈0.05）; among the 35 patients with acute gouty arthritis, 14 patients were cured （40.0%）, improvement was found in 19 patients （54.3%）, and effectiveness was found in 33 patients （94.3%）. Based on follow-up visit for 3 months in 33 patients with efficacy, recurrence was found in 3 patients （9.1%）. Conclusion Fire needling and bloodletting at cleft points is an effective method in treatment of acute gouty arthritis with significant analgesic effect, efficacy of reducing serum UA, high cure rate and low recurrence rate, which is worth of being generalized clinically.

Experimental Study of the Gas Triggered Switch's Breakdown by Optical Measurement

In this paper the main technical data of the high speed camera(HSFC-PRO),components of gas triggered switch and the primary experimental results of the breakdown of gas triggered switch using high speed camera are introduced.Four photographs totaling in 24 nanoseconds in single trigger mode manifest that the breakdown consists of two phases,which are the breakdowns of the trigger electrode with positive and negative electrode successively. This phenomenon is consist with the electric field distribution simulation result with the help of the software ANSYS. Eight photographs in double trigger mode prove that the breakdown time of the gas triggered switch is above 10.5 microseconds.The elementary results show that high speed camera is a very efficient apparatus to study the discharge characteristics.This optical measuring technique is helpful to profoundly study the breakdown of high voltage switch. More studies and experiments would be continued in future.

Observations on Curative Effect of High-frequency Electric Sparkle and Point-injection Therapy on Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective: To observe the curative effect of high-frequency electric sparkle and point-injection therapy (HESPT) on knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Two hundred and five patients were randomly divided into a warming needle moxibustion group (68 cases), a HESPT group (68 cases) and a point-injection group (69 cases). In the warming needle moxibustion group, the main points of Xuehai (SP 10), Neixiyan (EX-LE4), Waixiyan (EX-LE5), Dubi (ST 35), Zusanli (ST 36) and Yanglingquan (GB 34), and the adjunct points of Yinlingquan (SP 9) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), on the affected side, were chosen for stimulation. In the HESPT group, tenderness points, the main points of Liangqiu (ST 34), Xuehai (SP 10), Neixiyan (EX-LE4), Waixiyan (EX-LE5) and Zusanli (ST 36), and the adjunct points of Yinlingquan (SP 9), Weizhong (BL 40) and Chengshan (BL 57), were chosen. After proper manipulation, Corydalis decumbens Pers. liquid was injected into the points and a high-frequency electric sparkle was applied to stimulate the needles for 30 seconds. In the point-injection group, point injection was performed with the same method, but the patients did not receive electric stimulation. The Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Lysholm Knee Score Scale (LKSS) and the ROM (Range of Motion) scale were used to evaluate the severity of KOA and the function of knee joints before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. Finally, the Nimodipine method was used to assess the total curative effect. Results: After HESPT treatment, the scores for pain, morning stiffness and swelling were significantly lower (P<0.01) and LKSS index and ROM were much higher (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively) compared to the two other groups. The obviously effective rate and total effective rate were also significantly higher in the HESPT group than in the two other groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion: HESPT can improve joint function in KOA patients, and the curative effect is better than for warming needle moxibustion or point-injection only.

Therapeutic observation on tuina for primary hypertension due to liver-fire flaming-up

Objective: To compare the antihypertensive effects of tuina at Taichong (LR 3), Neiguan (PC 6) and Qiaogong (Extra) to screen the best tuina protocol for primary hypertension due to liver-fire flaming-up. Methods: A total of 102 patients with primary hypertension due to liver-fire flaming-up were randomly divided into a Taichong (LR 3) group, a Neiguan (PC 6) group and a Qiaogong (Extra) group according to the random number table, with 34 cases in each group. Patients in the three groups received 4-week tuina treatment with the corresponding acupoint respectively. The blood pressure was recorded by ben chtop mercury sphygmoma no meter before tuina, immediately after tuina treatment, 30 min and 60 min after tuina treatment with the patient in a supine position in a quiet treatment room. The total effective rate was observed. Results: The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the three groups all decreased after treatment (all P<0.05). The decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at different time points after treatment in the Qiaogong (Extra) group and the Taichong (LR 3) group were better than those in the Neiguan (PC 6) group (all P<0.05). Qiaogong (Extra) group had the highest total effective rate though there was no statistical differenee in the total effective rate among the three groups (P>0.05). Con elusion: Treati ng primary hypertensi on due to liver-fire flami ng-up with tuina at Taich ong (LR 3), Neigua n (PC 6) and Qiaogong (Extra) can reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively, among which Qiaogong (Extra) has the highest total effective rate.

Efficacy observation on degenerative gonitis treated with triple needling combined with thunder-fire moxibustion

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of degenerative gonitis treated with triple needling combined with thunder-fire moxibustion for better promotion and clinical application. Methods Ninety-eight patients with degenerative gonitis were randomly divided into a thunder-fire moxibustion group （group A） and an acupuncture group （group B） according to randon number table, with forty-nine cases in each group. In group A, Neixiyan （内膝眼 EX-LE 4）, Dubi （犊鼻 ST 35）, Yanglingquan （阳陵泉 GB 34）, Xuehai （血海 SP 10）, Liangqiu （梁丘 ST 34）, Zusanli （足三里 ST 36）, Yinlingquan （阳陵泉 SP 9） and Xiyangguan （膝阳关 GB 33） were selected to accept triple and needling thunder-fire moxibustion for 20 min after the needles were retained for 40 min. The patients in group B were only treated with acupuncture. Thunder-fire moxibustion was not applied in the group B. The treatment was given once a day for four weeks. Knee function score and knee stiffness score in both groups were recorded before and after treatment, and the therapeutic effect was assessed. Results After four weeks＇ treatment, the total effective rate of group A was 93.9% （46/49）, which was superior to 71.4% （35/49） in group B （P〈0.05）. Improvement in knee stiffness in group A was superior to that in group B （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Triple needling combined with thunder-fire moxibustion had clinical efficacy on degenerative gonitis, which is a better treatment option with the total efficacy significantly superior to that of acupuncture only.

Effect of acupuncture plus thunder-fire moxibustion on MMP-3, TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 in rats with knee osteoarthritis

Objective： To observe the effect of acupuncture plus thunder-fire moxibustion on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 （MMP-3）, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 （TIMP-1） and transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） in cartilage of knee osteoarthritis （KOA） rats, and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture plus thunder-fire moxibustion in the treatment of KOA. Methods： Thirty Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group and an acupuncture-moxibustion group by random digits table, 10 rats in each group. Rats in the model group and the acupuncture-moxibustion group were injected with papain in the right posterior knee joint to prepare the models. The levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in rat synovium of each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELBA） after 2 weeks of treatment. The level of TGF-β1 was determined by Motic B5 Micro-camera system. Results： The levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in the cartilage of the model group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group （all P〈0.01）; the levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in the acupuncture-moxibustion group were lower than those in the model group, and the between-group differences were statistically significant （all P〈0.05）. The levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in the acupuncture-moxibustion group were higher than those in the blank control group, and the differences were statistically significant （all P〈0.05）. The level of TGF-β1 in cartilage tissues of the model group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group （P〈0.01）; the level of TGF-β1 in the acupuncture-moxibustion group was higher than that in the model group （P〈0.05）, but it was lower than that in the blank control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture plus thunder-fire moxibustion can effectively recover the abnormal expressions of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in KOA model rats and somewhat up-regulate TGF-β1, which may be one of its mechanisms of acupuncture plus thunder-fire for KOA.

Clinical Observation of Fire-needle Therapy plus Tuina for Senile Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective： To observe the therapeutic efficacy of fire-needle therapy plus tuina in treating primary knee osteoarthritis （KOA） in the elderly. Methods： Twenty-three patients with KOA were intervened by pricking with fire-needle therapy plus tuina, and evaluated by using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index （WOMAC） before and after intervention. Results： After intervention, the total score, scores of pain, rigidity, and activities of daily living of WOMAC dropped significantly （P＆lt;0.05）. Conclusion： Pricking with fire needle plus tuina can produce a significant therapeutic efficacy in treating KOA in the elderly, thus worth application in clinic.

Total hip arthroplasty with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Methods: Between 1995 and 2002, we implanted 23 cementless cups and femoral head autografts in 20 patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. In this study, a retrospective study was made on 21 hips in 20 patients (18 females and 2 males, aged 50 years on an average) with developmental hip dysplasia treated by THA with a cementless cup and femoral head autograft. The acetabular cup was placed at the level of the true acetabulum and all the patients required autogenous femoral head grafts due to acetabular deficiency. The average rate of the acetabular cup covered by the femoral head autograft was 31% (ranging from 10% to 45%). Eight hips had less than 25% cup coverage and thirteen between 25% and 50%. The average follow-up period was (4.7) years (range, 1-8 years). The replacing outcome was evaluated by modified Harris hip score. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were made. Results: All the autografts were united to the host bones. No autograft was collapsed or no component from the hip was loosed in all the patients. According to the modified Harris hip score, the average hip score increased from 46 before operation to 89 at the final review. Before operation, the leg-length discrepancy was greater than 2 cm in all the patients except one with bilateral hip dysplasia. After operation, only 2 out of 20 patients had a leg-length discrepancy greater than 1 cm. Three hips showed minor bone resorption in the lateral portion of the graft, which did not support the cup. Three hips developed Grade 1 Brooker heterotopic ossification and one developed Grade 2. Conclusions: THA with a cementless cup and a femoral head autograft for patients with osteoarthritis resulted from hip dysplasia can result in favorable outcomes. This method can provide reliable acetabular fixation and restore the acetabular bone stock in patients with developmental hip dysplasia when the cementless cup covered by the graft does not exceed 50%.