网络消费空间的性质与生产——以淘宝网原创女装店为例

网络消费空间是一种新型关系性社会空间。论文援引空间生产的三元空间论,通过对中国最大的C2C电子购物平台淘宝网的10家原创女装店的文本分析与深度访谈,对网络消费空间的实践、空间的表征与表征性空间进行解析。认为网络消费空间的实践主要支持并为消费关系所决定,空间的表征主要通过符号的操作,是结构化与能动性的结合,表征性空间是对社会主流文化的顺从与反叛,呈现出矛盾与不平衡性。网络消费空间生产的结构以消费关系、符号操作与文化表达三重过程为基础,包含社会结构、日常生活与符号系统等多重辩证关系。

非正式“恋地情结”:流动空间的人地依恋——形成过程、权力生产与规划转向

近年来,承载着非正规经济的街道市场被大量清退,人们感受到一种难以言明的"怅然若失"。本文将这种特殊情感概念化为"非正式‘恋地情结’",意指"附着在具有无形边界、自发形成的流动空间上的人地依恋现象"。它的指向对象是人、物等存在在创造意义结构的过程中所缔造出的关系性空间,其形成机制存在"自我认同"和"情感驱动"双重逻辑,情感汇集成"湍流",通过"分散—强化"机制成为城市"氛围"。它存在但难被捕捉,原因在于政治权力通过知识生产重构了人们的认知,也包括现代法律对权利的定义"垄断"了人们对城市权利的认知。它是寻找情感"城市权利"的线索,规划研究需将非表征方法纳入视野,以识别和维护人们的情感"城市权利"。

人的主体性及其与现实和语言的互动性——以隐喻性空间关系构式为例

隐喻性空间关系构式是描述人所识解出的隐喻性空间关系的形-义配对体。这种构式表明,在人、现实和语言三者中,人是主体,现实是客体,语言是工具;但是,人的主体性、现实的客体性和语言的工具性都是相对的。人虽为主体,也不能随意地感知、体验和识解现实,也不能随意地使用语言来表达现实;现实虽为客体,也会因其自身的特性而反作用于人这一主体,对人的体验和识解产生一定的制约和限制;语言虽为工具,同样也会因其自身的结构特性和规律而反作用于人这一主体,对人的表达产生一定的制约和限制。因此,隐喻性空间关系构式所体现的就是:现实、人和语言之间是一种相互作用、相互制约的互动关系。

空间、感知与关系嵌入:论数字空间媒介化过程中的技术中介效应

在新兴空间集合体广泛扩散的当下,媒介自身的中介属性被不断强化,人类对于空间环境的驾驭同时受到数字技术的中介。通过理解技术的新变化及其支撑的新应用服务来拓宽对数字空间媒介的认知,是一个值得持续研究的重要议题。本研究以数字技术作为切入点,将英国地理学家多琳·梅西的空间观作为理论切入点,强调从关系入手理解数字空间的必要性和重要性。在此基础上,本研究以高德地图App为例,试图进一步阐释"关系"对于数字空间媒介实践的重要意义,尝试从认识论层面解读技术在驱动数字空间成为媒介时所起的关键作用,以期更全面地揭示作为空间关系性载体的数字空间媒介所附着的多重技术中介效应。

Fundamental Theories of Spatial Similarity Relations in Multi-scale Map Spaces

Similarity relation is one of the spatial relations in the community of geographic information science and cartography.It is widely used in the retrieval of spatial databases, the recognition of spatial objects from images, and the description of spatial features on maps.However, little achievements have been made for it by far.In this paper, spatial similarity relation was put forward with the introduction of automated map generalization in the construction of multi-scale map databases;then the definition of spatial similarity relations was presented based on set theory, the concept of spatial similarity degree was given, and the characteristics of spatial similarity were discussed in detail, in-cluding reflexivity, symmetry, non-transitivity, self-similarity in multi-scale spaces, and scale-dependence.Finally a classification system for spatial similarity relations in multi-scale map spaces was addressed.This research may be useful to automated map generalization, spatial similarity retrieval and spatial reasoning.

Generalization Rough Set Theory

In order to avoid the discretization in the classical rough set theory, a generlization rough set theory is proposed. At first, the degree of general importance of an attribute and attribute subsets are presented. Then, depending on the degree of general importance of attribute, the space distance can be measured with weighted method. At last, a generalization rough set theory based on the general near neighborhood relation is proposed. The proposed theory partitions the universe into the tolerant modules, and forms lower approximation and upper approximation of the set under general near neighborhood relationship, which avoids the discretization in Pawlak's rough set theory.

A new measure for evaluating spatially related properties of traffic information credibility

With the wide applications of sensor network technology in traffic information acquisition systems,a new measure will be quite necessary to evaluate spatially related properties of traffic information credibility.The heterogeneity of spatial distribution of information credibility from sensor networks is analyzed and a new measure,information credibility function(ICF),is proposed to describe this heterogeneity.Three possible functional forms of sensor ICF and their corresponding expressions are presented.Then,two feasible operations of spatial superposition of sensor ICFs are discussed.Finally,a numerical example is introduced to show the calibration method of sensor ICF and obtain the spatially related properties of expressway in Beijing.The results show that the sensor ICF of expressway in Beijing possesses a negative exponent property.The traffic information is more abundant at or near the locations of sensor,while with the distance away from the sensor increasing,the traffic information credibility will be declined by an exponential trend.The new measure provides theoretical bases for the optimal locations of traffic sensor networks and the mechanism research of spatial distribution of traffic information credibility.

Social cliques in male northern muriquis Brachyteles hypoxanthus

Analyses of spatial relationships and social interactions provide insights into the social structure of animal societies and the ways in which social preferences among and between dyads affect higher order social relationships. In this paper we de- scribe the patterns of spatial associations and social interactions among adult male northern muriquis in order to evaluate the dy- namics of their social networks above the dyadic levels. Systematic observations were made on the 17 adult males present in a multi-male/multi-female group from April 2004 through February 2005, and in July 2005. Analyses of their spatial relationships identified two distinct male cliques; some adult males （called ＂N＂ males） were more connected to the females and immatures than other adult males （＂MU＂ males）, which were more connected to one another. Affiliative interactions were significantly higher among dyads belonging to the same clique than to different cliques. Although frequencies of dyadic agonistic interactions were similarly low among individuals within and between cliques, MU males appeared to be subordinate to N males. Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in the copulation rates estimated for MU males and N males. Mutual benefits of cooperation between MU and N cliques in intergroup encounters might explain their ongoing associations in the same mixed-sex group

Using Weights of Evidence in the Spatial Relation Between Infected Snails and Geographic Factors

Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin in China. Study of spatial variation of snail distribution that is related to microgeographic factors can help to choose pertinent measures for snail extinguishment and environment rebuilding. This paper studied the theoretical architecture of weights-of-evidence approach. The case study was made for spatial relation between the occurrence of infected snails and geographic factor combinations in Waijiazhou marshland of Poyang Lake region in China. The multievidence data came from the geographical factor combinations by crossing operation of vegetation coverage grade layer, cattle route distance grade layer, and special environment layer (181 combinations in total) in GIS. The calculation of weight contrast index shows that high vegetation coverage, cattle route distance of <45 meters, and special geographic factor "ground depression" had direct spatial relation with the occurrence of infected snails. The verification by crossing operation in GIS indicated 72.45% of the infected snails concentrated on the areas of positive weight contrast index (sequenced in an order of weight contrast index from high to low), demonstrating the high efficiency of the model established in finding infected snails according to the geographic factor combinations that can be explicitly discerned in the study area.

Direct estimation of rupture depths of earthquake faults from coseismic surface deformation

The rupture dimensions of earthquake faults are important parameters for characterizing earthquake ruptures and ground motions. Two key parameters to be determined are the rupture depth and dip angle of earthquake faults. Dislocation theory in an elastic half space indicates that if a seismic rupture directly runs up to the ground surface, there exist zero points of horizontal strain in the surface deformation, which correspond to the rupture depths, except for pure strike-slip faults. In this study, we use numerical simulations to investigate the possibility of inferring rupture depths from zero-strain points for cases of buried faults and heterogeneous media. The results show that the correspondence of zero-strain points to the rupture depths can be influenced by the heterogeneity of the underground media and the stress field. For buried faults, the correspondence relationship is approximately valid when the fault depth is <1 km. In addition, the range of earthquake fault dip angles can be estimated by horizontal displacements on the ground. We also study how to determine the rupture depths of faults from InSAR data after large earthquakes, and successfully apply the method to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The method proposed here, which determines the parameters of fault geometry according to surface deformation, is simple and easy to perform. With independent of aftershocks, it can provide valuable constraints to kinematic inversions.

Direct dynamical characterization of higher-order topological phases with nested band inversion surfaces

Higher-order topological phases(HOTPs) are systems with topologically protected in-gap boundary states localized at their ed à nT-dimensional boundaries, with d the system dimension and n the order of the topology. This work proposes a dynamics-based characterization of one large class of Z-type HOTPs without specifically relying on any crystalline symmetry considerations. The key element of our innovative approach is to connect quantum quench dynamics with nested configurations of the socalled band inversion surfaces(BISs) of momentum-space Hamiltonians as a sum of operators from the Clifford algebra(a condition that can be partially relaxed), thereby making it possible to dynamically detect each and every order of topology on an equal footing. Given that experiments on synthetic topological matter can directly measure the winding of certain pseudospin texture to determine topological features of BISs, the topological invariants defined through nested BISs are all within reach of ongoing experiments. Further, the necessity of having nested BISs in defining higher-order topology offers a unique perspective to investigate and engineer higher-order topological phase transitions.

A NEW STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR THE ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS

This paper addresses the issues of conservativeness and computational complexity of probabilistie robustness analysis. The authors solve both issues by defining a new sampling strategy and robustness measure. The new measure is shown to be much less conservative than the existing one. The new sampling strategy enables the definition of efficient hierarchical sample reuse algorithms that reduce significantly the computational complexity and make it independent of the dimension of the uncertainty space. Moreover, the authors show that there exists a one to one correspondence between the new and the existing robustness measures and provide a computationally simple algorithm to derive one from the other.