Purpose： The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of an anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） injury in javelin throwing and javelin throwing techniques relevant to this ACL injury. Methods： The patien...Purpose： The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of an anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） injury in javelin throwing and javelin throwing techniques relevant to this ACL injury. Methods： The patient in this study was an elite female javelin thrower who completed the first three trials and sustained a non-contact ACL injury on her left knee in the fourth trial of javelin throwing during a recent track and field meet. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected in the injury and non-injury trials. The kinematic data of 52 male and 54 female elite javelin throwers were obtained from a javelin throwing biomechanical database. Results： The patient had greater forward center of mass velocity and less vertical center of mass velocity after the first 25% of the delivery phase in the injury trial compared to non-injury trials. The patient had less left knee flexion angle and angular velocity but similar left knee valgus and internal rotation angles during the first 21% of the delivery phase in the injury trial compared to non-injury trials. The video images showed an obvious tibia anterior translation at the 30% of the delivery phase in the injury trial. The left knee flexion angle and angular velocity at the time of the left foot landing and the maximal left knee flexion angle during the delivery phase were not significantly correlated to the official distance for 52 male and 54 female elite javelin throwers. Conclusion： The ACL injury in this study occurred during the first 30% of the delivery phase, most likely during the first 25% of the delivery phase. A stiff landing of the left leg with a small knee flexion angle was the primary contributor to this injury. Javelin throwers may have a soft left leg landing with a flexed knee, which may help them prevent ACL injuries without compromising performance.展开更多
Purpose： The globalisation of artificial turf and the increase in player participation has driven the need to examine injury risk in the sport of football. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface--pl...Purpose： The globalisation of artificial turf and the increase in player participation has driven the need to examine injury risk in the sport of football. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface--player interaction in female football players between natural and artificial turf. Methods： Eight university level female football players performed an unanticipated cutting manoeuvre at an angle of 30° and 60°, on a regulation natural grass pitch （NT） and a 3G artificial turf pitch （AT）. An automated active maker system （CodaSport CXS System, 200 Hz） quantified 3D joint angles at the ankle and knee during the early deceleration phase of the cutting, defined from foot strike to weight acceptance at 20% of the stance phase. Differences were statistically examined using a two-way （cutting angle, surface） ANOVA, with an α level of p 〈 0.05 and Cohen＇s d effect size reported. Results： A trend was observed on the AT, with a reduction in knee valgus and internal rotation, suggesting a reduced risk of knee injury. This findings highlight that AT is no worse than NT and may have the potential to reduce the risk of knee injury. The ankle joint during foot strike showed large effects for an increase dorsiflexion and inversion on AT. A large effect for an increase during weight acceptance was observed for ankle inversion and external rotation on AT. Conclusion： These findings provide some support for the use of AT in female football, with no evidence to suggests that there is an increased risk of injury when performing on an artificial turf. The ankle response was less clear and further research is warranted. This initial study provides a platform for more detailed analysis, and highlights the importance of exploring the biomechanical changes in performance and injury risk with the introduction of AT.展开更多
目的研究全膝关节置换术(TKA)中局部使用氨甲环酸对出血量以及术后膝关节功能恢复的影响。方法 2013年12月至2015年8月(包含随访时间在内)关节科收入治疗的74例TKA手术患者分为两组,A组37例局部使用氨甲环酸术中止血,B组37例静脉使用氨...目的研究全膝关节置换术(TKA)中局部使用氨甲环酸对出血量以及术后膝关节功能恢复的影响。方法 2013年12月至2015年8月(包含随访时间在内)关节科收入治疗的74例TKA手术患者分为两组,A组37例局部使用氨甲环酸术中止血,B组37例静脉使用氨甲环酸术中止血;对比两组患者的出血量、输血量、术后血红蛋白、纤维蛋白原、凝血功能、D-二聚体、并发症情况以及膝关节持续被动运动(CPM)最大角度。结果两组隐性失血量、术中出血量、术后24 h纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间、活化的部分凝血酶原时间以及D-二聚体等指标相比无显著统计学差异(P>0.05),A组术后12 h引流量、总失血量以及输血量均低于B组,术后第1、3、5 d A组血红蛋白含量均高于B组,且关节功能恢复A组术后3个月膝关节活动度、HSS功能评分、术后3 d CPM均高于B组,组间进行比较P均<0.05,统计学差异显著。随访6个月两组均未见下肢深静脉栓塞和肺栓塞等发生。结论 TKA术中使用氨甲环酸对出血量的控制效果良好,但局部使用更佳,可显著降低出血量,减少输血量,且不影响患者凝血功能,有助于术后膝关节功能恢复,安全有效,具有较高的临床使用价值。展开更多
文摘Purpose： The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of an anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） injury in javelin throwing and javelin throwing techniques relevant to this ACL injury. Methods： The patient in this study was an elite female javelin thrower who completed the first three trials and sustained a non-contact ACL injury on her left knee in the fourth trial of javelin throwing during a recent track and field meet. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected in the injury and non-injury trials. The kinematic data of 52 male and 54 female elite javelin throwers were obtained from a javelin throwing biomechanical database. Results： The patient had greater forward center of mass velocity and less vertical center of mass velocity after the first 25% of the delivery phase in the injury trial compared to non-injury trials. The patient had less left knee flexion angle and angular velocity but similar left knee valgus and internal rotation angles during the first 21% of the delivery phase in the injury trial compared to non-injury trials. The video images showed an obvious tibia anterior translation at the 30% of the delivery phase in the injury trial. The left knee flexion angle and angular velocity at the time of the left foot landing and the maximal left knee flexion angle during the delivery phase were not significantly correlated to the official distance for 52 male and 54 female elite javelin throwers. Conclusion： The ACL injury in this study occurred during the first 30% of the delivery phase, most likely during the first 25% of the delivery phase. A stiff landing of the left leg with a small knee flexion angle was the primary contributor to this injury. Javelin throwers may have a soft left leg landing with a flexed knee, which may help them prevent ACL injuries without compromising performance.
文摘Purpose： The globalisation of artificial turf and the increase in player participation has driven the need to examine injury risk in the sport of football. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface--player interaction in female football players between natural and artificial turf. Methods： Eight university level female football players performed an unanticipated cutting manoeuvre at an angle of 30° and 60°, on a regulation natural grass pitch （NT） and a 3G artificial turf pitch （AT）. An automated active maker system （CodaSport CXS System, 200 Hz） quantified 3D joint angles at the ankle and knee during the early deceleration phase of the cutting, defined from foot strike to weight acceptance at 20% of the stance phase. Differences were statistically examined using a two-way （cutting angle, surface） ANOVA, with an α level of p 〈 0.05 and Cohen＇s d effect size reported. Results： A trend was observed on the AT, with a reduction in knee valgus and internal rotation, suggesting a reduced risk of knee injury. This findings highlight that AT is no worse than NT and may have the potential to reduce the risk of knee injury. The ankle joint during foot strike showed large effects for an increase dorsiflexion and inversion on AT. A large effect for an increase during weight acceptance was observed for ankle inversion and external rotation on AT. Conclusion： These findings provide some support for the use of AT in female football, with no evidence to suggests that there is an increased risk of injury when performing on an artificial turf. The ankle response was less clear and further research is warranted. This initial study provides a platform for more detailed analysis, and highlights the importance of exploring the biomechanical changes in performance and injury risk with the introduction of AT.
文摘目的研究全膝关节置换术(TKA)中局部使用氨甲环酸对出血量以及术后膝关节功能恢复的影响。方法 2013年12月至2015年8月(包含随访时间在内)关节科收入治疗的74例TKA手术患者分为两组,A组37例局部使用氨甲环酸术中止血,B组37例静脉使用氨甲环酸术中止血;对比两组患者的出血量、输血量、术后血红蛋白、纤维蛋白原、凝血功能、D-二聚体、并发症情况以及膝关节持续被动运动(CPM)最大角度。结果两组隐性失血量、术中出血量、术后24 h纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间、活化的部分凝血酶原时间以及D-二聚体等指标相比无显著统计学差异(P>0.05),A组术后12 h引流量、总失血量以及输血量均低于B组,术后第1、3、5 d A组血红蛋白含量均高于B组,且关节功能恢复A组术后3个月膝关节活动度、HSS功能评分、术后3 d CPM均高于B组,组间进行比较P均<0.05,统计学差异显著。随访6个月两组均未见下肢深静脉栓塞和肺栓塞等发生。结论 TKA术中使用氨甲环酸对出血量的控制效果良好,但局部使用更佳,可显著降低出血量,减少输血量,且不影响患者凝血功能,有助于术后膝关节功能恢复,安全有效,具有较高的临床使用价值。
