牧区合理载畜量的确定是进行草畜平衡评价的核心工作之一,对指导牧区经济、社会和生态环境的可持续发展具有重要意义。中国西北干旱风沙草原受不合理放牧的影响,草地退化、沙化、盐碱化问题突出,为保护草原生态系统而实施的季节性间歇...牧区合理载畜量的确定是进行草畜平衡评价的核心工作之一,对指导牧区经济、社会和生态环境的可持续发展具有重要意义。中国西北干旱风沙草原受不合理放牧的影响,草地退化、沙化、盐碱化问题突出,为保护草原生态系统而实施的季节性间歇放牧制度使得牧区草畜供需关系进一步复杂化,牧区合理载畜量的确定缺乏有效的计算方法,草畜平衡评价的指导意义不强。该研究选取鄂托克旗牧区作为典型研究区,引入载畜量年内波动系数和草地生产力丰平枯系数2个动态参数,构建了一种基于改进关键场的牧区合理载畜量计算方法,并结合草畜平衡指数(Balance of Grassland and LivestockIndex,BGLI)对鄂托克旗牧区的草畜平衡状况进行了分析。结果表明,干旱风沙草原牧区草畜供需过程非一致性显著,牧业年度内形成了包含5个子过程的动态周期;改进关键场方法充分考虑了这一供需节律匹配关系,对传统和关键场方法进行了改进和完善,其在干旱风沙草原牧区合理载畜量计算中更具适用性,合理载畜量计算结果表明牧区各分区的冷季草场占比过高,现状年桌子山及山前平原分区、都斯图流域分区以及内流河分区的全年合理载畜量分别为8.60、53.49和27.66万羊单位;基于改进关键场方法对鄂托克旗牧区进行草畜平衡评价可知,现状年内流河分区超载最为严重,牧区各草场及全年的BGLI值均在105%左右,桌子山及山前平原分区次之,均在40%以上,而都斯图流域分区草畜平衡状况相对良好。展开更多
The magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) three-dimensional flow of Jeffrey fluid in the presence of Newtonian heating is investigated. Flow is caused by a bidirectional stretching surface. Series solutions are constructed for the...The magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) three-dimensional flow of Jeffrey fluid in the presence of Newtonian heating is investigated. Flow is caused by a bidirectional stretching surface. Series solutions are constructed for the velocity and temperature fields. Convergence of series solutions is ensured graphically and numerically. The variations of key parameters on the physical quantities are shown and discussed in detail. Constructed series solutions are compared with the existing solutions in the limiting case and an excellent agreement is noticed. Nusselt numbers are computed with and without magnetic fields. It is observed that the Nusselt number decreases in the presence of magnetic field.展开更多
5G has been developing at high speed since 2012 and has become a global economic driver. In this paper, we offer a survey of 5G covering visions, requirements, roadmap, key technologies, standardization, frequency man...5G has been developing at high speed since 2012 and has become a global economic driver. In this paper, we offer a survey of 5G covering visions, requirements, roadmap, key technologies, standardization, frequency management, technology trials, industrial ecology, and a list of main 5G contributors. We also point out the contributions to 5G from China, aiming to be ＇globally leading in 5G＇ by acting as a main 5G contributor in standardization and promoting/enhancing the Chinese 5G industry. Finally, progress on 5G is reviewed mixed with our rethinking of 5G.展开更多
文摘牧区合理载畜量的确定是进行草畜平衡评价的核心工作之一,对指导牧区经济、社会和生态环境的可持续发展具有重要意义。中国西北干旱风沙草原受不合理放牧的影响,草地退化、沙化、盐碱化问题突出,为保护草原生态系统而实施的季节性间歇放牧制度使得牧区草畜供需关系进一步复杂化,牧区合理载畜量的确定缺乏有效的计算方法,草畜平衡评价的指导意义不强。该研究选取鄂托克旗牧区作为典型研究区,引入载畜量年内波动系数和草地生产力丰平枯系数2个动态参数,构建了一种基于改进关键场的牧区合理载畜量计算方法,并结合草畜平衡指数(Balance of Grassland and LivestockIndex,BGLI)对鄂托克旗牧区的草畜平衡状况进行了分析。结果表明,干旱风沙草原牧区草畜供需过程非一致性显著,牧业年度内形成了包含5个子过程的动态周期;改进关键场方法充分考虑了这一供需节律匹配关系,对传统和关键场方法进行了改进和完善,其在干旱风沙草原牧区合理载畜量计算中更具适用性,合理载畜量计算结果表明牧区各分区的冷季草场占比过高,现状年桌子山及山前平原分区、都斯图流域分区以及内流河分区的全年合理载畜量分别为8.60、53.49和27.66万羊单位;基于改进关键场方法对鄂托克旗牧区进行草畜平衡评价可知,现状年内流河分区超载最为严重,牧区各草场及全年的BGLI值均在105%左右,桌子山及山前平原分区次之,均在40%以上,而都斯图流域分区草畜平衡状况相对良好。
文摘The magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) three-dimensional flow of Jeffrey fluid in the presence of Newtonian heating is investigated. Flow is caused by a bidirectional stretching surface. Series solutions are constructed for the velocity and temperature fields. Convergence of series solutions is ensured graphically and numerically. The variations of key parameters on the physical quantities are shown and discussed in detail. Constructed series solutions are compared with the existing solutions in the limiting case and an excellent agreement is noticed. Nusselt numbers are computed with and without magnetic fields. It is observed that the Nusselt number decreases in the presence of magnetic field.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61425012)
文摘5G has been developing at high speed since 2012 and has become a global economic driver. In this paper, we offer a survey of 5G covering visions, requirements, roadmap, key technologies, standardization, frequency management, technology trials, industrial ecology, and a list of main 5G contributors. We also point out the contributions to 5G from China, aiming to be ＇globally leading in 5G＇ by acting as a main 5G contributor in standardization and promoting/enhancing the Chinese 5G industry. Finally, progress on 5G is reviewed mixed with our rethinking of 5G.
